选修八unit1知识点.pdf

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1、.选修八选修八Unit 1 A land of diversityUnit 1 A land of diversity单元要点预览单元要点预览旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点词语辨析1. means / way / method2. percent / percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear4. hire / employ / rent1. elect vt.选举，推举；选election n.选举，推举， elective adj.可任意选择 vi. 进行选举， 作出选择当选择的 n.选修科目2.immigrate vi. 移入immig

2、ration n. 移民入境immigrant n.移民， 侨民racism n. 种族歧视， 种族偏见；种族主义词形3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种racial adj. 人种的，种变化v. 参赛族的4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的词汇部分5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚apparently adv. 显然，表面上地punish vt. 惩罚，处罚1. majority n.大多数；大半2. applicant n. 申请人重点3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在单词4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明5. slip vi. 滑动；滑

3、行；滑跤n. 滑倒；小过失；失误6. insert vt.插入，嵌入1. live on 继续生活或存在2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗 传统等；使某人不能去睡觉重点4. team up with与某人一起工作尤指为一共同目标 ；合作词组5.mark out 划线标出界线6.take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗7. a great/good many 相当多，很多重点句子重点语法1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest

4、population.2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, noone really knows.名词性从句见语法部分语言要点模块语言要点模块. .词语辨析词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1. means / way / method解释means “方法、方式、工具，着重于具体的手段。 单复数相同way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法，也可以指抽象概念“条理。短语搭配：做的方法：a way to

5、 do sth.a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用这种些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means ；用方法，借助：bymeans of. 无论如何： by all means； 一点也不， 决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ： by no means；by the way 顺便问一下；on one s way to在去的路上；in the way 挡住路.练习用 means，way，method 填空。1). These vegetables can be cooked in diffe

6、rent _.2). Only in this _ can you find out the truth.3). By this _ I get in touch with him.4). We express our thoughts by _ of words.5). _ _ _ shall I lend him money!6). The methods of _ (teach) need _ (improve).Keys: 1). ways2). way3). means4). means5). By no means6). teaching; improving / to be im

7、proved2. percent / percentage解释percent 表示“百分之，相当于“，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。percentage 表示“百分比；百分率，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high，low 等修饰。练习用 percent，percentage 填空。1). I am a hundred _ in agreement with you.2). This company only supply 30 _ of what we need.3). The numbers are small, in _ terms, but significant.4). There use

8、d to be a high _ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year.Keys: 1). percent2). percent3). percentage4). percentage what percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear解释obvious 意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物。apparent 意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此。evident 意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显。clear 意为“不存在使人迷

9、惑或使问题复杂化的因素。练习用 obvious，apparent，evident，clear 填空。1). It was an _ mistake for him to have gone alone.2). The situation is _ to everyone.3). It was becoming increasingly _ that he disliked me.4). The applause made it _ that the play was a hit.Keys: 1). obvious2). clear3). apparent4). evident4. hire /

10、 employ / rent解释hire 是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有 “花钱使用某物和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，acamera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting等，指人时，有“雇用、“受雇两种含义。employ 较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事常用于 be employed in sth./ doing sth. 短语中。 注：要弄清 employ 几个

11、名词的用法：employee (雇工，雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，employment (就业，雇用)。rent 一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用之意； 多指用于长时间的场合。 如： rent a house，a flat，a TV 等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费。练习用 hire，employ，rent 填空。1). Our house has been _ by a newly-married couple.2). It s important to _ proper words in writing poem

12、.3). They _ _ in writing when I came.4). They _ out boats by the hour.5). We _ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.Keys: 1). rented2). employ3). were employed4). hire5). hired. .词性变化词性变化 旨在提供语法填空所需材料1. elect vt.选举，推举；选election n.选举，推举，当选择 vi. 进行选举， 作出选择2.immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移民入境3. r

13、ace n.赛跑；竞争；人种 racial adj. 人种的，种族的v. 参赛4. apparent adj. 显然的， 明白的，表面上的5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚apparently adv. 显然，表面上地punish vt. 惩罚，处罚elective adj.可任意选择的 n.选修科目immigrant n.移民，侨民racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义练习用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In America, presidential _ (elect) are held every four years.2). They deserve to _

14、 (punish) for putting passengers at risk.3). She had to tidy the classroom as _ (punish) for being late.4). She was the daughter of Chinese _ (immigrate) to America.5). There was a sudden increase _ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe.6). He is a victim of _ (race) discrimination.7). She turned to fa

15、ce him, her anger _ (apparent) gone.8). Their motives, as will soon become_ (apparently), are completely selfish.Keys:1). elections2). be punished 3). punishment4). immigrants5). immigration6). racial7). apparently8). apparent. .重点词汇重点词汇旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料1.majority n.大多数；大半major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻(反义

16、词 minority 少数；少数民族)典例1). A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。2).The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。重点用法be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a majority over sb 超过对方的票数2. applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请(书)；应用；用途 apply v. 申

17、请；运用，适用典例1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有 250 人申请这份工作。2).As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job.因为工资低, 没有什麽人申请这份工作。重点用法apply for.申请apply to.适用fill in the application form for sth. 填写申请表练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Successful _ (apply) will receive notification within the

18、 week.2). This rule can t be applied _(介词) every case.3). You should _ _( 申请) the job immediately, in person or by letter.4). The question in the second half of the form _ _ (适用) married men only.Keys: 1). applicants2). to3). apply for4). apply to3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在典例1). The tragedy occurred only

19、minutes after take-off. 这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。2). Didn t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?重点用法occur to.(主意) 浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起； 某人想到4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明 indication n. 指出；表明 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的典例1). I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他握姐姐在哪，他指指对面的

20、商店。2). Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明男人感到比女人更容易戒烟。重点用法indicate sth (to sb) 指示；指出；标示 indicate that/wh-表示；示意练习 根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。1). The government has _ (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.2). A flashing red light _ (标示) that a stretch of road was undergo

21、ing repairs.3). There is every _ (indicate) of a change in the weather.Keys: 1). indicated2). indicated3). indication5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑倒；小过失；失误slippery adj. 滑溜的典例1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的脚一滑，差点跌到。2). She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。重点用法let slip

22、. 错过；无意中说出let sth. slip through your fingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)a slip of the tongue 口误练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). She _ _ (无意中说出) that she was intending to leave the company.2). As the years _ by, I thought more and more about him.3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and _ (slip).Keys: 1). let slip

23、2). slipped3). slippery6. insert vt. 插入，嵌入典例He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。重点用法insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间. .重点词组重点词组旨在提供综合运用所需材料1. live on 继续生活或存在典例She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死後她继续活了多年。 短语归纳短语归纳 live live 短语：短语：live on sth 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活l

24、ive by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live for sth 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth 经历某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同 live a. life 过着的生活live with sth 接受或容忍某现象live to be. = live to the age of. 活到岁live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live 短语。1). The lonely old man _ _ charity.2). Mozart is dead but his music

25、_ _.3). My grandfather _ _ both world wars.4). We should work hard and try to _ _ _ our parents expectations.5). The brave girl is learning to _ _ her disability.Keys: 1). live on2). lives on3). lived through4). live up to5). live with2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等典例They settled down in Canada and mad

26、e a life for themselves.他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。 短语归纳短语归纳 life life 短语：短语：.bring sb/sth (back) to life 给某人/事物的活力；使复活lay down one s life (for sb/sth) 为献身；牺牲生命lead a dog s life 过狗一般的生活长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤make one s way in life 在生活中有所成就take one s (own) life: commit suicide 自杀put an end to one s life: kill oneself 自杀

27、take sb s life: kill sb 取某人性命a/sb s way of life某人的或某些人的生活方式end one s days/life (in sth)处於某状况下或在某处度过余生练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1). He laid down his life _ the cause of freedom.2). They interview people from _ _ _ _ (各行各业的人).3). She adapted easily to the French _ _ _ (生活方式).Keys: 1). for2). all walks

28、of life3). way of life3. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉典例1). You re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色, 要坚持下去!2). I do hope we re not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。 短语归纳短语归纳 keep keep 短语：短语：keep up with sb/sth. 跟上某人/某事物 ； 、跟上形势keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事物；重复做某事物keep away fro

29、m使某人/事物不靠近某人/事物keep sb back from sb/sth使某人与某人/事物保持距离keep sth. back 阻止某事物keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人不能做某事物keep sth from sb 不将某事告诉某人keep off (sb/sth) 不接近或不接触某人/事物keep sb/sth out (of sth) 不让某人/物进入某处keep in touch with 保持与某人的联系keep fit 保持健康练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). The high cost of raw mater

30、ials is keeping prices _ (副词).2). She likes to keep up _ (介词) the latest fashions.3). The house is becoming too expensive for them to _ _ (维修).4). We should try to _ _(沿袭) our old customs.5). Police warned bystanders to _ _(不靠近) the blazing building.6). I think we ought to _ _ _ _ (不把实情告诉他) until he

31、 sbetter.Keys: 1). up2). with3). keep up4). keep up5). keep away from6). keepthe truth from him4.team up with与某人一起工作尤指为一共同目标 ；合作典例The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。5. mark out 划线标出界线典例Please mark out the sentences that you don t understand with a red pen. 请

32、用红笔标出你不懂的句子。重点用法be marked with. 标记着练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). I ve lost a case_ _ (标记着) “IX on its back.2). She carefully _ _ (划线标出) the important phrases and sentence patterns.Keys: 1).marked with2).marked out6.take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗典例1). The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生发现你的课很好懂。2

33、).He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方可以睡，我们于是就提出让他留宿。 短语归纳短语归纳 take take 短语：短语：take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等)take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使回忆起昔日take care of 照料，保管take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理take medicine 服药take it easy 别紧 X，慢慢来take over 继承，接收，接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞take

34、on 承担，从事；呈现take one s place入座；代替某人的位置take one s time不急，慢慢干.7. a great/good many相当多，很多典例It all happened a good many years ago. 这发生在很多年前。重点用法a great/good manya large number ofscores ofdozens ofmany/few修饰可数名词复数many a修饰可数名词单数a good/great deal ofa large/great amount of修饰不可数名词large amounts ofmuch / little

35、 / a little可数名词复数/不可数名词a lot of = lots ofplenty ofa large/great quantity of = quantities ofa supply of = supplies of练习 根据句子的要求翻译。1). I ve known her for_ _ _ (很多) years.2). I imagine if one day I had _ _ _ _ (很多) money, I would gotraveling round the world.Keys: 1). a great/good many2). a good/great d

36、eal of 或 a large/great amount of. .重点句子重点句子 旨在提供句子结构等所需材料1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。解释 形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以与by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite 等词修饰。2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California,

37、no one really knows.没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。解释 what we now know as California是一个由 what 引导的名词性从句， 做 arrive in 的宾语,what 是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s)that取代的，应该用 what。.注意 1：名词性从句中what 与 that 的区别：that 在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what必须起句子成分的作用。注意2： 名词性从句中what与which的区别： 指代前文已经提到过

38、的对象或X围时， 用which，否则用 what。What he said sounds reasonable. (what作 said 的宾语)That our team has won the game has been proved. (That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用)There are many books available. I don t know which to read. (which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)What book do you want to buy ? (前文没有提与买什么书或哪一类书).练习 根据句子的意思填词。1). This is_ he wanted.2).This is the thing _ he wanted.3). She is no longer _ she used to be.4). She is no longer the person _ she used to be.Keys: 1). what2). that3). what4). that.