初中定语从句课件讲解.ppt

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1、 平川二中平川二中 贾成祥贾成祥 什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。的从句叫定语从句。结构：结构： 先行词先行词 + 关系词关系词 + 句子句子 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词先行词_ 关系词关系词_ 定语从句定语从句关系词关系词关系代词关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词关系副词: when, where, why关系代词：关系代词： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/宾格宾格) th

2、at whom（宾格）（宾格）Match the sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that

3、 teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?关系代词关系代词that, which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which. (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come tru

4、e.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practise: 1.This is the house which is for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which / that 作主语作主语. (不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which / that 作宾语作宾语 ： （可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is th

5、e card which / that Ive just received.Practise:1.This is the mistake which /that I always make.2. I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.3. I lost the pen which my father bought me.( ) （作宾语）（作宾语）关系代词关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who, that (作作主

6、语主语或或宾语宾语)whom (作作宾语宾语)who / that 作主语作主语. (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语作主语)1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.2. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?3. The girl who is waterin

7、g the flowers is my cousin./ thatwho / whom / that 作宾语：作宾语：( 可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）作宾语）1.The boy who(m) I m looking for is my friend.2. The thief has been sent to prison. The police

8、caught the thief last night. The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小结：小结： that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 which指物，作主语，不能省略；作指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略宾语，可以省略. who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主

9、语时,定语定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用有时只能用 that , 不用不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions

10、 that the teacher asked.2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3. 当先行词有当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修等修饰时。饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he

11、used.4. 当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用 that, 而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.whose 作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。 The boy is

12、my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿孤儿).A. who B. whose C. whos D. which 例句赏析例句赏析Its an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .飘飘Its a book that/which was written by Margar

13、et Mitchell. Gone with the windIts the Wall that /which was built by Chinese people.Its an animal that/which.Its an animal that / which has big nose.Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _

14、talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the p

15、eople and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. 1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, noth

16、ing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时

17、，关系代词只能用that.thatthat关系副词：关系副词：when/ where/why when 作时间状语作时间状语:She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.Whe

18、n = 介词介词 + which where 作地点状语作地点状语I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介词介词 + whichwhy 作原因状语作原因状语, 其先行词常常是其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for which) Im late.I know

19、the reason why he said it.why = for whichExercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A. which B. when C. that D. on that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan. which B. what C. why D. for that 3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. when C. that D. on that 4

20、. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that挑战高难度！挑战高难度！ 1. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that 2. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year? A. which B.where C.what D. why 3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now. A. which B.where C.what D.that 4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now. A. that B.where C.what D. why 5.He told her the reason_ why he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her. A. why; why B. why; which C. that; why D. which; why