现代大学英语第六册课后句子解释.pdf

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1、Lesson 1 How to get the poor off our conscienceLesson 1 How to get the poor off our conscience1.Virtue is . self-centered.1.Virtue is . self-centered.By right action,we mean it must help promote personal interest.2.(poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity.2.(poverty) was a product of the

2、ir excessive fecundity.The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3.the3.the richrich werewere notnot responsibleresponsible forfor eithereither itsits creationcreation oror itsitsamelioration.amelioration.The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they shou

3、ldnot be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittestapplied to nature of to human soc

4、iety.5.It Itdeclineddeclinedininpopularity,popularity,andandreferencesreferencesto toitsitsacquiredacquireda acondemnatory tone.condemnatory tone.People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorifybrutalforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,love andfriendship.Therefore,when it was

5、 mentioned,it was usually the target ofcriticism.6.the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not6.the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was notat an end; it was only suspended.at an end; it was only suspended.The desire to find a way to justify the unconce

6、rn for the poor had notbeen abandoned,it had only been put off.7.only.only rarelyrarely givengiven to to overpayingoverpaying forfor monkeymonkey wrenches,wrenches, flashlights,flashlights,coffee makers, and toilet seats.coffee makers, and toilet seats.Government officials,on the whole ,are good,it

7、is very rare that somewould pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but itis nottrue.9.Belief can be the

8、servant of truth-but even more of convenience.Belief can be the servant of truth-but even more of convenience.Belief can be useful in the search for truth,but more often than not it isaccepted because it is convenient and self-serving.10.George Gilder. Who tells to much applause that the poor must h

9、aveGeorge Gilder. Who tells to much applause that the poor must havethe cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort.the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort.George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer fromgreat misery will they be stimulated to make great effo

10、rts to change thesituation,in other words,suffering is necessary to force the poor to workhard.Lesson 2 The woods were tossing with jewelsLesson 2 The woods were tossing with jewels11.ButBut thesethese marksmarks ofof wildwild countrycountry calledcalled to to maymay fatherfather likelike thethelege

11、ndary siren song.legendary siren song.Though the place was not pleasant or disagreeable,my father was deeplyattracted to it precisely because of its unexplored,uncultivated naturalstate,and the challenge.12.ImIm afraidafraid thethe daysdays goinggoing to to catchcatch us,us, I I explained,explained,

12、 wonderingwonderingwhat great disaster might befall us if it did.what great disaster might befall us if it did.As a little girl,I believed my fathers words ,and was genuinely afraid ofthe possible disaster-if we didnt hurry up,the day would catch us andterrible things might happen.13.from time to ti

13、me he was halfheartedly sought for trial, though few.from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial, though fewcrimes seemed to lead directly to his door.crimes seemed to lead directly to his door.In this place,though the police wound make some effort without realearnest to investigate Wats

14、on and bring him to court,there seemed to belittle concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegalactivities.14.TheThe strangleholdstranglehold WatsonWatson hadhad overover thisthis sectionsection ofof FloridaFlorida waswas notnotdissimilar to the unscrupulous activities of ce

15、rtain lawmen, other legaldissimilar to the unscrupulous activities of certain lawmen, other legalcrooks,crooks, andand eveneven governorsgovernors thatthat ourour statestate waswas to to suffersuffer throughthrough itsitshistory.history.The control Watson had over this part of Florida was much simil

16、ar to thedishonest or illegal activities of the law-enforcing officials and governorswhich Florida witnessed in the 20th century.15.There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters,15.There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters,andand therethere waswas a

17、a murderermurderer forfor ourour nearestnearest andand onlyonly neighbor,neighbor, aboutaboutthirty miles away.thirty miles away.Before the family built their own house,they lived in a shabby cabin atGopher Key,close to the merciless Watson.16.KingKing RichardRichard inin hishis gluttonygluttony nee

18、rneer satsat at at a a tabletable moremore sumptuoussumptuousthan ours was three times a day.than ours was three times a day.We had abundant food on the island,and even the meals enjoyed by KingRichard,who was famous for his love of food,couldnt possibly comparewith ours.17.Despite the unrelenting h

19、eat, we were happy to be let off from ourDespite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to be let off from ourhours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rainhours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rainor shine.or shine.Although it was very hot outside

20、in the sun,we were happy to bedismissed from my mothers sessions indoors.we would have to read andwrite with her every day no matter what the weather was like.lesson 3lesson 3At war with the planetAt war with the planet18.ButBut thisthis image,image, nownow repeatedlyrepeatedly thrustthrust beforebe

21、fore usus inin photographs,photographs,posters, and advertisements, is misleading.posters, and advertisements, is misleading.The Earth we see in photos,posters,and ads,which appears so beautiful,isnot the true reflection of the world we live in ,such image lulls us intocomplacency.19.The technospher

22、e has become sufficiently large and intense to alterThe technosphere has become sufficiently large and intense to alterthe natural processes that govern the ecosphere.the natural processes that govern the ecosphere.Human activities have taken place over such large areas and with suchintensity that t

23、hey have already caused disastrous effects on ecology.20.which could establish itself only because it fitted properly into the.which could establish itself only because it fitted properly into thepreexisting system.preexisting system.the fish could play its role because it became a necessary link wi

24、th theprocesses preceding it and the processes following it in the ecologicalsystem.21.Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties thatDefined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties thatare hostile to their environment.are hostile to their environment.when cars

25、 are produced to serve such narrow purposes,it is notsurprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to theenvironment.22.Yields rose, but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application.22.Yields rose, but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application.the farmer

26、 applied more and more fertilizer,and the production did risebut did not increase at the same rate of the fertilizer.23.their waste is flushed into the sewer system altered in composition23.their waste is flushed into the sewer system altered in compositionbut not in amount at treatment plant.but no

27、t in amount at treatment plant.people eat plants and animals,and their waste is flushed into the sewersystem.After being processed,the waste is still waste.the residue will gointo rivers,oceans,and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem.24.Left to their own devices, ecosystems are conserv

28、ative.24.Left to their own devices, ecosystems are conservative.if the ecosystems are not upset by outside intrusion,they will remain thesame with very little change25.In contrast to the ecosphere, the technosphere is composed of objects25.In contrast to the ecosphere, the technosphere is composed o

29、f objectsand materials that reflect aand materials that reflect arapid and relentless process of change andrapid and relentless process of change andvariation.variation.the characteristics of the objects and materials in the technosphere arerapid change and great variety.26.But this is done only at

30、the cost of understanding.26.But this is done only at the cost of understanding.if we take side in the war of the two words,we are doing so at the risk offailing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause of thewar,thus,we lose the chance to really solve the grave environmental crisis.Les

31、son4Lesson4nettlesnettles27.HowHow allall mymy ownown territoryterritory wouldwould bebe altered,altered, adad if if a a landslidelandslide hadhadgone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.the impact of Mikes leavin

32、g on my life was beyond my imagination.Ididnt expect that Mikes leaving would have such a tremendous powerthat it would change the meaning of my existence completely.All mythoughts were about loss of Mike.28.During that time of life that is supposed to be a reproductive daze,28.During that time of l

33、ife that is supposed to be a reproductive daze,with thewith the womans mind all swamped by maternalwomans mind all swamped by maternaljuices,juices, we were stillwe were stillcompelled to discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and Thecompelled to discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestle

34、r and TheCocktail Party.Cocktail Party.At that time,we were young mothers,and we were supposed to lead aterribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by givingbirth to and raising babies.and our minds were supposed to be fullyoccupied by how to feed the babies and things like that.How

35、ever,in themidst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the importantthinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler andT.S.Eliots sophisticated workThe Cocktail Party.29.I.I wouldwould bebe frightened,frightened, notnot ofof anyany hostilityhostility butbut ofof a a

36、kindkind ofofnonexistence.nonexistence.I would be frightened,and my fear was not caused by my neighborsvisibly hostile and violent way of life,but by a kind of formlessandhiddenemptinessandmeaninglessnessofhumanexistence.Whathappened around me was totally irrelevant to me,and I felt very isolatedand

37、 alienated.30.She did not ask me-was it delicacy or disapproval?-about my newShe did not ask me-was it delicacy or disapproval?-about my newlife.life.She did not ask me about my new life,either out of subtle considerationfor my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval for mynew lif

38、e style.31.It would be a sleazy thing to do, in the house of his friends.It would be a sleazy thing to do, in the house of his friends.It would be a morally low thing,an indecent thing to commit infidelity inthe house of a friend.32.I knew now that he was a person who had hit rock bottom.I knew now

39、that he was a person who had hit rock bottom.I knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life,thehardest experience a person might have to endure.33.He and wife knew that together and it bound them, as something likeHe and wife knew that together and it bound them, as something like

40、that would either break you apart or bind you, for life.that would either break you apart or bind you, for life.They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like andunderstood the meaning of that experience.such an experience posed thegravest test to people.if they stood the test,th

41、eir friendship or marriagewould be strengthened,and a sacred bondage would be formed betweenthem.but if they failed the test,their relationship would be broken andthey would flow on gently and34.Not34.Not riskingrisking a a thingthing yetyet stayingstaying alivealive asas a a sweetsweet trickle,tric

42、kle, ananunderground resource. With the weight of this now stillness on it, thisunderground resource. With the weight of this now stillness on it, thisseal.seal.If they acted on love,they would take risks.they wouldnt do that or gofurther in their relationship,but they would rather let their love re

43、main asa sweet trickle,which would flow on gently and.Lesson 5 The One Against the ManyLesson 5 The One Against the Many1.the national rejection of dogmatic preconceptions about the nature1.the national rejection of dogmatic preconceptions about the natureof the social and economic orderof the socia

44、l and economic order1.there are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristicof the social order and economic order and they take it for granted.Thecountry just rejected such prejudice.2 2 NorNor cancan oneone suggestsuggest thatthat AmericansAmericans havehave beenbeen consistently

45、consistentlyvulnerability to secular ideology ever aftervulnerability to secular ideology ever after2.No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by theapproach of understanding ,preserving or transforming theworldaccording to rigid dogmas.3.and any intellect so shaped was .ever after3.and

46、 any intellect so shaped was .ever afterA mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely find it somewhatdifficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking.4.Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid.experience4.Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid.experiencePragmatism is not com

47、pletely free from abstract ideas just as ideology isnot completely free from experience,that is to say,abstract ideas have aplace in pragmatism just as experience has a role in ideology.5.As an ideologist,however,Jefferson.historical curiosity5.As an ideologist,however,Jefferson.historical curiosity

48、As a man following a fixed set of beliefs,Jefferson is only an interestinghistorical figure.His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant topresent-day reality.6.whose6.whose centralcentral dogmadogma is is confidedconfided to to thethe custodycustody ofof anan infallibleinfalliblepriesthoodpriesth

49、oodTheir central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who arealways effective.7.where7.where freefree menmen maymay findfind partialpartial truths,buttruths,but where .onwhere .on AbsoluteAbsoluteTruthTruthIn this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able todiscover re

50、lation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has alreadygrasped the one and only truth.8.But ideology is a drug; no matter how .it still persists.8.But ideology is a drug; no matter how .it still persists.Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic.In spite of the fact that it hasbeen prove