九种状语从句详解以及专项练习.pdf

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1、状语从句能力要求:了解状语从句的分类情况及各类状语从句中经常使用的连词；能够在真实的语境中断定从句与主句的逻辑关系， 从而使用恰当的连词完成交际；能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法差异。一、时间状语从句1. when, while 和 as1) when 既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.当 when 引出的时间状语从句为系表

2、结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以那个以as 引出的省略句，来代替 when 引导的从句：As a young man ( = when he was a young man ), he was fond of hunting.2) while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.3) as 引导一个持续动作，多用于主句动作

3、和从句动作同时发生：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.John sings as he works.4) when 还可用作并列连词，其意义为at this / that time, 常用于下列句式：be doing sth. when /be about to do sth. when /had ( just ) sth. when 此外，when 还可表示原因“既然”：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.

4、How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?5) while 作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比：Mom was cooking in the kitchen while dad was watching TV in the sitting room.He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.6) 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when 、while 和 as 可以互相换用：When / While / As I

5、 was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.while 必须与延续性动词连用；强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时，只能用while；表示“随着”只能用 as； 表示有规律的“每当”时或主从句动作有先后时，只能用when.The plane had left when we got to the airport.( 不用 while)As time passed, the event became more and more popular. (不用 while 或 when )When winter c

6、omes, it becomes cold.( 每当， 不用 as 或 while )When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. ( 不用 while 或 as )2. as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, the second, once ( 一旦就)nosooner than, hardly / scarcely when 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生， 主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一就”. 从句中用一般时态代替将来时态：Th

7、e moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.Once you remember it, you will never forget it.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.最后三个句式中，no sooner 与 hardly / scarcely 引导的主句谓语动词要用过去完成时，而than 与 when 的从句中要用一般过去时，此外，当把

8、no sooner 与 hardly / scarcely 提到句首时，应用倒装语序：I had hardly got home when it began to rain. = Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.On + v-ing ( hearing, seeing, returning等) 或 n.( arrival, return 等) 也等于 as soon as.3. till, until 和 not until1) 肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为 “某动作一直延续到某点时间才停止”：He r

9、emained there until / till she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stops.2) 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句肯定式，意为 “某动作知道某时间才开始”。He wont go to bed until / till she returns.3) till 不可以放在句首，而 until 可以：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4) not until 句型中的强调和倒装用法：It was not until you told me that I had any

10、 idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.4. before 和 since1) 若表达“还未就” “不到就” “ 才” “趁还没来得及”时，需用连词 before:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在还

11、没忘记把它记下来。Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 他们（还没）到火车站前，火车已经开走了。2）It will be + 一段时间 before sb. does sth. 多久之后才It wont be + 一段时间 before sb. does sth. 过不多久就It will be half a year before I come back.It wont be long be

12、fore we meet again.3) since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。Since 从句的时态是一般过去时，主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。I have written home four times since I came here.She has been working in this factory since she left school.4) 在 It is + 一段时间 + since 从句句型中，如果谓语动词是延续性的，时间从动作结束时算起；如果从句的谓语动词是非延续性的，时间从动作开始时算起：It

13、is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发有三年了。It is three years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有三年了。It is three years since she lived here. 他不在这住有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不吸烟有三年了。It is three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。5. every time, each time, next time, the fi

14、rst time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当, 每次, 下次” :Each / Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.The last time she saw Jane, she was lying in bed.The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.You are welc

15、ome to come back any time you want.二、地点状语从句1. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where 和 wherever. 指具体地点时， 从句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前：We should go where we are needed most.Where there is a will there is a way.Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.2. 注意区分 where 引导的定语从句与状语从句：Youd better make a mark where you hav

16、e any questions.Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.三、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that1. because 语气最强，在下列情况下必须用because: 1) 回到 why 提出的问题；2）引导表语从句；3）用在强调原因状语从句的强调句中；4）从属连词前有 only, just, simply修饰。He didnt speak to you. It was because he didnt recognize you

17、.You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you.2. since 和 as 引导的从句强调的是结果，不强调原因，因此它们引导的从句通常在主句前。Since 在语气上比 as 强，表示自然的因果关系，相当于“既然”的意思。As 常用于讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉，不需要突出。 Now that 的意义和用法和 since 相同，其中that 可以省去。Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, youd better give him a chance.Sin

18、ce the two children were brought up in the south, they have never seen snow.As it was getting late, we had to go home.As he didnt know much English, he often took a dictionary with him.Now (that ) you are free today, you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.3. for 虽然常翻译成“因为”，但它并不是一个从属连词而是一个并

19、列连词，不是用来说明一种原因，而是用来表示一种附带，或补充解释，或说明，或表示一种推理，它引导的句子不能放在句首，前面有逗号隔开。We must start early, for we have a long way to go.He must have done it by himself, for there was no one else in the room.四、目的状语从句1. in order that 与 so that引导的从句中需用情态动词， in order that 比 so that 正式， 引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而 so that 引导的从句只能放在主

20、句之后：Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.2. for fear that, in case引导的状语从句中谓语动词要用（should ）+ 动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于sothat not或 in order that not .The boy hid himself behind the tree in case / for fear that his father should se

21、e him.Take your raincoat in case it should rain.五、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that, so that , such that 1. 其结构形式为：so +形容词 / 副词+ that 从句so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数+ that 从句so + many / much / few / little + 名词+ that 从句such + a/an + 形容词+ 可数名词单数+ that 从句such + 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不可数名词 + that 从句such + a lot of / lots

22、of + 名词 + that 从句It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.2. 非正式语体中，由 so / such . that 引导的从句中 that 可以省略3. 当 so 或 such 位于句首时，主语要用倒装语序：So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.4. 除结果状语从句外，tooto, enough to , so as to 等结构也可表示结果。六、条件状语从句引导条

23、件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, so /as long as, in case ( 万一)， suppose /supposing, on condition that, provided that 等。Supposing / Suppose ( that ) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?In case there is a fire, what will you do first?Ill go, provided that you go too.七、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as i

24、f, as though.方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if 或 as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现， 也可用陈述语气。Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.八、让步状语从句1. although / though, even though / even ifalthough 与 though 一般可互换，都可以与 yet, still

25、 或 nevertheless 连用，但不能和 but 连用。Though 还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come; he didnt, though.Even if / though it is raining, well go.Even if I were busy, I would go. ( 虚拟语气)2. as 引导的让步状语从句必须倒装从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。Child as he is, he knows a lot.Much as I like it I wont buy it, fo

26、r its too expensive.Try as he might, he could not find a job.Though 引导的从句也可以像 as 引导的从句一样用倒装语序， 但 although 只能用正常语序。3. whether or ( 不管还是 ), 疑问词+ever 与 no matter + 疑问词（不管, 无论）Whether you believe it or not, it is true.Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, he wont believe you.Whoever ( = No matter who )

27、 you are, you must obey the rules.九、比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有asas, not as / so as, than , the more the more 比较从句部分常是省略句。I know you better than he does.He is not as / so tall as you ( are ).I dont get up so / as early as you ( do ). /He is taller than I /me.The more we can do for you, the happier we will be

28、.状语从句中的省略现象：1. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.2. While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.3. Pressure can be reduced when needed.4. I prefer my milk a little sweetened whenever possible.5. As a young man, Abraham Lincoln was storekeeper and a postmaster.6. He often makes mistakes

29、when speaking English.7. She always sings while doing her work.8. If so, you must go back and get it.9. If in need, dont hesitate to ask me for help.10. The girl never gave in unless wrong.11. Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.12. Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep.13. She stood at

30、 the gate as if waiting for someone.14. The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though angry.15. The inspector looked around, as if in search of something.16. Though cold, he still wore a shirt.状语从句练习一、填入所需的关联词或并列连词：1. Mr. Smith has learned some Chinese _ he came to Shenzhen.2. If you work

31、 with a strong will, you will overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.3. A new school was built _ there had once been a wasteland.4. _ youve got such a golden chance, why not make the best of it?5. A whole month had passed _ she fully recovered.6. I was having dinner _ I heard a knock at the door.7.

32、I heard a knock at the door _ I was having dinner.8. _ there were no buses, we had to walk home.9. _ the day went by, the weather got worse.10. _ I like Chinese food, I wont visit that restaurant today. Id like to try a different one.11. Youll succeed in the end _ you give up halfway.12. Tom didnt g

33、o to bed _ his mother came back from work.13. The baby may be saved _ he is sent to hospital in no time.14. I found all the doors open and everything in disorder _ I arrived home.15. I didnt know what happened. He had rushed out of the room _ I could ask him.16. Please keep reading the poem _ you ha

34、ve remembered it.17. It was not yet 7 oclock _ he came back.18. Can you imagine how long it will be _ a new drug is invented for AIDS?19. _ you understand the rule, you will have no further difficulty.20. Sitting for the examination, some intended to copy from oth ers _ they didnt knowthe answers.21

35、. _ staying in the country, he collected a lot of folk tales.22. He wouldnt listen to me, _ I said.23. _ he goes, the thief cant escape being caught.24. The baby must feel uncomfortable _ it was crying again.25. It was hard work. I enjoy it, _ .26. _ I am unhappy, he cheers me up.27. I had no sooner

36、 gone into the classroom _ the bell rang.28. _ you want to get fired, I suggest you stop wearing sport clothes in the office.29. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard the voices.30. The class went on with the story _ they had left it before the holiday.31. Would you li

37、ke to have a break _ shall we go on with the work?32. We called the first-aid center _ the traffic accident happened.33. The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.- I had told you it would easily break _ it was the weakest.34. The lady will have to wait all day _ the doctor words faster.35. I hes

38、itate to ask you, _ will you lend me some money?36. Mrs Smith is looking forward as much to your return _ you yourself to visiting her.37. She no longer talked and laughed _ she used to.38. _ its all the same, I think I should prefer to go on Friday.39. This photo of mine was taken _stood the famous

39、 high tower.40. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _ left untreated.41. You must be firm _ you think yourself to be right.42. The next moment, _ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit on thehead.43. He will be tired when we see him tomorrow _ hes been working all

40、night.44. Excuse me. Did you notice whether the No.108 bus had gone by?- Not _ Ive been standing here.二、写作：【写作内容】假设你是李明，你的网友Jack 来信，他想当2010 年广州亚运会的志愿者，但他不知道广州的状况。请你根据下列要点给他回信，欢迎他到广州当志愿者。主要内容如下：1. 自从广州成功申办亚运会以来，我国政府采取积极措施改善环境。2. 当你来到广州时，你会发现广州有很多摩天大楼和工厂，但是你仍然感觉得到空气的清新。3. 尽管车辆非常多，但是交通比以前顺畅多了。4. 有很多像你这样的外国志愿者到广州来，因为他们觉得广州是一座值得他们服务的大城市。5. 如果我们每一个到广州来的人都自觉遵守秩序，广州将会变得更吸引人。【写作要求】1. 只能使用 5 个句子表达全部内容，信的开头已为你写好，不计入总句数。2. 尽可能多使用状语从句。Dear Jack,Let me tell you something about Guangzhou.