英美报刊选读部分翻译.pdf
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1、-LESSON 1The top talent in countries around the world have a new suitor: the Chinesegovernment.China has a severe shortage of skilled talent and, in a policy reversal, hasdecided to open its doors to talent from around the world. This could mean that thebrilliant NASA scientists the U.S. laid off, c
2、ould find new employment and a newhome in Shanghai or Beijing.Chinese research labs have long had difficultyrecruiting qualified workers to perform necessary research and development, and itscorporations struggle to find competent managers. The situation will likely get worseas Chinas high-tech indu
3、stries grow and it increases its national R&D spending fromthe present 1.62 percent of GDP, according to the Chinese government, to the planned2.5 percent by 2020. Chinas President Hu Jintao, in May 2010, declared talentdevelopment a national priority in order to fill the void. The goal is to dramat
4、icallyincrease the education level of Chinas workforce and to build an innovationeconomy.China has launched several high-priority programs to encourage skilledChinese to return home all in an effort to meet the countrys pressing talentdemands.One of these programs is the Thousand Foreign Talents Pro
5、gram. The programsgoal is to bring 2,000 experienced engineers, scientists, and other experts of Chineseorigin back from the West. The government also announced that it aims to cultivate100 strategic entrepreneurs who can lead Chinese firms getting into the ranks of theworlds top 500 countries.Both
6、efforts are running ahead of target according to Dr.Huiyao Wang, the Director General of the Center for China and Globalization and anadvisor to the Chinese government. China had recruited more than 1,500 high qualitytalents, according to Wang, and 300 returnees had been enrolled in managementtraini
7、ng courses by August 2011. The courses were conducted by senior ministers.These individuals, while re-learning how to operate successfully within the Chinesesystem, are expected to serve as a critical catalyst in transforming Chinas innovationenvironment in ways that will enhance the countrys compet
8、itive edge across a rangeof key, strategic industries.-China is getting more ambitious, based on the initial recruitment successes of thereturnee program.The Chinese government invited me to attend the InternationalConference on the Exchange of Talent held in Shenzhen on Nov. 5. Vice Premier,Zhang D
9、ejiang launched Chinas Thousand Foreign Talents Program, which, for thefirst time, opens Chinas doors to skilled foreigners to secure long-term employmentin China. The Chinese government announced that it will allow foreign nationals totake senior roles in science and technology sectors and state-ow
10、ned enterprises. Theywill also pay foreigners salaries equal to what they can earn at top paying jobs inAmerica. And the government announced that it intends to offer permanentresident-type visas to foreign entrepreneurs.This announcement was front-page newsin China, and its importance should not be
11、 underestimated in the U.S. where thesedevelopments were not widely covered. These programs, which were announced withamazing fanfare, represent a significant break from the traditional use Chinesepolicies and a greater openness to the outside world. Chinese governors and seniorofficials from across
12、 the country participated in the ceremonies, and the Chinesegovernment claimed the conference had 100,000 attendees. The festivities thataccompanied this were nothing short of dazzling, with cultural entertainers andacrobats brought in from all over China.Denis Fred Simon, author and Vice-Provost fo
13、r International Affairs at the Universityof Oregon was one of the nine foreign experts at the Shenzhen conference. China, saidSimon, sees talent as the next big global race for driving competitiveness andinnovation. The country is determined to win this race if only to ensure it cancomplete the goal
14、 of transforming its economy. Wang also explained that the Chinesesee this new talent pool as the key to moving from a made in China orientation to acreated in China capability. Chinas future growth, continued Wang, will rely moreon the new talent strategy, even as its past successes were built main
15、ly on itspopulation dividend and investment.-But sometimes things arent as rosy as they seem.Some of the returnees have foundthemselves victims of discrimination and petty jealousy from those who stayed behind.Moreover, they have struggled to re-adapt to Chinas relationship-oriented culture,which st
16、ands in sharp contrast to the performance-oriented culture of the West.Compared to the generally transparent set of rules and decision-making processes thatare commonplace in U.S. and European research and university settings, returnees arefrequently confounded by the personalized ways research prop
17、osals are evaluatedand research grants are distributed. The reality is that despite the good intentions ofthe program, the Chinese research environment remains plagued by plagiarism, fraud,and other scandals.There is an even greater challenge, however. Returnees arerefusing to make full-time commitm
18、ents to their new Chinese employers. Many havereturned only sporadically, often not meeting the stated residency requirements of theThousand Talents Program.The best of the Chinese talent pool abroad has not yetchosen to return to China, especially in the science and technology fields, said Simon.So
19、me who were considering returning home, he said, are still watching and waiting astheir peers cope with the challenges of returning. Family considerations also pose animportant barrier, said Simon, as many Chinese expatriates based overseas wouldprefer their children to complete their education abro
20、ad and not have to suffer throughChinas examination hell prior to college.Discussions with Chinese government leaders in Shenzhen made it clear that Chineseleaders are not satisfied with the level of innovation in the country. I told them that Ididnt believe that China could fix this problem merely
21、through returnees. Chinawould need to learn some of the techniques that Indian industry has employed toupgrade its workforce. Chinas most critical challenge will be to create a moreconducive environment for entrepreneurship. Innovation requires risk-taking,breaking existing systems and challenging t
22、he norms. Within Hu Jintaos model of aharmonious society (what he calls hexie shehui), this presents some realchallenges.Until China allows and encourages more out of the box thinking andbehavior, it simply wont innovate, nor will it produce the types of breakthrough.-products top Chinese leaders wi
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