老挝农业发展战略研究.docx

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1、 Classification code: F312.1 University code: 10712 U D C: 338.2 Postgraduate number: 2011070044 Confidentiality level: PublicDissertation for Doctor Degree Northwest A F University in 2014 Research of Strategies for agricultural development in Laos Major: Agricultural Economy & Management Research

2、field: Regional Agricultural Development Name of Postgraduate: Sisavath SommalathAdviser: Huo Xuexi Date of submitted: May 2014 Yangling Shaanxi China 老挝农业发展战略研究 摘 要 农业是老挝国民经济发展的支柱产业，在老挝国内生产总值中占有很重的分量。为 了发展农业经济，老挝自建国以来探索和发展了近 40 年，并取得了一定的成果。 2001 年老挝 “ 七大 ” 提出 “ 加快经济发展、促进生产、消灭贫困 ” 这一社会经济全面发展的 战略目标，农

3、业经济更是取得突破性进展。随着老挝人口的不断增长，在日益激烈的国 际竞争条件下，稳定粮食产量、提高产品质量从而保障粮食安全是今后老挝农业发展过 程中必须直面的问题。为了从战略上解决上述问题，我们必须清醒的认识到在老挝农业 发展过程中还存在诸多限制性因素，如农业体制改革不充分、农业市场化发展不足、农 业投入配置不合理、农业耕作制度落后、农业服务体系不健全等。这些因素严重制约了 老挝农业的长远发展，面对现实中存在的这些问题 ，老挝的农业经济发展存在着很大的 不确定性，正确认识和面对这些困难将有助于老挝农业的可持续发展。本文根据老挝农 业的发展现状，在分析老挝农业经济发展中面临的机会、威胁、优势和劣

4、势的基础上， 通过学习和借鉴国外农业经济发展的成功经验，提出了发展现代农业并在战略上指出发 展道路和模式的科学论断，希望对老挝的农业经济发展提供一定的借鉴意义。 本文的主要研究结论为： 1.老挝农业经济落后，科技含量低，生产效率低下，农产品国际竞争力弱，但在老 挝国民经济中仍处于基础性地位，农业经济的快速稳定发展是促进第二三产业发展的前 提条件。为了有效解决农业经济发展过程中存在的诸多限制性因素，老挝政府出台并实 施了一系列促进农业经济发展的利农政策，如颁布实施老挝土地法以促进和保护农 业生产经营、改革农业所有制结构并鼓励经营多样化和经营自主化、减免农业税以调动 农民生产经营的积极性、大力改善

5、农业生产经营的基础设施条件、将农业发展融入消灭 贫困的国家战略中等。 2.通过对老挝农业经济进行 SWOT 分析，该文总结了老挝农业经济在发展过程中拥 有许多内部优势和外部机遇，例如农业资源丰富，地理位置优越，农业产业政策稳定， 近年来国民经济持续高速增长，另外老挝政局稳定以及加入东盟和大湄公河次区域经济 合作带来了很大的发展机遇。同时老挝农业经济还存在诸多发展劣势和外部威胁，如农 业内部结构构成比例不适当，生产力水平低下，农业基础设施不完善，交通运输条件差， 农业发展水平落后于周边国家，以及地区安全和自然疾病带来的威胁等。 3.通过阐述美国、日本、中国和越南四国现代农业发展情况可以看出，不同

6、国家的 现代农业发展形式表现出很大的差异。老挝要想实现本国农业经济的现代化发展需要结 合国内的实际情况因地制宜地制定和执行有效的发展政策，走出一条独具特色的有竞争 力的发展道路。基于对国外发达国家和发展中国家现代农业发展的基本做法和成功经 验，老挝发展农业经济应明确现代农业发展的定位，加强政府对现代农业发展的政策支 持力度，拓宽融投资渠道，科学规划，合理布局，结合老挝的自然、资源和地理等优势， 增强农业经济竞争力，提升国际影响力。 4.老挝农业以传统农业为主，在激烈的国际竞争条件下，继续走传统农业的老路已 不符合新世纪农业发展的需求。随着老挝农村生态环境问题的日益突出，结合老挝农业 发展现状，

7、发展现代化农业提升农产品市场竞争力是老挝农业经济发展的必然选择。老 挝拥有发展现代农业基本的内外部条件，本文根据老挝农业发展的现实基础提出了不同 地区现代农业的发展战略和发展模式。北部地区农业经济明显落后与中南部地区，应该 执行政府主导型现代农业发展战略 -利用区位优势和特色资源的现代农业模式；中部地 区机械化和现代化水平最高，应执行产业一体化现代农业发展战略 -科学技术含量高的 现代农业模式；南部地区市场化条件较好，应执行市场营销型现代农业发展战略 -经营 集约一体化发展的现代农业模式。 同时，本文还提出了一些老挝农业发展中应注意的问题，主要包括：充分发挥老挝 农业经济在发展中拥有的自然优势

8、和资源优势，努力提高农业生产要素利用率，调整农 业生产结构和经营管理方式，加快农业现代化发展；继续保持支农、利农政策，增加对 农业的支持力度，因地制宜地选择和执行适宜的农业经济发展模式，结合资源和市场因 素，发展当地特色 农业经济；鼓励和支持农业科学技术创新，努力推广农业科学技术在 农业生产实践中的应用，促进农业科学技术成果转化为现实生产力，适度现实规模化生 产，推动农业机械化和产业化发展；正确认识和处理不同地区间农业发展的差异性问题， 统筹发展，协调各地区农业经济的发展模式和途径，全面提高老挝农业经济的综合生产 能力。 关键词： 现代农业；战略； SWOT 分析；老挝 STRATEGIES

9、FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN LAOS ABSTRACT Agriculture is the pillar industry of national economic development in Laos, it plays an important role in Laos GDP. In order to develop the agricultural economy, Laos has explored and developed nearly 40 years since its foundation, and has achieved cert

10、ain results. 2001 Laos 18th National Congress put forward comprehensive social and economic development strategic objective, which is to accelerate economic development, promote the production, eliminate the poverty, agricultural economy achieve a breakthrough. With the growing population of Laos, u

11、nder the condition of the increasingly fierce international competition, stabilize food production and improve product quality so as to ensure food security in Laos is the problem we must face in the agricultural development process the. In order to solve the above problems strategically, we must cl

12、early recognize that there are many limiting factors in the process of agricultural development in Laos. Such as agricultural reform is not sufficient, insufficient agricultural market development, irrational allocation of agricultural inputs, agricultural farming behind agricultural service system

13、is not perfect and so on. These factors severely restrict the long-term development of agriculture in Laos with the face of these problems exist in reality. There is great uncertainty in agricultural economic development of Laos. To correctly understand and confront these difficulties will contribut

14、e to sustainable agriculture development in Laos. The paper based on the current situation of agricultural development in Laos, in the analysis of agricultural economic development opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses which Laos face to, by learn and draw the successful experience of for

15、eign agricultural economic development, the paper proposed the development of modern agriculture and pointed out the strategic scientific thesis development path and model. It hopes that can provide some reference for agricultural economic development of Laos. The main conclusions as follows: Firstl

16、y, Laos agricultural economy is backward, and with the low-tech, low productivity, weak international competitiveness of agricultural products, but it is still in the basic position in the Laos economy, and rapid and stable development of agriculture is to promote the economic development of the sec

17、ond and tertiary industries prerequisite. In order to effectively address the many limiting factors that exist in the process of economic development of agriculture, the Lao government promulgated and implemented a series of agricultural policies which are benefit to promote agricultural economic de

18、velopment. Such as the promulgation of Lao Land Act to promote and protect agricultural production, agricultural reform ownership structure to encourage diversification and operating autonomy, agricultural taxes in order to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers operate, vigorously to improve infrastruc

19、ture conditions for agricultural production and operation, the national strategy for agricultural development into moderate poverty eradication. Secondly, through SWOT analysis of the agricultural economy in Laos, this paper summarizes the Lao agricultural economy has many internal strengths and ext

20、ernal opportunities in the development process, such as the rich agricultural resources, strategic location, stable agricultural policy in recent years, sustained high speed growth, political stability, and added another Laos ASEAN and the Greater Mekong subregion Economic Cooperation has brought gr

21、eat opportunities for development. While Laos there are still many developing agricultural economy weaknesses and external threats, such as the proportion of agriculture constitutes improper internal structure, low levels of productivity, inadequate agricultural infrastructure, poor transportation c

22、onditions, the level of agricultural development has lagged behind neighboring countries, as well as regional security and natural the threat of diseases brought so on. Thirdly, by describing the United States, Japan, China and Vietnam, the four countries can be seen in the development of modern agr

23、iculture, in the form of modern agricultural development in different countries showed great differences. Laos in order to achieve their modernization needs of the agricultural economy combined with the actual situation according to local conditions to develop and implement effective development pol

24、icies, out of the path of development of a unique competitive. Based on the development of modern agriculture in developed and developing countries abroad basic practices and successful experiences, the development of the agricultural economy of Laos should be clear positioning of modern agricultura

25、l development, strengthen government policy support for the development of modern agriculture, expand financing channels for investment, scientific planning, rational distribution, combined with Laos natural resources and geographical advantages, enhance the competitiveness of the agricultural econo

26、my, enhance the international influence. Fourth, Laos traditional agricultural agriculture under conditions of fierce international competition, continue to follow the old traditional agriculture does not meet the requirements of the new century has been the development of agriculture. With Laos rur

27、al ecological environment problems have become increasingly prominent, combined status of agricultural development in Laos, the development of modern agriculture to enhance the market competitiveness of agricultural products is an inevitable choice Laos agricultural economic development. Laos has th

28、e development of modern agriculture basic internal and external conditions, Based on realistic basis for agricultural development in Laos proposed development strategies and development models in different areas of modern agriculture. Agricultural economy lagged behind the northern region and the ce

29、ntral and southern regions, the government should implement modern agriculture -led development strategy - use of regional advantages and characteristics of the resources of modern agricultural model; levels of mechanization and modernization of Central High, you should perform the integration of mo

30、dern agricultural industry development strategy - high content of science and technology of modern agricultural model; southern region market conditions were better, you should perform marketing modern agriculture development strategy - the integration of modern intensive agricultural development mo

31、de of operation. Meanwhile, the paper also proposes a number of agricultural development in Laos should pay attention to the problem, including: full play to the natural advantages and resources owned by the Lao agricultural economy in development, efforts to improve the efficiency of agricultural p

32、roduction factors, the adjustment of agricultural production structure and management way to accelerate the modernization of agriculture; continue to maintain agriculture, Linon policy to increase support for agriculture , local conditions, selection and implementation of suitable agricultural econo

33、mic development model, combining the resources and market factors, the development of local agricultural economy; encourage and support agricultural science and technology innovation, and efforts to promote agricultural science and technology in agricultural production practices, and promote agricul

34、tural scientific and technological achievements into practical productive forces, moderately realistic large-scale production, promote agricultural mechanization and industrial development; correctly understand and deal with different areas of agriculture differences issues of development, rural dev

35、elopment, coordination of regional development pattern of the agricultural economy and ways to improve the overall productivity of the agricultural economy of Laos. KEY WORDS： Modern agriculture； Strategy； Laos 目 录 第一章 导论 . 1 1.1 研究背景 . 1 1.2 研究目的和意义 . 3 1.2.1 研究目的 . 3 1.2.2 研究意义 . 4 1.3 国内外文献述评 . 4

36、 1.3.1 现代农业发展研究方面 . 4 1.3.2 老挝农业发展研究方面 . 6 1.4 研究思路、方法和技术路线 . 8 1.4.1 研究思路 . 8 1.4.2 研究方法 . 8 1.5 论文的创新之处 . 10 第二章 现代农业及农业发展战略理论基础 . 11 2.1 现代农业的内涵及模式 . 11 2.1.1 现代农业内涵 . 11 2.1.2 现代农业的特征 . 11 2.1.3 现代农业的主要发展模式 . 12 2.2 战略的概念与特性 . 14 2.2.1 战略的内涵 . 14 2.2.2 战略的特征 . 15 2.2.3 战略的过程阶段 . 16 2.3 农业发展战略分析 . 16 2.3.1 农业发展战略的概念 . 16 2.3.2 农业发展战略的过程阶段 . 17 第三章 老挝农业发展现状分析 . 19 3.1 老挝农业发展条件分析 . 20 3.1.1 农户结构分析 . 20 3.1.2 农业劳动力状况分析 . 21 3.1.3 土地结构分析 . 22 3.1.4 农业基础设施状况 . 22 3.1.5 农业生产管理水平 . 23 3.1.6 农业信贷状况分析 . 24 3.1.7 气候及自然灾害特征分析 . 24 3.2 老挝农业生产现状分析 .