BloombergBusinessweek-2019-12-09.pdf

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1、December 9, 2019The people who defined 2019 39Whenhespokeatthe“UnderstandingChina” conferenceinthesoutherncityofGuangzhou, GuangdongProvince,inOctober,Zeng Qinghong,ChairofGuangzhouAutomobile Group,aChineseautomobilemakerheadquar- teredthere,soundedupbeat. “WehavereachedadealwithToyota,which willinv

2、est15billionyuan$2.13billionintwo newfactoriesinGuangzhou,”hesaid,talkingof theJapanesemultinationalslatestagreement withhiscompany.Zengattributedittothe soundbusinessenvironmentinChina.“Its therecognitionofChinasimprovementsthatmakesforeigncompaniesfeelconfidentto increaseinvestment,”heremarked. Sh

3、ortlybeforetheevent,theWorldBank releaseditsDoingBusiness2020study,which gaveChinaalegup.ThereportgradedChina No.31globallyoutof190countriesand regionsinitseaseofdoingbusinessindex,with ascoreof77.9outof100.Forthesecondyear inarow,Chinajoinedtheranksoftheworlds top10mostimprovedeconomiesforeaseof do

4、ingbusiness.Anengineforgrowth “Effortstooptimizethebusinessenvironment willhelpbolsterinstitutionalreform,encourage faircompetition,andstimulatethevigorof theeconomyandmarketmotivation,thereby boostinghigh-qualitydevelopment,”econo- mistFanHengshansaidattheGuangzhou conference. MartinRaiser,WorldBan

5、kCountryDirectorfor China,acknowledgedthatChinahasundertak- ensubstantialeffortstoimprovethedomestic businessclimateforsmallandmedium-sized enterprises,maintaininganactivepaceof reforms.InaWorldBankpressreleaseonOct. 24accompanyingthestudy,hesaid,“Laudable progresshasbeenachievedonanumberof DoingBus

6、inessindicators,particularlyinthe areaofconstructionpermitting.”SPONSOR CONTENT Easier BusinessEfforts to improve Chinasbusinessenvironmentsee higher ranking in WorldBankreportByWangJunAccordingtotheWorldBankreport,itnow takes111daystogothroughtheprocedures toobtainpermissionforconstructioninChina,

7、againstanaverage132daysintheEastAsiaandPacificregion.TheChineseeconomy receivedaperfectscoreof15pointsinthe qualityindexoftheindicator,comparedtothe average9.4pointsgiventotheregion.Chinahasalsosimplifiedrequirementstoob- tainpermitsforlow-riskconstructionprojects andreducedthetimetakentogetwaterand

8、 drainageconnections. Itnowranks12thgloballyingettinganelectric-ityconnection,whichissignificantlybetter thantherestoftheregion.Chinesebusinesses needtocompletejusttwoproceduresand spend32daystoobtainaconnection,halfthe averageof4.2proceduresand63daysintheEastAsiaandPacificregion,thereportsays.Bette

9、rjudicialrule Chinahasalsoimprovedthequalityofjudicial administrationandscored17outof18on thisindex,thehighestintheworld.Alocal entrepreneurspendsonaverage496days and16.2percentoftheclaimvaluetoresolve acommercialdispute,muchfasterandless expensivethantheregionalaverage. “Thegovernmentmustbearinmind

10、thatthe essentialpartofthebusinessenvironment isatransparent,steadyandpredictablelegal environment,”saidLongYongtu,formerVice MinisterofCommerce.Accordingtohim,what overseasanddomesticprivatebusinesses aremostconcernedaboutisnotpreferential treatment,butuncertaintiesintheinvestment environment. “Jud

11、icialgovernanceisanimportantpartofthe businessenvironment,andjudicialauthoritiesatalllevelshavemadesignificantcontribu- tionstotherapidincreaseofChinasglobal rankingintheeaseofdoingbusinessindex,” XiaoJianguo,aprofessorattheLawSchoolof RenminUniversityofChina,said.“Especially, theSupremePeoplesCourt

12、(Chinashighest judicialorgan)hasissuedjudicialinterpretations andguidelinestoimprovetheenforcementof contracts.” TheWorldBankreportusesthecontracten- forcementindicatortomeasureacountrysefficiencytosolvecommercialdisputes.Here Chinascored80.9comparedwith79inthepreviousyear,rankingfifthintheworld.Und

13、er thisindicator,thequalityofthejudicialpro- cessindexmeasureswhethereacheconomy hasadoptedaseriesofgoodpracticesinits courtsysteminthefourareasofcourtstruc- tureandproceedings,casemanagement,A German engineer tests equipment at IMS Gear (Taicang) Co. Ltd. in Taicang, in east Chinas Jiangsu Province

14、, on Oct. 31.XINHUASPONSOR CONTENTcourtautomationandalternativedispute resolution.HereChinascored16.5outof18, comparedwith8.1giventotheEastAsiaandPacificregion.Toimprovethebusinessenvironment,the StateCouncil,Chinascabinet,issuedaregula- tiononimprovingthecountrysbusiness environmentonOct.23.Theregu

15、lation, whichcomprises72articlesontheprotection ofmarketplayers,themarketenvironment, governmentservices,supervisionandlaw enforcementaswellaslegalguarantee,willbe effectiveasofJan.1,2020.“Asthefirstcomprehensiveadministrative regulationinChinainthisregard,itcovers almosteveryaspectofimprovingthebus

16、i- nessenvironment,”NingJizhe,ViceMinister oftheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,saidatapolicybriefing.“Theregulationhighlightsfaircompetition, stressingthatalltypesofmarketplayers haveequalaccesstoproductionfactorsand areequallyprotectedbylaw.Thisisthees- senceoftheentirebusinessenvironment,”

17、 ChangXiuze,aneconomistwiththeChinese AcademyofMacroeconomicResearch,said.TheFourthPlenarySessionofthe19th CommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommittee, heldinlateOctoberwithafocusonadvanc- ingthemodernizationofChinassystemandcapacityforgovernance,reaffirmedthegoalof buildingnewinstitutionsforahigher-stand

18、ard openeconomy.Roomforimprovement However,despitethelaurels,therearesome challengesaswell.“Whiletherehasbeensubstantialprogress, Chinastilllagsinareassuchaspayingtaxes (105thinranking),gettingcredit(80th),and tradingacrossborders(56th).Ittakes21 hoursandcosts$256whenexportingto complywithborderrequ

19、irements,longerand moreexpensivethanamongOrganisationfor EconomicCo-operationandDevelopment high-incomeeconomies,”theWorldBank studysaid.“AndaChinesecompanymust spendanaverageof138hoursperyearcom-plyingwithfiscalrequirements,comparedto 64hoursinSingapore.”Accordingtoareportby21stCentury BusinessHera

20、ld,abusinessnewspaperinComments to Guangzhou,sincetheWorldBankstudycol-lectedfiguresonpayingtaxesfromJan.1to Dec.31,2018,Chinas2-trillion-yuan($284 billion)taxcutcarriedoutthisyearwasnot includedintheassessmentofthisindicator. ThismeansthatChinasperformanceforpay- ingtaxeswillbebetterinthe2021report

21、. “Therearestillmanythingstoimprove inthebusinessenvironment,suchas simplifyingthevisaproceduresforforeign professionals,furthercuttingthenegative listofsectorsoff-limitstoforeigninvestors, andreducingtariffsandsubsidies,”Wang Huiyao,founderandPresidentoftheCenter forChinaandGlobalization,aBeijing-b

22、ased thinktank,said. “Evenfordevelopedeconomies,attracting foreigninvestmentisveryimportant.We mustmakeourbusiness environmentmore attractivetooverseas capital,professionals andtechnologies,” Wangsaid.Visitorswatchashortmusicvideointhe360-degreeimmersivesoundscapezoneofU.S.companySoundUnitedattheSec

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24、icesLLC,Member NYSE, SIPC. 2019FMRLLC.Allrightsreserved.898367.1.0FIDELITY.COM/WEALTH | 800.FIDELITYAn ally for marginalized voters e The amazingly ambitious hotelier e The magnate remaking the Philippines e New Zealands liberal torchbearer e The GOAT gymnast e Spotifys podcasting impresarios e The

25、brains behind LatAms super app e Southeast Asias tech sensation e Fake meats real winner e Vanguards visionary e AMLOs top chef e An unexpected art world superstar e The astronomers who shed light on black holes e Marvels creative superhero e The accountant on a spending spree e Denmarks anti- anti-

26、immigration prime minister e The worlds new economic growth genius e Big Oils big dealmaker e Hong Kongs front-line fighters e The oppo-party mayor of Istanbul e The youngest billionaire entrepreneur on Earth e Americas pot king e Modern Monetary Theorys evangelist e The killer quants e The Bollywoo

27、d boss behind YouTubes top channel e The online dating guru e Country musics renegade rapper e Canadas tech scene savior e Libras defender e Bob Igers right-hand man at Disney e Walmarts CEO with a conscience e The banker who has big plans for Africa e The CEO who got Chipotle sizzling again e The s

28、andwich that broke the internet e The victor in the Viacom-CBS merger e Rihanna! e The first female CEO at Warner Bros. e Polands muckraking documentarians e Hot pots first family e Hollywoods antagonist e The student-debt slayer e A comedian with a cause e The David to Intels Goliath e Climate chan

29、ges most vocal protester e The World Cup champions e The force behind Fleabag e Glaxos blockbuster hunter e The EUs new trade czar e The techie who took the pain out of videoconferencing e Trumps cable news nemesis7December 9, 2019CREDITS CREDITS CREDITSTHE BLOOMBERG 50 39 From politics and finance

30、to tech and entertainment, the people who defined this year 76 Names you may end up knowing by the end of 2020 IN BRIEF10The torch is passed at Google Big job cuts at Daimler REMARKS12 For the Toriesand Brexitbest not to let Boris be Boris1BUSINESS 16Cosmetics makers see green in womens golden years

31、 18Chanels ambitious push into timepieces 19 U.K. customs brokers prepare for a Brexit boom2TECHNOLOGY 20 Amazon rocks the server market by joining it22 Growth opportunity for a greener smartphone3FINANCE 25Sorosthe Soros fund, that isgets conservative 27 A growing pushback on stock buybacksECONOMIC

32、S 30Russia remains all in on fossil fuels32 Lessons from Tennessees free college tuition program POLITICS 34Israels year of interim leadership may cause lasting harm36 Is it legal for cities to criminalize acts of homelessness?8 CONTENTS Bloomberg Businessweek December 9, 2019How to Contact Bloomber

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35、Twitter BW Instagram businessweekCORRECTION The subhead for “Googles Defense Dilemma” (Features, Nov. 25) should have stated that many, not most, of Googles employees dont want the militarys business.SERVER: PHOTOGRAPH BY QUINN RUSSELL BROWN FOR BLOOMBERG BUSINESSWEEK. COVER: ALAMY (2). AP IMAGES (1

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42、O. BAGHDAD: MURTADHA SUDANI/ANADOLU AGENCY/GETTY IMAGES. MERKEL: GETTY IMAGES. *THROUGH NOV. 29. DATA: COMPILED BY BLOOMBERG President Trump escalated U.S. trade tensions with other nations. First he slapped levies on steel and aluminum from Brazil and Argentina in retaliation for what he called cur

43、rency manipulation. Then he threatened duties on wine from France in response to a French technology tax. Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin (above, in 2004) will step down as leaders of parent Alphabet. The role will be assumed by Google CEO Sundar Pichai. Page and Brin will still be con

44、trolling shareholders and stay on the board. Russia began shipping natural gas to northern China through a 1,900-mile pipeline. Pure Alpha II, the $40 billion flagship fund of Ray Dalios Bridgewater Associates, is having one of its worst years on record, down 2% so far in 2019, according to people f

45、amiliar with its performance. Bridgewater, the worlds largest hedge fund firm, said on Dec. 3 that Co-Chief Executive Officer Eileen Murray is leaving. With about a week until general elections in the U.K., Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn traded barbs over whos to blame

46、for the prison release of a convicted terrorist who went on a knife attack in central London on Nov. 29 that left two people dead and others injured. Hong Kongs retail sales suffered a record contraction in October, falling a worse-than- expected24.3% as months of political unrest in the city take t

47、heir toll on consumers. German Chancellor Angela Merkels coalition has come under strain after her left-wing partner, the Social Democratic Party, picked two government critics as its new leaders. With Beijing trying to move away from coal, Chinese gas consumption is surging. For President Vladimir

48、Putin, the supply contract marks a welcome pivot to the fast-growing economies of Asia as relations deteriorate with the West. “You just cant go around making statements like that about NATO. Its very disrespectful.”President Trump, a frequent critic of NATO, presented himself as an unlikely champion of the military alliance at its 70th anniversary summit in London, blasting French President Emmanuel Macron for calling the group brain-dead. Security forces in Baghdad clash with protesters, who continue to mount anti- government demonstrations even after Iraqi Prime Minister Adel A