2022云南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

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1、2022云南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.第一篇 Eta CarinaeAs possibly the galaxys (银河) most massive star, Eta Carinae is now engaging in some very unusual behaviour. Australian astronomers, being in the Southern Hemisphere (半球), are able to observe i

2、t clearly. In the 19th century, Eta Carinae was for a time the third brightest star in the sky. It has now become less bright so that binoculars (双筒望远镜 )are needed to see it. “It seems to be brightening and becoming less bright over a period of many years”, said Dr Bob Duncan from the Australia Tele

3、scope National Facility. While it is not unusual for stars to vary in brightness, the period is usually much shorter. “Since 1992 it has become four times brighter, and then last year it began to drop dramatically,” he said. The problem in observing Eta Carinae is that it has been surrounded by a cl

4、oud of gas and dust, making it hard to see the star directly. However, radio waves and infrared light (红外线)can pass through this cloud, so telescopes that receive these wavelengths can observe what is occurring. Eta Carinae is of particular interest to astronomers because it seems to be in its death

5、 throes（剧痛）. Being so large it will end up as a supernova (超新星). There has not been a supernova in our galaxy since the invention of the telescope. While a 1987 explosion in a nearby galaxy gave astronomers plenty of valuable data, they are hungry for an even closer look. Eta Carinae has other uniqu

6、e features, and is the only star known to produce an ultraviolet(紫外线)laser that is brighter than that produced by the Sun. Lasers have been observed in other frequencies from a few stars.Astronomers are particularly interested in Eta Carinae becauseAit is in its final stage.Bit is a supernova.Cit ex

7、ploded in 1987.Dit is brighter than the sun. 2.The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high

8、 tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are bei

9、ng burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (极地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for ex

10、ample, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species

11、 than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants,

12、which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.ARightBWrongC Not mentioned 3.第一篇 Eta CarinaeAs po

13、ssibly the galaxys (银河) most massive star, Eta Carinae is now engaging in some very unusual behaviour. Australian astronomers, being in the Southern Hemisphere (半球), are able to observe it clearly. In the 19th century, Eta Carinae was for a time the third brightest star in the sky. It has now become

14、 less bright so that binoculars (双筒望远镜 )are needed to see it. “It seems to be brightening and becoming less bright over a period of many years”, said Dr Bob Duncan from the Australia Telescope National Facility. While it is not unusual for stars to vary in brightness, the period is usually much shor

15、ter. “Since 1992 it has become four times brighter, and then last year it began to drop dramatically,” he said. The problem in observing Eta Carinae is that it has been surrounded by a cloud of gas and dust, making it hard to see the star directly. However, radio waves and infrared light (红外线)can pa

16、ss through this cloud, so telescopes that receive these wavelengths can observe what is occurring. Eta Carinae is of particular interest to astronomers because it seems to be in its death throes（剧痛）. Being so large it will end up as a supernova (超新星). There has not been a supernova in our galaxy sin

17、ce the invention of the telescope. While a 1987 explosion in a nearby galaxy gave astronomers plenty of valuable data, they are hungry for an even closer look. Eta Carinae has other unique features, and is the only star known to produce an ultraviolet(紫外线)laser that is brighter than that produced by

18、 the Sun. Lasers have been observed in other frequencies from a few stars.Which of the following statements about Eta Carinae is NOT trueAIt will end up as a supernova.BIt can be seen only through binoculars.CIt is the only star that sends out an ultraviolet laser.DIts ultraviolet laser is brighter

19、than that of the Sun. 4.Robots1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or

20、 Europe.2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever

21、 since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100

22、 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.

23、B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedur

24、e of just testing a small sample.7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.23. Paragraph 2 _24. Paragraph 3 _25

25、. Paragraph 5 _26. Paragraph 6 _A Ongoing ResearchB Extension of UseC Robot HeroesD Greater ReliabilityE Falling DemandF Hidden Danger27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _.28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _.29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they

26、consume _.30. The use of robots increases _.A too much energyB based on American designsC they are too costlyD they are not reliableE quality controlF free of charge 5.Robots1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on Ameri

27、can designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work

28、like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience wi

29、th robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number

30、because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day f

31、or two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Onc

32、e programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.23. Paragraph 2 _24. Paragraph 3 _25. Paragraph 5 _26. Paragraph 6 _A Ongoing ResearchB Extension of UseC Robot HeroesD Greater ReliabilityE Falling DemandF Hidden Danger27. Even the most soph

33、isticated Japanese robots are _.28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _.29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _.30. The use of robots increases _.A too much energyB based on American designsC they are too costlyD they are not reliableE quality controlF free

34、of charge 6.The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept acr

35、oss the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are rele

36、ased; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (极地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its

37、land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth. The

38、 people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by

39、activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.ARightB WrongC Not mentioned 7.Robots1 The most

40、sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.2 Although industrial robots were

41、 originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wa

42、ge rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an

43、equivalent job.5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This

44、has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.7 The bi

45、ggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.23. Paragraph 2 _24. Paragraph 3 _25. Paragraph 5 _26. Paragraph 6 _A Ongoing

46、 ResearchB Extension of UseC Robot HeroesD Greater ReliabilityE Falling DemandF Hidden Danger27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _.28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _.29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _.30. The use of robots increases

47、 _.A too much energyB based on American designsC they are too costlyD they are not reliableE quality controlF free of charge 8.The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Seve

48、ral times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like o