英语五大基本句型详细讲解和练习[配答案解析].pdf

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1、20122012 届高三届高三英语五种简单句英语五种简单句（一）（一）从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词在某一句式变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词在某一句式中，下面我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类，供大家参考。中，下面我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类，供大家参考。一、一、 S(S(主主) + Vi () + Vi (不及物动词不及物动词) )（谓）（谓） Time (s) + flies (Vi) Time (s) + f

2、lies (Vi)两天过去了。两天过去了。冬天快要来了。冬天快要来了。受伤的猫死了。受伤的猫死了。发生了一宗交通事故。发生了一宗交通事故。1)1) S + Vi + adverbial (S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语副词作状语) )Birds sing beautifully.Birds sing beautifully.他高兴地离开了。他高兴地离开了。女孩安静地走了进来。女孩安静地走了进来。战争和平地结束了。战争和平地结束了。雨渐渐地停了。雨渐渐地停了。2 2）S + Vi + Prep phase (S + Vi + Prep phase (介词短语作状语介词短语作

3、状语) )He went on holiday.He went on holiday.他们会在三点钟到。他们会在三点钟到。那群孩子步行去上学。那群孩子步行去上学。3 3）S + Vi +Infinitive (S + Vi +Infinitive (不定式作状语不定式作状语) )We stopped to have a rest.We stopped to have a rest.他起得早是为了读英语。他起得早是为了读英语。他希望做医生。他希望做医生。4 4）S + Vi +Participle (S + Vi +Participle (现在分词作状语现在分词作状语) )I will go s

4、wimming.I will go swimming.我们明天一起去钓鱼。我们明天一起去钓鱼。我明天去划船。我明天去划船。昨天他们去逛街。昨天他们去逛街。20122012 届高三届高三英语五种简单句英语五种简单句（二）（二）S S（主）（主）+ Vt(+ Vt( 及物动词及物动词) ) （谓）（谓）+ Object (+ Object (宾宾) ) - We like English. - We like English.1 1）S + Vt + N/ Pron (S + Vt + N/ Pron (名词或代词作宾语名词或代词作宾语) )I like music. / I like her.I

5、 like music. / I like her.他去年教数学。他去年教数学。我们已收到了他们的来信。我们已收到了他们的来信。2 2）S + Vt + Infinitive (S + Vt + Infinitive (不定式作宾语不定式作宾语) )I want to help him.I want to help him.他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。他们假装在看书。他们假装在看书。我尝试去解决那个问题。我尝试去解决那个问题。常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有： attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish,

6、attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish,intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, manage,intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, manage,plan, fail, try, agreeplan, fail, try, agree 等。等。3) S + Vt +3) S + Vt + 疑问词疑问词 + Infinitive + Infi

7、nitive （疑问词加不定式作宾语）（疑问词加不定式作宾语） I don I dont know what to do.t know what to do.我在想明天去哪里。我在想明天去哪里。你决定要买什么了吗？你决定要买什么了吗？我想知道什么时候出发。我想知道什么时候出发。常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有： ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out,forget,forget, guess,guess, inqui

8、re,inquire, know,know, learn,learn, observe,observe, remember,remember, see,see, settle,settle, tell,tell, think,think,understand, wonderunderstand, wonder 等。等。4 4）S + Vt + Gerund(S + Vt + Gerund(动名词作宾语动名词作宾语) ) I enjoy living here. I enjoy living here.他每天都练习说英语。他每天都练习说英语。阿姨忍不住笑了。阿姨忍不住笑了。我期待明天见到你。我期

9、待明天见到你。常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有：admit,admit, advise,advise, avoid,avoid, consider,consider, defend,defend, enjoy,enjoy, excuse,excuse,finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, canfinish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can t help,t help,imagine, appreciate, e

10、scape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contributionimagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contributionto,to, looklook forwardforward to,to, feelfeel like,like, get/beget/be usedused to,to, paypay attentionattention to,to, havehave trouble/trouble/difficulty in, be fond of

11、, be worthdifficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。等。20122012 届高三届高三英语五种简单句英语五种简单句（三）（三）S S（主）（主）+ Lv (+ Lv (系动词系动词) + P () + P (表表) )【谓语】【谓语】We are Chinese.We are Chinese.除了除了 bebe 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：1)1) 表感官的动词：表感官的动词： feel, smell, taste, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, l

12、ook, 等等2)2)表变化的动词：表变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, comebecome, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come 等等3)3)表延续的动词：表延续的动词：remain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lieremain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lie 等等4)4)表表象的动词：表表象的动词：seem, appear, lookseem, appear, look 等等5)5)表终止的动词：表终止的动词：prove, t

13、urn outprove, turn out 等等1 1）S S+Lv+N/Pron(+Lv+N/Pron(名词、代词作表语名词、代词作表语) )He is a boy. / This is mine.He is a boy. / This is mine.他们是美国人。他们是美国人。我是一个英语教师。我是一个英语教师。桌子上的那本书是我的。桌子上的那本书是我的。2 2）S S+Lv+ Adj(+Lv+ Adj( 形容词作表语形容词作表语) )：She is beautiful.She is beautiful.众所周知，牛肉在英国很受欢迎。众所周知，牛肉在英国很受欢迎。阅读很有用。阅读很有用

14、。冰箱里的食物变质了。冰箱里的食物变质了。昨天他们迟到了。昨天他们迟到了。3 3）S S+Lv+Adv+Lv+Adv（副词作表语）（副词作表语） ：Class is overClass is over。他的父母出去了。他的父母出去了。关于鲁迅的那部电影放了半个小时了。关于鲁迅的那部电影放了半个小时了。4 4）S S+Lv+Prep+Phrase (+Lv+Prep+Phrase (介词短语作表语介词短语作表语) )：He is in good health.He is in good health.昨晚你在家吗？昨晚你在家吗？那个女孩还在办公室。那个女孩还在办公室。他病了。他病了。5 5）S

15、S+Lv+participle+Lv+participle（分词作表语）（分词作表语）He is excited. The film is interesting.He is excited. The film is interesting.昨天我听到的那个故事令人害怕。昨天我听到的那个故事令人害怕。那场篮球赛令人兴奋。那场篮球赛令人兴奋。那个老板对我的工作很满意。那个老板对我的工作很满意。20122012 届高三届高三英语五种简单句英语五种简单句（四）（四）S S（主）（主）+ + VtVt（谓）（谓）+ + IndirectIndirect ObjectObject ( (间宾间宾)+Di

16、rect)+Direct ObjectObject ( (直宾直宾) ) 【双【双宾】宾】eg. I give you help.eg. I give you help.1) S + Vt +N/Porn (1) S + Vt +N/Porn (间宾间宾) + N () + N (直宾直宾) )I sent him a book. / I bought Mary a book.I sent him a book. / I bought Mary a book. 我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台PCPC。 老师叫我们语文。老师叫我们语文。 给我看看你的执照。给我看看你的执照。2)

17、 S + Vt +N (2) S + Vt +N (直宾直宾) + to/ for +N /Porn () + to/ for +N /Porn (间宾间宾) )I sent a book to him. / He bought a coat for me.I sent a book to him. / He bought a coat for me.间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加toto的常用动词有：的常用动词有：allow,allow, bring,bring, deny,deny, dodo ( (带来带来) )， give give，grantgrant，hand, leave, l

18、end, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise,hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise,read,read, refuse,refuse, render,render, restore,restore, sell,sell, send,send, show,show, teach,teach, tell,tell, wish,wish,writewrite 等。等。 警察提供一日三餐给犯人。警察提供一日三餐给犯人。 他从来都不把他的小车借给别人。他从来都不把他的小车借给别人。 音

19、乐给我们带来快乐。音乐给我们带来快乐。间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加forfor的常用动词有：的常用动词有：buybuy， cashcash， choosechoose， fetchfetch， getget， leaveleave，makemake， order order，paintpaint，playplay（演奏）（演奏） ，savesave，singsing，sparespare等。等。 你能抽出一些时间给小朋友吗？你能抽出一些时间给小朋友吗？ 我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。 我会为你给房间上油漆。我会为你给房间上油漆。20122012 届高三届高三英语五种简

20、单句英语五种简单句（五）（五）S S（主）（主）+ Vt+ Vt（谓）（谓）+ Object (+ Object (宾宾) + OC () + OC (宾补宾补) ) 【复合宾语】【复合宾语】1) S + Vt +N/Porn (1) S + Vt +N/Porn (宾宾) + N () + N (宾补宾补) We named our baby Tom.) We named our baby Tom.我们选他为总统。我们选他为总统。我们选她做班长。我们选她做班长。（NoteNote：表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾语补足语，不用冠词）：表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾语补足语，不用冠词

21、）常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有：appointappoint，callcall，choosechoose，electelect，entitleentitle，findfind，makemake，namename，nominatenominate（命名）（命名）. .2) S + Vt +N/Porn (2) S + Vt +N/Porn ( 宾宾) + adj. () + adj. (宾补宾补) He painted the wall white.) He painted the wall white.他的话令我发狂。他的话令我发狂。我们认为这项工作很容易。我们认为这项工作很

22、容易。常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有：boilboil，thinkthink，drivedrive，findfind，getget，holdhold，keepkeep，leaveleave，likelike，makemake，paintpaint，seesee，setset，turnturn，wantwant，washwash，wipewipe，wishwish3) S + Vt +N/Porn (3) S + Vt +N/Porn (宾宾) + prep phrase () + prep phrase (宾补宾补) )She always keeps everything i

23、n good order.She always keeps everything in good order.请不要客气（就像在家一样）请不要客气（就像在家一样） 。4) S + Vt +N/Porn (4) S + Vt +N/Porn (宾宾) +infinitive () +infinitive (宾补宾补) )The teacher asked him to leave. / I made him work.The teacher asked him to leave. / I made him work.常用于这句型的动词有：常用于这句型的动词有： a)a) 不定式带不定式带toto

24、的词：的词：advise,advise, allow,allow, ask,ask, beg,beg, cause,cause,choose,choose, command,command, decide,decide, encourage,encourage, expect,expect, force,force, get,get, hate,hate, invite,invite,know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain,know, leave, like, love, order, permit, p

25、ersuade, prefer, remain,request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish.request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish.老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。b)b) 不定式不带不定式不带toto的词：的词：feel,feel, have,have, hear,hear, know,know, let,let, listenlisten to,to, looklook at,at,make, notice, see, watch.make, notice, see, watch.华昨晚见到他们离开

26、了。华昨晚见到他们离开了。5) S + Vt +N/Porn + (5) S + Vt +N/Porn + (宾宾) + participle) + participle （分词做宾补）（分词做宾补）I heard my name called. / I feel something moving.I heard my name called. / I feel something moving.他成功地使自己被别人明白了。他成功地使自己被别人明白了。刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。常用于这句型的动词有：常用于这句型的动词有：catchcatch， feelfeel，

27、findfind， getget， havehave， hearhear， imagineimagine， keepkeep， leaveleave，listenlisten toto，looklook atat，noticenotice，observeobserve，perceiveperceive，seesee，setset，smellsmell，startstart，watchwatch5) S + Vt +N/Porn + wh-word + infinitive5) S + Vt +N/Porn + wh-word + infinitiveHe show me how to do i

28、t.He show me how to do it.Answer:Answer:（一）（一）一、一、Two days passed/ went by/ have gone.Two days passed/ went by/ have gone.Winter is coming soon./ Winter will come.Winter is coming soon./ Winter will come.The injured cat died.The injured cat died.A traffic accident happened.A traffic accident happene

29、d.1)1)He left happily.He left happily.The girl came in quietly.The girl came in quietly.The war ended peacefully.The war ended peacefully.The rain stopped gradually.The rain stopped gradually.2)2)He will arrive at 3 oHe will arrive at 3 oclock.clock.The group of children went to school on foot.The g

30、roup of children went to school on foot.3)3)He gets up very early to read English.He gets up very early to read English.He hopes to be a doctor.He hopes to be a doctor.4)4)We will go fishing tomorrow.We will go fishing tomorrow.I will go boating tomorrow.I will go boating tomorrow.He went shopping y

31、esterday.He went shopping yesterday.（二）（二）1)1)He taught moths last year.He taught moths last year.We have received their letters./ We have heard from them.We have received their letters./ We have heard from them.2)2)His father expected to own/ have a factory.His father expected to own/ have a factor

32、y.He pretended to be reading.He pretended to be reading.I try/ attempted to solve the problem/ question.I try/ attempted to solve the problem/ question.3)3)I think/ wonder where to go tomorrow.I think/ wonder where to go tomorrow.Have you decided what to buy?/ Do you decide what to buy?Have you deci

33、ded what to buy?/ Do you decide what to buy?I wonder/ want to know when to set off/ go/ leave.I wonder/ want to know when to set off/ go/ leave.4)4)He practices speaking English every day.He practices speaking English every day.Aunt Li canAunt Li cant help laughing.t help laughing.I expect to see yo

34、u tomorrow./ II expect to see you tomorrow./ I m looking forward tom looking forward toseeing/seeing/meeting you.meeting you.( (三三) )1)1)They are Americans.They are Americans.I am an English teacher./ I am a teacher of English.I am an English teacher./ I am a teacher of English.That book on the desk

35、 is mine.That book on the desk is mine.2)2)AsAs everyoneeveryone knows,knows, beefbeef isis veryvery popular/popular/ welcomewelcome inin Britain/Britain/ England.England.Reading is useful. / Reading is of great use.Reading is useful. / Reading is of great use.The food in the fridge/ refrigerator/ i

36、ce box has gone bad.The food in the fridge/ refrigerator/ ice box has gone bad.They were late for school yesterday.They were late for school yesterday.3)3)His parents are out.His parents are out.The movie about Lu Xun has been on half an hour.The movie about Lu Xun has been on half an hour.4)4)Were

37、you at home last night?Were you at home last night?That girl is still in the office.That girl is still in the office.He is in bad condition./ He is in hospital.He is in bad condition./ He is in hospital.5)5)That story which I heard yesterday was frightening/ horrifying.That story which I heard yeste

38、rday was frightening/ horrifying.That basketball match/ game is exciting.That basketball match/ game is exciting.That boss is satisfied with my job/ work.That boss is satisfied with my job/ work.( (四四) )1)1)My father brought my sister a PC/ personal computer.My father brought my sister a PC/ persona

39、l computer.Mr. Chen teaches us Chinese.Mr. Chen teaches us Chinese.Show me your license.Show me your license.2)2)The police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners.The police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners.He never lends his car to others.He never lends his car to others.Music brings happiness to

40、 us.Music brings happiness to us.3)3)Can you spare/ save some minutes/ time for the children?Can you spare/ save some minutes/ time for the children?I will choose/ buy a nice present for you.I will choose/ buy a nice present for you.I will paint the room for you.I will paint the room for you.( (五五)

41、)1)1)We elected him our president.We elected him our president.We chose her our monitor.We chose her our monitor.2)2)His words drive me crazy.His words drive me crazy.We thought this job easy.We thought this job easy.3)3)Please make yourself at home.Please make yourself at home.4)4)Our teachers enco

42、urage us to take exercise every day.Our teachers encourage us to take exercise every day.Li Hua saw them leave last night.Li Hua saw them leave last night.5)5)He managed to make himself understood.He managed to make himself understood.I just saw the children playing near the river.I just saw the children playing near the river.