新视野大学英语读写教程第三版第二册1-5单元-A课文及翻译.pdf

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1、unit 1unit 1An IMPRESSIVE English lesson 一堂难忘的英语课 1. If I am the only parent who still corrects his childs English, then perhaps my son isright. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a manabsorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to.如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩

2、英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。 对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。2. I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former students, fresh from an excursion to Europe .“How was it” I asked, full of earnestanticipation.我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。 我满

3、怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”3. She nodded three or four times searched the heavens for the right words, andthen exclaimed, it was like, whoa!她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”4. And that was it. The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in condensed non-statement. My studen

4、t “whoa” was exceeded only bymy head-shaking distress.没了。 所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！ 我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。5. There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English. Surely students should be able to distinguish between their/there/theyre on the distinct

5、ive difference between complimentary and complementary. They unfairly bear thebulk of the criticism for these knowledge deficits because there is a sense that they should know better.关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。 学生的确本应该能够区分诸如 their/there/theyre 之间的不同，或区别 complimentary 跟 complementary之间显而易见的差异。 由于这些知识缺陷

6、，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6. Students are not dump, but they are being misled everywhere they look and listen.For example, signs in grocery stores point them to the stationary, even though the actual stationery items-pads, albums and notebooks-are not nailed down. Friends and loved ones of

7、ten proclaim theyve just ate when, in fact, theyve just eaten. Therefore, it doesnt make any sense to criticize our students学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。 举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向 stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的 stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。 朋友和亲人常宣称 Theyve justate。实际上，他们应该说 Theyve just eaten。 因此，批评学生不合乎情理。7. B

8、lame for the scandal of this language deficit should be thrust upon our schools, which should be setting high standards of English language proficiency. Instead they only teach a little grammar and even less advanced vocabulary. Moreover, the younger teachers themselves evidently have little knowled

9、ge of these vital structures of languagebecause they also went without exposure to them. Schools fail to adequately teach the essential framework of language, accurate grammar and proper vocabulary, while they should take the responsibility of pushing the young onto the path of competent communicati

10、on.对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。 可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。 还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。 学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架准确的语法和恰当的词汇充分地传授给学生。 8. Since grammar is boring to most of the young students I think that it must be handled delicately, step by step. The chance

11、came when one day I was driving with my son.As we set out on our trip, he noticed a bird in jerky flight and said, “Its flying so unsteady. I carefully asked, my son, how is the bird flying? “Whats wrong? Did I say anythingincorrectly?” He got lost. “Great! You said incorrectly instead of incorrect.

12、 We use adverbs to describe verbs. Therefore, its flying so unsteadily but not so unsteady.”因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。 有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。 我们出发时，他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。”（Its flying so unsteady.） 我小心翼翼地问：“儿子，鸟怎么飞?” “有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did I say anythingincorrectly?） ” 他一头雾水。 “太好了， 你说的是 incor

13、rectly 而不是 incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用 unsteadily 来描述鸟飞 ，而不是 unsteady。”9. Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was. Slowly, I said, “its aword that tells you something about a verb.” It led to his asking me what a verb was. Iexplained, “Verbs are action words; for example, Dad driv

14、es the truck. Drive is the verb because its the thing Dad is doing.”他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。 我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修饰动词的词。” 这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。 我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。开是动词，因为它是爸爸在做的事。”10. He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more: fly, swim, dive, run. Then, out of his own curiosity,

15、he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions. This led it a discussion of nouns, adjectives, and article. Within the span of a 10 - minute drive, he had learned from scratch to the major parts of speech in a sentence. It was painless learning and great fun!他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了

16、几个动词：“飞行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。 然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的名称。 这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。 在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。 这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。 11. Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map (check grammar) and tune up the car engine (adjust

17、 vocabulary).Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with a road map in awell-conditioned car.也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语法）和调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。 学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。12. The road map provides the framework and guidance you need for your trip, but itwont tell you exac

18、tly what trees or flowers you will see, what kind of people you will encounter, or what types of feelings you will be experiencing on your journey. Here, the vocabulary makes the journey true colors come alive!A good vocabulary enable you to enjoy whatever you see as you drive along. Equipped with g

19、rammar and a good vocabulary, you have flexibility and excellent control. While the road map guides your journey to your destination, an excellent vehicle helps you to fully enjoy all of the sights, sounds and experiences along the way.路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南，可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看见什么树或什么花，你会遇见什么样的人，或会有什么样

20、的感受。 这里，词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。 大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点滴滴。 借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。对学生来说，有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件，可是学校并没有教他们这些。13. Effective, precise and beneficial communication depends upon grammar and a goodvocabulary the two essential assets for students,

21、 but they are not being taught in schools.对学生来说，有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件，可是学校并没有教他们这些。14. Just this morning, my son and I were eating breakfast when I attempted to add milkto my tea. “Dad,” he said, “If I were you, I wouldnt do that. Its sour.” 就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。 “爸爸，” 他说，“如果我是你的话，我不

22、会这样做。牛奶会变酸。 （If I were you, I wouldnt do that. Its sour.） ”15. “Oh my!” I said, swelling with pride toward my son, “thats a grammatically perfect sentence. You used were instead of was.” “哦，上帝！” 我满怀着无比的骄傲说道，“这是一句语法完全正确的句子。你用了 were 而不是 was。”16. “I know, I know, “he said with a long agreeable sigh. “I

23、ts the subjunctive mood.”“我知道，我知道，”他愉悦地舒了口气，“这是虚拟语气！”17. I was like, whoa!这下轮到我“哇！”了。unit 2Text A课文 AThe humanities: Out of date?人文学科：过时了吗？1When the going gets tough, the tough takeaccounting. When the job market worsens,manystudents calculatecalculate they cant major in English orhistory. They have

24、 to study something that boosts their prospectsprospects of landing a job.当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。2The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition,they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward appl

25、ied science andhardskills that they bet will lead to employment. In other words, a college education is more andmore seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for humanbetterment.This is a trendtrend that is likely to persist and even accelerateaccelerate.数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人

26、文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。3Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probably continue theirlong slideslide in succession. There already has been a nearly 50 percent declinedecline in theportionportion ofliberalliberal

27、 arts majors over the past generation, and it is logicallogical to think that thetrendtrend is boundto continue or even accelerateaccelerate. Once the dominantdominant pillars of university life, the humanities nowplay little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vi

28、vidvivid and compellingcompelling than libraries.在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。在上一代大学生中，主修文科的学生数跌幅已近 50%。这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，而今在学生们参观校园的时候，却只是一个小点缀。现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。4Here, please allow me to stand up for and promotepromote the true value that the humanities add topeople

29、s lives.在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。5Since ancient times, people have speculated aboutthe mysterymystery of those inner forces thatdrive somepeople to greatness and others to self-destructiondestruction.This inner drive has been called many things over thecenturies. The famous psychologistpsy

30、chologist, SigmundFreud, called it the unconsciousunconscious mind or, morefamiliarly, instinctinstinct.自古以来，人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大，而使另一些人走向自我毁灭。几个世纪以来，这股内力被称作很多东西。著名的心理学家西格蒙德弗洛伊德称之为“潜意识”，或更为人熟知的“本能”。6From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be construc

31、onstructivectiveor destructivedestructive, has captured our imagination. The stories of this amazing struggle have formedthe basis of cultures the world over. Historians, architects, authors, philosophers and artistshave captured the words, images and meanings of this inner struggle inthe form of st

32、ory,music, mythmyth, painting, architecture, sculpturesculpture, landscapelandscape and traditions. These men andwomen developed artisticartistic languages that help us understandunderstand these aspirations and alsoeducate generations. This fertilefertile body of work from ancient times, the very f

33、oundationfoundation ofcivilization, forms the basis of study of thehumanities.从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们心驰神往。这些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。历史学家、建筑师、作家、哲学家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的形式，捕捉到了这些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”，帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。7

34、Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, wewill have a huge advantageadvantage if we can read complexcomplex ideas and understandunderstand their meaning. Wewill have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and ele

35、gantanalysiselegantanalysis of those ideas!学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。无论我们这一生中从事什么职业，如果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。如果我们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光明的职业前景。8Studying the humanities makes us familiar with thelanguage of emotion and the creativcreative e process. In aninformation economy, many people have t

36、he ability toproduceproduce a usefulproduct such as anew MP3 player.Yet, very few people have the ability to create as spectacularpectacular brandbrand: the iPod.Most importantly,studying the humanities invests us with greatinsightinsight and self-awarenessawareness, therebythereby releasing ourcrea

37、tivecreative energy and talent in a positive andconstructiveconstructive manner.学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。在信息经济中，很多人都有能力创造出一个如新的 MP3 播放器那样的有用产品。然而，仅有很少的人具有能力创造出一个如 iPod 那样的精彩品牌。最重要的是，学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和自我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。9Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the scopes

38、cope of possibilities that arewidelyopen to us. Did you know that James Cameron, world-famous directordirector of themovie,Titanic, graduated with a degree in the humanities? So did Sally Ride, the first woman in space.So did actors Bruce Lee, Gwyneth Paltrow, Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon.Dr. Haro

39、ldVarmus, who won a Nobel Prize for Medicine, studied the humanities. EvenMichael Eisner,Chairman of the Disney Company, majored in the humanities. Famous people who studied thehumanities make a long list indeed. Its easy to see that the humanities can prepare us formany different careers and jobs w

40、e can undertake, whether medicine, business, scienceorentertainmententertainment.也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是，人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。你知道世界闻名的电影泰坦尼克号的导演詹姆斯卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗？第一个登上太空的女宇航员萨利赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝帕特洛蕾妮齐薇格及马特达蒙，也都如此。获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科。甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔艾斯纳也主修人文学科。学习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串。显而易见，人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业

41、做准备，不管是医学、商务、科学或娱乐。10If we study only mathematics, its likely we will be acandidatecandidate only for jobs as a mathematician. If weinclude studying the humanities, we can makebreakthroughs on many barriers and are limitedlimited onlyby our effort and imagination.如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。如果我们还学了人

42、文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。11Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanitiesalone, we are liableliable to miss many opportunities.Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible tohelp meetthe needs of modern life. In fact, increasingly a pairing of technica

43、ltechnical knowledge and innerinsightinsight is seen as the ideal in the establishmentestablishment of a career. If I were the Dean of Admissionsat a medical school and two people applied to our school, both having the required basicscientific courses, one a philosophy major and the other solely a p

44、re-med student, the philosophy applicantapplicant would be chosen.当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。我们每个人都需要尽可能变得技能化、职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。事实上，技术知识和内在洞察力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某个医学院的招生部主任，有两个人同时申请我们学校，这两个人都学过基础的科学课程，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的预科生，我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者。12In summarysummary, the humanities help to create well-rou

45、nded human beings with insightinsight andunderstanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanityhumanity. The humanities,the ancient timeless reservoirreservoir of knowledge, teach us to see things differently and b broadenroadenour horizons. They are as useful and relevantrelevant in

46、 our modern age they have always been.Doesnt it make sense to spend some time in the company of the humanities,our outstandingoutstandingand remarkableremarkable treasure of knowledge? Who knows how famous YOU might become!总之，人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人类共有的激情、希望和理想。人文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教我们如何以不同的方式看待

47、事物，同时也拓宽我们的视野。在现代社会中，人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发挥着重要作用。我们在学习中花一些时间与人文学科我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏相伴，这难道不是明智的吗？谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！Book 2 Unit 3 Journey through the odyssey years 奥德赛岁月之旅1Most of us know about the phases of life which we label to parallel different age groups and life stages: childhood, adolescence, adulthood,

48、and old age. We think of infancy before childhood and middle age before old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. These challenges can be overcome by acquainting ourselves with them, such as the childs need to learn, the adults need to find the rightcareer and buil

49、d a family, and the seniors need for support and good health care.我们大多数人都知道，根据不同的年龄和生活阶段，人生可与此平行划分为童年、青春期、成年和老年这四个阶段。我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿期在童年之前，中年在老年之前，每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战，如孩子对学习的需要，成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个家庭的需要，以及年长者对得到帮助和良好医疗保健的需要。通过对它们的充分了解，我们就可以战胜这些挑战。2Interestingly, ideas about the stages of life are changing.有趣

50、的是，关于人生阶段的观念正在发生变化。3In previous times, people didnt have a solid idea of childhood as being separate from adulthood. A hundred years ago, no one thought of adolescence. Until recently it was understood as a norm that their induction to adulthood was completed as soon as they graduated from college.