2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题汇总精品.docx

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1、2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题汇总2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题 Constitutional Crises Bring Attention to European Monarchs 宪法危机引发人们对欧洲君主的关注 For most of the last 100 years, Europes royalty have mainly been known for big weddings and newspaper gossip. Now, that might be changing. 在过去的一百多年里，欧洲王室成员主要以大型婚礼和报纸八卦而著名于世。 Spains King

2、 Felipe VI used his power to denounce Catalonian separatism. He called the leaders of the 2017 popular vote for independence from Spain criminals. He also said it was his constitutional duty to save national unity. 西班牙国王费利佩六世动用了他的影响力指责加泰罗尼亚的分别主义。他称2017年加泰罗尼亚独立公投的领导人是罪犯。他还表示，维护国家统一是他的宪法责任。 Recently,

3、the British media has wondered if Queen Elizabeth II will be called upon to end a possible constitutional crisis. It could involve Prime Minister Boris Johnsons plans to withdraw Britain from the European Union on October 31. Johnson said he will move forward with “Brexit” even if there is no offici

4、al agreement with the EU. 最近，英国媒体很想知道英国女王伊丽莎白二世是否会被要求终止一项潜在的宪法危机。这可能涉及到英国首相鲍里斯约翰逊安排于10月31日退出欧盟。约翰逊表示，即便未同欧盟达成正式协议，他也将推动英国脱欧。 Monarchs Face Political Crises, And Risks 君主面临政治危机和风险 The two royal heads of state would appear to have little in common. 这两位王室领导好像没有什么共同之处。 Elizabeth II has been Queen for 67

5、 years. Felipe became King just five years ago after the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos, who was restored to the throne by dictator Francisco Franco in 1969. 伊丽莎白二世已经在女王位置上坐了67年。费利佩于5年前在他的父亲胡安卡洛斯退位后成为了西班牙国王。卡洛斯于1969年被独裁者弗朗西斯科佛朗哥复原王位。 They are relatives through Queen Victoria, who ruled t

6、he British Empire in the 1800s. 他们都是曾于19世纪统治大英帝国的维多利亚女王的亲属。 Political science professor William Ogilvie de la Vega of Franciso Marroquin University in Madrid said that both rulers are being asked to make political decisions. He said the reason is because elected politicians seem to be unable to do t

7、heir jobs. 马德里Franciso Marroquin高校的政治学教授威廉奥格尔维德拉维加表示，这两位统治者都被要求做出政治确定。他说缘由是当选的政治家好像无法胜任其职。 The two monarchs remain as constitutional heads of state. They hold what former Spanish ambassador to Britain Federico Trillo-Figueroa describes as “sleeping powers.” 这两位君主仍旧是国家宪法意义上的元首。他们驾驭了前西班牙驻英国大使费德里科特里洛-菲

8、格罗亚所说的“未觉醒的权力。” Queen Elizabeth II has the power to start and end parliament and to sign legislation into law. She exercises those powers only at the request of the prime minister. 英国女王伊丽莎白二世有权启动和解散议会，以及将立法签署为法律。她只是应英国首相要求行使这些权力。 These powers “are normally exercised in an invisible way” Trillo-Figue

9、roa told VOA. 特里洛-菲格罗亚对美国之音表示，(君主们)“通常是以无形的方式行使”这些权力。 But stepping into politics can cause problems. 但是涉足政治可能会导致问题。 Queen Elizabeth II has the power to refuse Johnsons request to suspend parliaments session if ministers try to stop Britains EU withdrawal without an agreement. However, she would risk

10、 angering the most traditional parts of British society and many of them voted to leave the EU in a 2015 popular vote. Officials at Buckingham Palace, the home of British monarchs, has said that the “will of parliament should be respected.” 假如内阁部长们试图阻挡英国无协议脱欧，约翰逊会提请女王暂停议会，伊丽莎白二世有权拒绝约翰逊的这一恳求。然而她要冒着激怒

11、英国社会最传统势力的风险，他们中的大多数人在2015年公投中投票支持英国脱欧。英国王室所在的白金汉宫的官员表示：“议会的意愿应当得到敬重。” A top supporter of Brexit, Nigel Farage, then released an attack on the royal family. 英国脱欧的一位高层支持者奈杰尔法拉格随后对王室发表了攻击言论。 King Felipe similarly earned the anger of Catalan nationalists by openly supporting the federal governments dir

12、ect rule over Catalonia. Barcelona Mayor Ada Colau opposes Catalan independence, but she stays away from the king when he comes to Spains second largest city. Felipe is usually met with protests in the Catalan capital. 费利佩国王公开支持联邦政府对加泰罗尼亚的干脆统治同样招来了加泰罗尼亚民族主义者的生气。巴塞罗那市长阿达科洛反对加泰罗尼亚独立，但是当费利佩国王来到了巴塞罗那这座西

13、班牙其次大城市时，她与国王保持了距离。费利佩在加泰罗尼亚首府巴塞罗那通常会遇到抗议。 The newspaper El Mundo reported that former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy advised against a royal televised speech during the crisis in Catalonia. In the speech, Felipe accused Catalan officials of acting with unacceptable “disloyalty,” before the government

14、 officially charged them with sedition and rebellion. 西班牙世界报报道称，前首相马里亚诺拉霍伊不赞成王室在加泰罗尼亚危机期间的一次电视讲话。在西班牙政府正式指控加泰罗尼亚官员煽动叛乱之前，费利佩国王就在这次讲话中指责他们实行了令人无法接受的不忠行为。 But Raquel Casviner Caellas of the Catalan Civic Union said the king needed to speak to Spanish unionists who felt that the central government had

15、been too weak. 但是加泰罗尼亚公民联盟的拉奎尔卡斯维纳卡纳拉斯表示，国王须要与西班牙统一主义者对话，他们认为中心政府过于懦弱。 Felipes father, Juan Carlos, helped the country move to democracy after the death of Franco. He later helped stop an attempt by the military in 1981 to seize power. 费利佩的父亲卡洛斯在佛朗哥去世后帮助西班牙走向了民主。他随后还帮助阻挡了1981年军方试图夺权政权的企图。 The younge

16、r generations of royals also seem to be more interested in politics. Prince Harrys wife Meghan Markle, Duchess of Sussex, has been criticized for her political opinions in a coming article she edited for British Vogue, titled “Fifteen forces for change.” 年轻一代的王室成员好像对政治更感爱好。哈里王子的妻子、苏塞克斯公爵夫人梅森马克尔为英国时尚

17、杂志编辑了一篇题为15种变革力气的文章，她在这篇即将发表的文章中表现出来的政治观点就受到了指责。 2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题 域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源 Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region 驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章 Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver 2

18、019年8月22日 22 August 2019 近期，个别域外大国罔顾南海局势持续向好的事实，就所谓南海“惊慌局势”无端指责中国，欧盟高官也表达了关切。为了让欧洲读者更加全面认知南海问题，我情愿向广阔挚友们讲讲南海的故事。 从“南中国海”的名字可以看出，南海在中国大陆的南面。中国是最早发觉和命名南海诸岛的国家，也是最早开发利用南海的国家。早在公元8世纪，欧洲进入中世纪不久，中国就起先对南海进行管辖。中国和南海沿岸国交往亲密，人民世代友好。直到20世纪前，中国对南海诸岛的主权从未遭受任何挑战。 二战结束后，中国运用美国供应的军舰，收复了日本非法侵占的南海诸岛，在岛上实行接收仪式并派兵驻守。作为

19、二战后国际秩序的组成部分，中国对南海诸岛的主权得到国际社会广泛承认。但随着南海发觉油气资源，一些沿岸国起先在南沙夺岛占礁，提出海洋权益诉求，导致南海出现争端。尽管如此，中国致力于同有关国家谈判解决争议，聚焦海上务实合作，切实维护了南海的和平稳定，维护了地区国家的发展旺盛。 世上本无事，总有人为谋取私利而到处挑拨离间、无事生非，南海也未能幸免。个别域外大国，生怕南海不乱，蓄意炒作南海“惊慌局势”，指责中国在南海“搞军事化”。殊不知中国在自己领土上部署必要防卫设施，本就是国家的合法权利。这个大国有世界上最强大的军事力气，在全世界有数百个军事基地。其不断在南海搞军事演习，派大型军舰搞“航行自由”行动

20、，把南海当作大国博弈的战场，才是南海局势惊慌的重要根源。 个别域外大国总喜爱讲南海问题，但在一些多边场合，其国家代表发完言就扬长而去，不愿倾听地区国家对南海和平稳定的关切。可以说，这个大国所关切的南海问题，同中国和东盟国家所关切的南海问题，根本就不是同一个问题。这个大国的真实目的是搅浑南海，为维持地区军事存在找借口，维护亚太霸权和海洋霸主地位。 个别域外大国言南海必称“航行自由”问题，然而这个问题在南海根本就不存在。中国对外贸易和能源运输的60%以上通过南海，中国比任何国家更关切南海航行自由。事实是，每年有十几万艘商船通行南海，从没有一艘遇到过航行自由问题。这些域外大国每天喊“航行自由”，想要

21、的莫不是乱闯别国领海的“横行自由”? 南海地区国家有维护和平稳定与推动地区合作的共同意愿。中国不会任由领土主权和地区平安受到侵害，也不会坐视域外大国搅乱南海秩序。希望域外国家敬重地区国家的意愿和选择，多发挥建设性作用，不要为一己私利，也不要人云亦云，成为威逼南海和平稳定的风险源。 域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源 Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region 驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章 Ambassador Zhang Ming, Hea

22、d of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver 2019年8月22日 22 August 2019 Recently, despite the continued improvement in the situation in the South China Sea, a major power outside the region has kept making unwarranted accusations against China over the so-called “tensions”

23、in the South China Sea. Senior EU officials have expressed similar concerns. To help European readers get a full picture of the South China Sea issue, I wish to share with you the other side of the story. As its name suggests, the “South China Sea” is to the south of the Chinese mainland. China was

24、the first country to discover, name and develop the South China Sea islands. As early as in the 8th century, shortly after Europe entered the Middle Ages, China started administering the South China Sea. China has maintained close exchanges with the littoral states of the South China Sea and has enj

25、oyed friendship with peoples of these countries from generation to generation. Before the 20th century, Chinas sovereignty over the South China Sea islands had never been challenged. After the end of World War II, China used naval ships provided by the United States and recovered the South China Sea

26、 islands illegally occupied by Japan. On the islands, the takeover ceremonies were held and troops started to be stationed. As part of the post-war international order, Chinas sovereignty over the South China Sea islands has been widely recognized by the international community. However, with the di

27、scovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, some littoral states have sought to seize islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, and made claims to maritime entitlements, leading to disputes in the South China Sea. That being said, China has been committed to settling the disputes through

28、 negotiation with the countries directly concerned, and focusing on practical maritime cooperation. Such efforts have contributed to the overall peace and stability in the South China Sea as well as development and prosperity of countries in this region. We would deserve a more peaceful world, were

29、it not for the instigation and trouble-making of some forces for their own agenda. The South China Sea is unfortunately no exception. A major power outside the region has deliberately hyped up the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea and accused China of “militarizing” the region. The fact is

30、 that China has every legitimate right to deploy necessary defence facilities on its own territory. That major power, with the worlds most powerful military forces and hundreds of military bases across the world, has kept staging military exercises in the South China Sea and sent large warships ther

31、e for the so-called “freedom of navigation” operations, trying to turn the South China Sea into an arena for major-power wrestling. This is THE source of tensions in the South China Sea. That major power enjoys raising the South China Sea issue. Yet on some multilateral occasions, its representative

32、s would take the exit immediately after finishing what they had to say, giving little heed to the call of the littoral countries for peace and stability in the South China Sea. It is fair to say that when it comes to the South China Sea issue, that major power cares about things totally different fr

33、om those of China and ASEAN countries. Its real agenda is to muddy the waters and seek excuses to justify its military presence in the region, in order to uphold its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific and maritime supremacy the world over. That major power always questions the “freedom of navigation” in t

34、he South China Sea, but there is nothing to question at all. More than 60% of Chinas foreign trade and energy supplies pass through the South China Sea, so China has a greater stake in the freedom of navigation than any other country. The reality is that more than 100,000 merchant ships pass through

35、 these waters every year and not a single vessel has ever run into any problem with the freedom of navigation. When a major power outside the region talk about the freedom of navigation, does it mean to have a license to do whatever it wants in other countries territorial waters? This might be the r

36、eal question. Littoral states share the commitment to maintaining peace and stability and promoting cooperation in the South China Sea. China would not allow its territorial sovereignty and regional security to be undermined, nor would it allow any major power outside the region to muddy the waters.

37、 It is our hope that countries outside the region could respect the wishes and choices of countries in the region and play a more constructive role. Any attempt to impose ones own selfish agenda or blindly follow suit from the outside would only pose real risks to peace and stability in the South Ch

38、ina Sea. 2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题 Climate Change: A Race We Must Win We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human histor

39、y; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. Th

40、e latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people. The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental

41、Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that

42、 can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings. Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the na

43、tural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UNs Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one? To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implemen

44、t the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General Antnio Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organiza

45、tions to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance wi

46、th a net zero economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries nationally determined contributions by 2020, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. As the second largest econom

47、y in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars investment in renewable energy in

48、 2017. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of Chinas total bus fleet being electrified according to research fr