2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题分享精编.docx

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1、2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题分享2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译汉译英练习题 如何吸引更多中国游客? 程学源大使在斯里兰卡主流媒体发表专栏文章 2019年7月23日 在来到斯里兰卡之前，我不可思议在这六万多平方公里的土地上，遍布着这么多的世界奇观。康提湖的湖光山色，加勒古城的烂漫古朴，科伦坡的绚丽多彩，狮子岩的惊险刺激，都让人称赞不已。很多中国游客都像我一样被这些美景所吸引。 在中国驻斯里兰卡使馆的大力支持和推动下，中国赴斯里兰卡的旅游人数已达到每年近30万人次，在斯迎来的外国游客中数量稳居前列。但与同为中国近邻的泰国相比，斯里兰卡所吸引的中国游客数量却又不值得一提了，2018年赴泰中国

2、游客已突破千万。 究其缘由，我想主要有几个方面。首先是语言障碍。许多中国游客不习惯英语运用，更不懂僧伽罗语等当地语言，中文导游陪伴和讲解非常必要，而斯里兰卡当地懂中文的导游人数又极少，但又不允许中国的导游陪伴游客前来。另一方面，中国人对中国美食情有独钟，出门在外仍旧是“中国胃”，但由于工作签证很难申请，开办中餐厅很不简单，所以斯里兰卡的中餐厅数量有限，有时无法满意中国游客的需求。此外，中国游客习惯了中国烟酒，在斯旅游期间无法买到中国烟酒，甚至不允许携带本人自用的少量中国香烟，这种在许多其他国家所没有的限制让中国游客不习惯。 事实上，这些便利性、体验感和华蜜感恰恰是中国游客最为关注的一点，也是他

3、们确定旅游目的地的关键因素之一。我留意到前不久泰国国家旅游局答中国记者问时强调，2019年该局对中国市场的推广重点在增加便利性和华蜜感上，希望到达泰国的中国挚友得到高品质的旅游体验。 中国是全球最大的游客来源地，中国出境旅游人数、境外旅游消费已连续多年位居世界第一。中国旅游市场的浩大是其他许多国家无法比拟和想象的，而旅游业带动的航空、酒店、交通和餐饮等其他行业的增长也是相当可观的。当前中斯关系发展已进入快车道，两国正如火如荼地共建“一带一路”，各领域交往日益频密，中斯旅游合作的前景亦非常广袤。 假如斯里兰卡能不断改善旅游环境，像泰国一样关注提升游客的舒适度，切实解决前面所说的那些对中国游客的障

4、碍，我信任将来会有更多的中国游客慕名而来，为斯里兰卡带来更多的消费，也为当地经济增长注入更强劲的动力。 How to Attract More Chinese Tourists to Sri Lanka? Published by Ambassador Cheng Xueyuan on Sri Lankan Newspaper 23 July 2019 Before being nominated as the Chinese Ambassador to Sri Lanka and arriving at the country to assume my office, I could har

5、dly imagine that there are so many world wonders on this tropical island of over 60,000 square kilometers. The graceful lake and mountains of Kandy, the quaint and ancient city of Galle, the gorgeous and colorful Colombo, and the breathtaking thrills of Lion Rock are all amazing and stunning. Many C

6、hinese tourists have been attracted to these beautiful sceneries with pleasant surprise like me. With the strong support and promotion of the Sri Lankan government as well as the Chinese Embassy in Sri Lanka, the number of Chinese tourists to Sri Lanka has reached nearly 300,000 annually and ranks t

7、he top among foreign tourists to Sri Lanka. However, this number is only a peanut while comparing with the number of Chinese tourists attracted by Thailand, which is also a neighbor of China. In 2018, Chinese tourists to Thailand have exceeded 10 million. The reasons mainly include following aspects

8、. Firstly is language barrier. Many Chinese tourists are not accustomed to English language, much less the Sinhalese or Tamil language. Chinese-speaking tour guides accompany and interpretation is a must for them. But there are very few Chinese-speaking local guides here, and Chinese guides are proh

9、ibited from entering Sri Lanka and accompanying with tourists. Besides, Chinese people always have “Chinese stomach” when traveling. They show strong preference to Chinese food. However, it is difficult for a Chinese chef to obtain a working visa to work in or set up a Chinese restaurant. Therefore,

10、 the number of Chinese restaurants in Sri Lanka is limited and sometimes cannot meet needs of Chinese tourists. In addition, a large percentage of Chinese tourists are accustomed to Chinese tobacco and alcohol, which is a reality that the tourism industries in Sri Lanka has to consider seriously, al

11、though it is not healthy at all and should not be encouraged. The tourists cannot buy Chinese tobacco and alcohol during their stay, and even not allowed to bring a few Chinese cigarettes with them for their personal own use when entering this island. These restrictions make Chinese tourists unaccus

12、tomed, which dont exist or at least have some level of exemption or tolerance in many other countries. In fact, conveniences, experiences and happiness are precisely what Chinese tourists most care about, and one of the key factors in their decision-making of travel destinations. I noticed that the

13、Tourism Authority of Thailand emphasized in an interview that the promotion of the Chinese market in 2019 will focus on increasing convenience and happiness, hoping all Chinese friends in Thailand would enjoy high-quality experience. China is the worlds largest source of tourists with large scale of

14、 outbound tourists and ranks No.1 in overseas consumption in the world for many years. The size of Chinas tourism market is too huge to imagine and compare by many other countries. The growth of related industries such as aviation, hotels, transportation and catering promoted by the tourism industry

15、 is also considerable. At present, the Sino-Sri Lanka relations has stepped into a fast development period. The implementation of Belt and Road Initiative between the two countries is in full swing, the exchanges in various fields are increasingly frequent, and the prospect for Sino-Sri Lanka touris

16、m cooperation is also promising. Im fully confident that if Sri Lanka could continuously improve the tourism environment, focus on improving the comfort of foreign tourists as much as Thailand, adjust relevant regulations in accordance with Sri Lankan laws, ease the existing obstacles for foreign to

17、urists effectively, more and more Chinese tourists will be attracted to Sri Lanka, which will stimulate tourism, consumption and stronger vitality to local economy growth. 2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译汉译英练习题 中国新疆好地方 驻尼日利亚大使周平剑在人民报发表署名文章 2019年7月26日 新疆是中国五个少数民族自治区之一，占全国国土总面积六分之一，常住人口约2500万。 7月21日，中国国务院新闻办公室发表新疆的若干历

18、史问题白皮书，从历史、宗教、民族、文化等角度，明确阐述新疆是中国领土不行分割的一部分，新疆各民族、各文化是中华民族、中华文化的组成部分。尼日利亚拥有超过250个民族，是非洲人口最多的国家，同样中国也是统一的多民族、多宗教国家。 一段时间以来，一些西方政客、媒体不断攻击中国政府对新疆的治理，诬称新疆出现“大规模侵扰人权”的“集中营”，这完全是骇人听闻、恶意捏造。 三个月前，我第四次前往新疆，一周时间里实地参访当地的教培中心，与老师、学员和学员家属当面沟通。我参观了教室、宿舍、食堂、运动场，到处窗明几净，学员欢声笑语。学员们的国语水平和法律意识明显增加。进行缝纫、美发、电子商务等实训的学员动作娴熟

19、，乐在其中。学员对将来充溢信念，家属也感到欣慰。 很多参访过教培中心的外国挚友都说，他们看到的是勤奋的学员们和欢乐的校内，所谓“集中营”指控不攻自破。6月18日至21日，15个国家和组织常驻日内瓦代表和主要外交官参观访问新疆，与社区群众、农夫、老师、学生等面对面沟通。尼日利亚常驻日内瓦代表卡迪里大使说：“我之前看过一些媒体对新疆职业技能教化培训中心的负面报道，和我今日亲眼看到的事实完全不同，他们的报道是虚假的。建立职业技能教化培训中心是中国反恐工作的一种新尝试，这种尝试特别好。”7月12日，包含尼日利亚在内37个国家常驻日内瓦大使联名致函联合国人权理事会主席和人权高专，主动评价中国新疆人权事业

20、发展成就和反恐、去极端化成果，支持中国在涉疆问题上的立场。我们对尼方挚友的支持表示赞许和感谢。 今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。70年来中国发生历史性改变，人权事业取得历史性进步。中国已成为世界其次大经济体，去年国内生产总值突破13.6万亿美元，形成了世界上最大规模的中等收入群体，连续多年对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。过去40年我们削减了7.4亿贫困人口，近14亿中国人不愁吃不愁穿，到2020年将实现一个不落的全面脱贫，创建人类发展和减贫史上新的宏大奇迹。这是最大的人权工程，最好的人权故事，也是中国对世界人权事业的最重要贡献。 至于新疆正在发生什么改变?我想从四个方面与尼方挚友共享真实故事

21、： 第一、新疆经济发展取得巨大进步。70年来，特殊是1978年以来，新疆经济持续平稳高质量发展，2018年地区生产总值近2000亿美元。各族人民生活水平大幅提高，城镇、农村居民人均可支配收入分别超过4800美元和1700美元。以就业、教化、医疗、社保等为重点的惠民工程持续推动。2014年至2018年，全疆累计实现230万人脱贫，贫困发生率由19.4%下降至6.1%。今明两年将实现81.71万人脱贫，确保到2020年现行标准下的农村贫困人口全部脱贫、消退肯定贫困，与全国同步全面建成小康社会。 其次、新疆仍面临严峻反恐挑战。虽然新疆各项事业持续发展进步，但也面临严峻挑战。上世纪90年头以来，境内外

22、“三股势力”在新疆策划实施了数千起暴力恐怖事务。我今年四月在乌鲁木齐参观新疆暴恐案例展，展出的大量暴恐图片和视频骇人动目，暴恐行径惨无人道、令人发指。与此同时，宗教极端思想泛滥，也日益助长了恐怖主义。自治区政府依法实行系列措施，既重拳打击暴恐犯罪，又主动探究预防性反恐和去极端化举措，包括建立职业技能教化培训中心，卓有成效，深得人心。 第三、新疆的教培中心事实上是寄宿学校，而非别有专心者所说的“集中营”。教培中心本质上是一种预防性反恐，是防患于未然，防病于未病和小病，旨在最大限度教化挽救那些受极端思想感染、有稍微违法犯罪行为的人员，避开其成为恐怖主义和极端主义的受害者和牺牲品。学员通过“三学一去

23、”，即学国家通用语言、法律学问和职业技能，实现去极端化目标。学员可以定期回家，有事随时请假，亲属可以来访，还可以视频电话沟通。学员达到结业标准后，由学校和政府举荐就业或自主创业等。教培中心免费供应食宿，依法保障学员各项基本权利，满意学员学习、生活、消遣等需求。开展职业技能教化培训工作是新疆在特别时期实行的特别做法，随着反恐形势好转，教培中心的规模会逐步缩小，直至结束。 第四、新疆是个自由、平安的地方。新疆实行多种措施爱护公民宗教信仰自由、保障各族人民文化权利和运用本民族语言文字的权利。新疆有清真寺、教堂、寺院、道观等宗教活动场所2.48万座，有宗教教职人员2.93万人，设有伊斯兰教经学院等10

24、所宗教院校，平均每530位穆斯林就有一座清真寺。少数民族优秀传统文化得到爱护和弘扬，维吾尔木卡姆艺术、柯尔克孜史诗玛纳斯列入“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”。民族语言文字在司法、行政、教化、新闻出版、广播电视、互联网、社会公共事务等领域广泛运用。妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人权利得到充分敬重和依法爱护。新疆稳定红利持续释放，已连续超过30个月没有发生暴恐事务，去年共接待1.5亿人次旅游，预料今年有望达2亿人次。一个有近2亿人次进出的地方，能说担心全、不自由吗? 在人权问题上，没有最好，只有更好。我们将接着全方位推动中国人权事业发展，不断满意人民对美妙生活的需求和憧憬，接着携手各国共同在世界范围内促

25、进和爱护人权，助力构建人类命运共同体。 “鞋子合不合脚，自己穿了才知道”。在中国新疆问题上，最有发言权的是新疆各族人民。我们真诚欢迎尼方挚友到新疆实地考察，感受一个漂亮、真实、好客的新疆，一个好地方。 Xinjiang, a Good Place in China Signed Article by Ambassador Zhou Pingjian on the Peoples Daily Newspaper 26 July 2019 Xinjiang is one of the five ethnic autonomous regions in China which covers an a

26、rea of about one sixth of the entire country with a population of 25 million. On July 21, The State Council Information Office of China published a white paper on historical matters concerning Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwest China. From historic, religious, ethnic and cultural perspect

27、ives, the white paper clearly explains that Xinjiang has long been an inseparable part of Chinese territory as well as its ethnic groups and cultures. Similar to Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa with over 250 ethnic groups, China is also a united multi-ethnic nation founded jointly by th

28、e people of all its ethnic groups as well as different religious beliefs. For some time, some politicians and media in the western countries continuously attacked Chinas policy in Xinjiang, falsely claiming that a large number of “concentration camps” violating human rights have been established the

29、re. Nothing could be further from the truth. Three month ago, I spent a whole week in Xinjiang and travelled across the region. That was my fourth trip to Xinjiang. I had face-to-face communication with teachers, the trainees and their families in some training centers. I also visited classrooms, do

30、rmitories, canteens and sports fields. Everywhere I went, I was impressed by the brightness, cleanness as well as happiness and cheerful voices from the trainees. The level of the national common language and legal awareness of all trainees have been greatly enhanced. The trainees who have practiced

31、 sewing, hairdressing and e-commerce are very skilled, and they enjoy it. They become more and more confidence in their future and their families are also gratified. Many foreign friends who have visited the training centers said that what they saw were diligent students and happy campus, and the so

32、-called accusation of “concentration camps” fell apart. From June 18 to 21, diplomats and representatives based in Geneva from 14 countries and an organization visited Xinjiang and interacted extensively with local residents, farmers, teachers and students in various places across the region. Among

33、them, Nigerian Ambassador Audu Ayinla Kadiri said what he saw was entirely different from some negative media reports on the vocational education and training centers. On July 12, Ambassadors of 37 countries including Nigeria and many members from Organization of Islamic Cooperation sent a joint let

34、ter to the President of the UN Human Rights Council and the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to show their support for China on its “remarkable achievements in the field of human rights”. We highly appreciate the support from our Nigerian friends. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the fou

35、nding of the Peoples Republic of China. The past seven decades have witnessed a great transformation in China and historic progress never seen before in the countrys human rights development. China has grown into the second largest economy in the world, with its GDP surpassing 13.6 trillion U.S. dol

36、lars in 2018. It now boasts the worlds largest middle income population and has contributed to over 30% of global growth for many years in a row. Over the past 40 years, China has lifted over 740 million people out of poverty and met the basic needs of nearly 1.4 billion people. And by 2020, we will

37、 achieve comprehensive poverty eradication with no one left behind. It is fair to say that China has made a new great achievement in the history of the development and in the history of poverty reduction of the world. This is the largest human rights project, the best human rights story, and also th

38、e most important contribution of China to the cause of human rights of the world. As for what is really happening in Xinjiang, I would like to share the true story from four aspects with Nigerian friends: Firstly, Xinjiang is enjoying prominent economic development. Over the past 70 years, especiall

39、y since 1978, Xinjiang has witnessed sustained and steady high-quality economic development, with its GDP for 2018 exceeding nearly 200 billion U.S. dollars. Peoples living standard has greatly improved, with urban and rural residents per capita disposable income reaching respectively over 4,800 and

40、 1,700 U.S. dollars. Public-interest projects regarding employment, education, medical services and social security have been moved forward. From 2014 to 2018, a total of 2.3 million people in Xinjiang were lifted out of poverty, with the poverty headcount ratio dropping from 19.4 percent to 6.1 per

41、cent. From 2019 to 2020, 817,100 people will shake off poverty. By 2020, all rural residents living below the current poverty line will be lifted out of poverty, absolute poverty will be eradicated as Xinjiang keeps pace with the rest of China in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in

42、 all respects. Secondly, Xinjiang is still facing severe challenges of anti-terrorism. Despite the progress Xinjiang has made in various undertakings, Xinjiang is also confronted with challenges. Since the 1990s, the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism and extremism inside and outside China have

43、 orchestrated and executed thousands of violent terrorist attacks in Xinjiang. The Exhibition on Major Incidents of Violent Terrorist Attacks in Xinjiang, which I viewed with great shock in late April this year, presents a large number of pictures and video footage about the appallingly cruel acts a

44、gainst humanity committed by violent terrorists. At the same time, the spread of religious extremist thoughts had stoked the terrorist rampage. The government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has taken a series of measures according to law to crack down on violent terrorist crimes on the one hand

45、 and actively explored preventive anti-terrorism and deradicalization measures on the other, including setting up vocational education and training centers. These efforts have been effective and won the sincere support of the people. Thirdly, Xinjiangs training centers are not “camps” but “campus”.

46、There is no difference between a training center and a boarding school. The vocational education and training program is preventive counter-terrorism in nature and a precautionary step to prevent a disease or treat it in its early stages, as we do in traditional Chinese medicine. It aims to educate

47、and rehabilitate to the greatest extent possible the individuals who have been influenced by extremist ideologies and committed minor offenses, so that they will not be victimized by and fall prey to terrorism and extremism. Courses on the national common language, legal knowledge and vocational ski

48、lls help the trainees deradicalize themselves. The trainees can go home regularly, ask for a leave when needed, make phone or video calls to their family, and their family can come to the training centers to visit them. Upon completion of the courses, the trainees will be recommended for employment or self-employment by the school and the government. The training centers provide free accommodations and safeguard all basic rights of the trainees in accordance with the law to meet their needs in study, life and entertainment. I must point out that the vocational education and training pro