2022四川职称英语考试模拟卷.docx

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1、2022四川职称英语考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The boy was seriously (wounded) in the accident.AdamagedBinjuredCdestroyedDdevastated 2.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).AangryBhurtCtroubledDstimulating 3.He took us to an au

2、tomobile (show) yesterday afternoon.AdesignBperformanceCraceDexhibition 4.They joined the army (willingly).AintentionallyBconsciouslyCvoluntarilyDreluctantly 5.His new girlfriend (omitted)to tell him that she was married.AforgotBresistedCdeletedDleft out 6.The students had a lot of trouble (concentr

3、ating) on their study because of the noise from the construction outside.AfocusingBcarrying outCpaying forDcontinuing with 7.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.AchangeBdevelopCshortenDenlarge 8.The train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.AslowBnoisyCsuddenDjumpy 9.His plan should

4、 succeed for it seems quite (feasible).AcompleteBpossibleCdaringDdecisive 10.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.AchargesBconditionsCweatherDdangers 11.The government would not dare to (impose) taxes on such necessities as bread or milk.AcutBforceCoccurDcharge 12.She

5、(longed) to be envied and sought after.AhopedBwantedCwas eagerDwished 13.A central objective of the developed country was to (alleviate) the problems of the urban poor.AlessenBidentifyCovercomeDregulate 14.Is the clock in the tower (accurate)AcorrectBnewColdDwrong 15.Americans Decrease Increasingly,

6、 historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity(不同) between the indigenous (本土的) population of America in 1492new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native

7、 Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous(险峻的) decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil (处女地) epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemi

8、cs are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically(免疫学的) almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladie

9、s(病)small pox, measles(麻疹) ,malaria(疟病), yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous (可怕的) epidemics and steep population decl

10、ines, confirmed in many cases by recent equantitative analyses of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep cont

11、inuous records until the seventieth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore , the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than enslaving them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range

12、of colonists direct observation. Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the indigenous population. In 16161619 an epidemic, possibly of bubonic or pneumonic (肺的) plague (瘟疫), swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. Durin

13、g the 1630s small-pox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820s fever devastated the people of the Coulumbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them. Unfortunately, the documentation of these and

14、other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay. Quebec, affected 99 percent of th

15、e population and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have devastating consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community.The primary purpose of the passage is to _

16、.Arefute a common misconceptionBprovide support for hypothesisCanalyze an argumentDsuggest a solution to a dilemma 16.Ice Cream For Dogs1. Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy feeding it to their pets(宠物). Market studies show that two-thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to their dog

17、s. Unfortunately, says William Tyznik, an expert on animal nutrition(营养)at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. It has milk sugar in it, he says, which dogs cannot digest very well. 2. Bothered by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to please their companions, Tyzn

18、ik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much fun to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product (副产品) of cheese and milk with the sugar removed. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins

19、 and minerals. It took Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz)and another dog food (named Tizbits), three years to perfect the Frosty Paws formulas, and two attempts to commercialize it. After losing B 25, 000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Asso

20、ciated Ice Cream of Westervile, Ohio, which makes the product and packages it in cups.3. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested extensively and that dogs love it. Of 1,400 dogs that have been offered the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first try. Three out of four preferred it to

21、 Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be available in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in packs of three or four cups, costing between 6 1. 79.4. What would happen if a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream Nothing, says Tyznik. Its harmless, but frankly, he says,

22、 it wont taste very good.A. The price of Frosty PawsB. No harm to humanC. The creation of a new kind of ice cream for dogsD. Harm to humanE. Feeding ice-creams to dogsF. Attraction to dogsPara 1 17.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.AdisturbedBdestroyedCendangeredDinte

23、rested 18.Dyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder2 called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way . One of the worlds great thinkers

24、 and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do . He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 yea

25、rs ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain the part that controls language is larger than the right side. I

26、n persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but som

27、e scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they oft

28、en show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 19.Cigars Instead Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily c

29、igars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the ri

30、sk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a lar

31、ge cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country, said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cance

32、r Institute, in a statement. The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases, he added. In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and

33、 may be addictive. To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advices is dont. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks, warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release

34、, there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but . a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_.Aincreases the risk of oral cancer f

35、or non-smokers.Bgreatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.Cincreases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.Dgready increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers. 20.Language When most of us think about language, we think first about words. Thus, the hardest part of le

36、arning a foreign language may seem to be memorizing vocabulary; when we observe a child first acquiring speech, we talk of his progress a matter of learning new words. We are also to feel that the adult speaker with the largest vocabulary has the best of English. To think a language as just a stock

37、of words is , quite wrong. Words alone do not a language; a grammar is to combine them in some intelligible way. Moreover, words are relatively easy to learn, and indeed all of us go learning them all our . They are also the stable part of language. Words come into , change their pronunciations and

38、meanings, and disappear completely all with comparative ease. Yet it is true that the is focus of language. It is in words sounds and meanings interlock to allow us to with one another, and it is words that we arrange together to make sentences, conversations and discourse of all kinds. Thus we have

39、 a paradox in that the most short-lived part of language is also the centre where meaning, pronunciation, and grammar come together.AitsBaCourDsome 21.On Antibodies Substances foreign to the body, such as disease-causing bacteria and viruses and other infectious agents, are recognized by the body s

40、immune system as invaders. Our natural defenses against these infectious agents are antibodies, proteins that seek out the antigens (抗原) and help destroy them. Antibodies have two very useful characteristics. First, they are extremely specific; that is, each antibody binds to and attacks one particu

41、lar antigen. Second, some antibodies, once activated by the occurrence of a disease, continue to confer resistance against that disease. Classic example are the antibodies to the childhood diseases of chickenpox(水痘) and measles. The second characteristic of antibodies makes it possible to develop va

42、ccines. A vaccine (痘苗) is a preparation of killed or weakened bacteria or viruses that, when introduced into the body, stimulates the production of antibodies against the antigens it contains. It is the first trait of antibodies, their specificity, that makes monoclonal antibody technology so valuab

43、le. Not only can antibodies be used therapeutically(在治疗上), to protect against disease; they can also help to .diagnose a wide variety of illnesses, and can detect the presence of drugs, viral and bacterial products, and other unusual or abnormal substances in the blood. Given such a diversity of use

44、s for these diseased-fighting substances, their production in pure quantities has long been the focus of scientific investigation. The conventional method was to inject a laboratory animal with an antigen and then, after antibodies had been formed, collect those antibodies from the blood serum(血清) (

45、Antibody containing blood serum is called antiserum (抗血清). There are two problems with this method: It yields antiserum that contains undesired substances, and it provides a very small amount of usable antibody. Monoclonal antibody technology allows us to produce large amounts of pure antibodies. in

46、 the following way: we can obtain cells that produce antibodies naturally; we also have available a class of cells that can grow continually in cell culture (培养). If we form a hybrid (混血儿) that combines the characteristic of immortality(永生)with the ability to produce the desired substance, we would

47、have, in effect, a factory to produce antibodies that work around the clock. In monoclonal antibody technology, tumor cells that can replicate (重复) endlessly are fused with mammalian cells that produce an antibody. The result of this cell fusion is a hybridoma (杂交瘤), which will continually produce antibodies. These antibodies are called monoclonal because they come from only one type of cell, the hybridoma cell; antibodies produced by conventional methods, on