人教版高中英语必修1unit4课文知识点详解.ppt

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1、基础落实基础落实.高频单词思忆高频单词思忆1.The machine is driven by 1.The machine is driven by e e . .2.A great many houses were 2.A great many houses were d d in the in the earthquake and many people became homeless. earthquake and many people became homeless.3.The hurricane left the whole city in 3.The hurricane left

2、 the whole city in r r . .4.It 4.It t t my coat in the car door when I my coat in the car door when I got out of the car. got out of the car.lectricitylectricityestroyedestroyeduinsuinsrappedrappedUnit 4 EarthquakesUnit 4 Earthquakes5.He 5.He b b into the room without knocking. into the room without

3、 knocking. 6.Many men were 6.Many men were ( (埋葬埋葬) underground ) underground when the accident at the mine happened. when the accident at the mine happened. 7.It is an area where natural 7.It is an area where natural ( (灾灾 难难) often happen.) often happen.8.The firemen 8.The firemen ( (援救援救) the boy

4、 from ) the boy from the burning house. the burning house. 9.Teachers have 9.Teachers have ( (表达表达) concern ) concern about the emphasis on testing. about the emphasis on testing. 10.I 10.I ( (祝贺祝贺) them all on their ) them all on their results. results.ursturstburiedburieddisastersdisastersrescuedr

5、escuedexpressedexpressedcongratulatedcongratulated.重点短语再现重点短语再现1.1. 结束；终结结束；终结2.2. 照常照常3.3. 掘出；发现；找出掘出；发现；找出4.4. 作为作为而闻名而闻名5.5. 被被覆盖覆盖6.6. 轻视；看不起轻视；看不起7.7. 为纪念为纪念8.8. 以以为骄傲为骄傲9.9. 放弃放弃10.10. 从从判断判断at an endat an endas usualas usualdig outdig outbe known asbe known asbe covered bybe covered bythink l

6、ittle ofthink little ofin honour ofin honour ofbe proud ofbe proud of give upgive upjudge fromjudge from1 .Thousands of families were killed and many 1 .Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. children were left without parents.成千上万成千上万 个家庭遇难，许多孩子失去了父母。个家庭遇难，许多

7、孩子失去了父母。 此处此处leaveleave表示表示“ ”， 其后通常接复合宾语，即宾语加形容词、过去分其后通常接复合宾语，即宾语加形容词、过去分 词、现在分词、介词（短语）等作宾语补足语。词、现在分词、介词（短语）等作宾语补足语。考点提炼考点提炼使处于使处于状态状态3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose 3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭工人们为那些家园遭 受破坏的幸

8、存者建了住所。受破坏的幸存者建了住所。 是定语从句。关系代词是定语从句。关系代词whosewhose引导定语从句时，引导定语从句时， whosewhose在从句中充当定语，在从句中充当定语，whosewhose指人，也可指物。指人，也可指物。考点提炼考点提炼whose homes had been destroyedwhose homes had been destroyed4.The army organized teams to dig out those 4.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to

9、 bury the dead. who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队部队 组织人员挖出被困者，掩埋死者。组织人员挖出被困者，掩埋死者。 the deadthe dead意为意为“ ”。“ ”“ ” 常表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词要用常表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词要用 形式。形式。5.The man was sleeping downstairs when the 5.The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. earthquake happened.当地震发生的时候，

10、这个当地震发生的时候，这个 人正在楼下睡觉。人正在楼下睡觉。 此处此处whenwhen为并列连词，意为为并列连词，意为“ ”，前面分句常用，前面分句常用 时态。时态。考点提炼考点提炼死者死者the+the+形容词形容词复数复数考点提炼考点提炼正在这正在这时时/那时那时进行进行导练互动导练互动重点单词重点单词1.ruin1.ruin In fifteen terrible seconds a large city In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in lay in .(.(回归课本回归课本P P2626) ) 观察思考观察思考 The b

11、ank stepped in to save the company The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin. from financial ruin. 银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。 My new shoes got ruined in the mud.My new shoes got ruined in the mud. 我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。ruinsruins归纳总结归纳总结ruin ruin 。be in ruinsbe in ruins成为

12、废墟成为废墟be the ruin ofbe the ruin of成为成为毁灭（堕落）的原因毁灭（堕落）的原因bring sb.to ruinbring sb.to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产使某人失败；使倾家荡产come/fall to/into ruincome/fall to/into ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉掉ruin oneselfruin oneself自取灭亡自取灭亡ruin ones health/fameruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康毁坏某人的健康/ /名誉名誉n n. .毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；v v

13、. .（使）破产；（使）破产；（使）堕落，毁灭（使）堕落，毁灭易混辨异易混辨异destroy,ruin,damage,break,spoildestroy,ruin,damage,break,spoil(1)destroy(1)destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破破坏，毁坏坏，毁坏”，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。（2 2）ruinruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的力量

14、进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。意思。（3 3）damagedamage是程度较小的是程度较小的“破坏，损坏破坏，损坏”，一般指，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。被破坏的物品可以重新修复。（4 4）breakbreak是是“破坏，打破，打碎破坏，打破，打碎”的意思。它表的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。（5 5）spoilspoil破坏，糟蹋，其重点在于破坏事物原先

15、破坏，糟蹋，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使事物不再具有原先的特点，宾的结构、和谐性，使事物不再具有原先的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。语常是景致、食欲、计划等。即学即用即学即用（1 1）大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。）大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。 The heavy rain The heavy rain . . （2 2）多年的战事已使伊拉克满目疮痍。）多年的战事已使伊拉克满目疮痍。 Years of fighting has left Iraq Years of fighting has left Iraq . .ruined our holidayruined our hol

16、idayin ruinsin ruins3.burst3.burst In the city,the water pipes in some In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and buildings cracked and .(.(回归课本回归课本P P2626) ) 观察思考观察思考 The excellent performance of Chinese The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic com

17、petitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic Games caused bursts of applause. Games caused bursts of applause. 在第在第2929届北京奥运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现届北京奥运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现 赢得了阵阵掌声。赢得了阵阵掌声。 She was bursting to tell him the good news.She was bursting to tell him the good news. 她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。burstburst归纳总结归纳总结bu

18、rstburst 。burst outburst out突然迸发；爆发突然迸发；爆发burst out doing sth.burst out doing sth.（=burst into+=burst into+n.n.）突）突然然起来起来be bursting to do sth.be bursting to do sth.渴望；急着要做（某事）渴望；急着要做（某事）burst in/intoburst in/into闯进，突然破门而入闯进，突然破门而入burst with anger/grief/joyburst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒勃然大怒/ /心痛欲绝心痛

19、欲绝/ /乐不可支乐不可支vtvt.& .& vivi. .（使）爆裂；（使）裂开；（使）（使）爆裂；（使）裂开；（使）炸炸开；突然出现；爆发；开；突然出现；爆发；n n. .突然破裂；爆发突然破裂；爆发即学即用即学即用（1 1） John working hard John working hard his lost his lost time,his mother burst time,his mother burst laughing. laughing. A.Seen;to keep up with;into A.Seen;to keep up with;into B.Seeing;t

20、o make up;out B.Seeing;to make up;out C.Having seen;to catch up with;into C.Having seen;to catch up with;into D.On seeing;to make up for;out D.On seeing;to make up for;out（2 2）She She into tears the moment she knew into tears the moment she knew she had failed that exam. she had failed that exam. A.

21、burst B.broke A.burst B.broke C.shocked D.cried C.shocked D.criedDA4.shock4.shock People were People were .(.(回归课本回归课本P P2626) ) 观察思考观察思考 I was shocked at the news of her death.I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她的死讯十分震惊。我听到她的死讯十分震惊。 I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.I was shocked t

22、o hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。 The news of his death was a shock to us.The news of his death was a shock to us. 他的死讯令我们震惊。他的死讯令我们震惊。shockedshocked归纳总结归纳总结shock shock 。with/from shockwith/from shock由于震惊由于震惊a shocking accidenta shocking accident令人吃惊的事故令人吃惊的事故come as a shock

23、 to e as a shock to sb.令某人大吃一惊令某人大吃一惊in a state of shockin a state of shock惊魂未定惊魂未定suffer from shocksuffer from shock休克休克be shocked atbe shocked at对对感到吃惊感到吃惊be shocked to dobe shocked to do深感意外地去做深感意外地去做n n. .打击；震惊；打击；震惊；vtvt.& .& vivi. .使震惊；使震惊；使惊愕；使触电使惊愕；使触电即学即用即学即用（1 1）他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。）他妻子去世的消息对他

24、打击太大了。 The news of his wifes death wasThe news of his wifes death was him. him.（2 2）看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。）看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。 He He her smoking. her smoking.a terrible shock toa terrible shock towas shocked atwas shocked at5.judge5.judge Your speech was heard by a group of five Your speech was heard by a group of f

25、ive ,all of whom agreed that it was the,all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.( best one this year.(回归课本回归课本P P3030) ) 观察思考观察思考 We judge that he is the best candidate.We judge that he is the best candidate. 我们认为他是最佳人选。我们认为他是最佳人选。 The judge demanded silence in the courtroom.The judge

26、demanded silence in the courtroom.法官要求法庭上要安静。法官要求法庭上要安静。judgesjudges归纳总结归纳总结judgejudge 。(1)judge sb./sth.from/by.(1)judge sb./sth.from/by.从从来判断来判断judge between right and wrongjudge between right and wrong判断是非判断是非as far as I can judgeas far as I can judge据我判断，我认为据我判断，我认为judging by/fromjudging by/from

27、从从上看；根据上看；根据判断判断Dont judge a book by its cover.Dont judge a book by its cover.勿以貌取人；勿以貌取人；勿只凭外表判断。勿只凭外表判断。(2)Judgement (2)Judgement n n. .判断；审判；意见；判断力判断；审判；意见；判断力in ones judgementin ones judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法依某人看来，按某人的看法v v. .断定；判断；判决；断定；判断；判决；n n. .裁判员；法官；裁判员；法官；评判员评判员即学即用即学即用（1 1）我不能断定他是对还是错。）我不能断

28、定他是对还是错。 I I whether he is right or whether he is right or wrong. wrong.（2 2）由天色看来，可能会放晴。）由天色看来，可能会放晴。 ,it ,it may clear up. may clear up.cant judgecant judgeJudging from the look of the skyJudging from the look of the sky重点短语与句型重点短语与句型6.at an end6.at an end It seemed as if the world was It seemed a

29、s if the world was ! ! ( (回归课本回归课本P P2626) ) 观察思考观察思考 The war was at an end.The war was at an end.战争结束了。战争结束了。 Everything between them was at an end.Everything between them was at an end. 他们之间的一切都已结束。他们之间的一切都已结束。at an endat an end归纳总结归纳总结at an endat an end意为：意为： 。come to an end come to an end vivi.

30、.结束（用作谓语）结束（用作谓语）bring/put sth.to an end bring/put sth.to an end vtvt. .结束；制止结束；制止at the end ofat the end of在在尽头（末）（指时间或空间）尽头（末）（指时间或空间）by the end ofby the end of到到末为止（与现在完成时连用）末为止（与现在完成时连用）by the end of last.by the end of last.（与过去完成时连用）（与过去完成时连用）by the end of next.by the end of next.（用于将来完成时）（用于将来

31、完成时）in the endin the end最后，终于（作状语）最后，终于（作状语）on endon end连续连续to the endto the end到底到底without endwithout end没完没了的没完没了的结束，终结结束，终结即学即用即学即用（1 1）这一年已到年终了。）这一年已到年终了。 The year is The year is . .（2 2）会议结束了。）会议结束了。 The meeting The meeting . .at an endat an endcame to an endcame to an end7.the number of7.the n

32、umber of people who were killed or people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. injured reached more than 400,000. ( (回归课本回归课本P P2626) ) 观察思考观察思考 The number of the students standing outsideThe number of the students standing outside is about twenty. is about twenty. 有大约有大约2020个学生站在外面

33、。个学生站在外面。 The number of students from the north is The number of students from the north is small. small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。来自北方的学生人数很少。The number ofThe number of归纳总结归纳总结the number ofthe number of意为：意为： 。表示表示“许多，若干许多，若干”的短语：的短语：（2 2）many a+(single)many a+(single)n n.+.+单数谓语动词单数谓语动词的数量的数量（1 1）a large/great

34、/good number ofa large/great/good number ofa great/good manya great/good manya good few/quite a fewa good few/quite a few+(+(plpl.).)n n. .（3 3）a great/good deal ofa great/good deal ofa great/large amount ofa great/large amount ofquite a littlequite a littleLarge amounts ofLarge amounts of+ +U Un n.

35、 .注意注意 （1 1）a number of+(a number of+(plpl.).)n n. .作主语，谓作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示语动词用复数，表示“许多，大量许多，大量”。(2)the number of+(2)the number of+(plpl.).)n n. .作主语，谓语动词用单作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示数，表示“的数量的数量”。(3)large quantities of+(3)large quantities of+(plpl.).)n n././U Un n. .作主作主语，谓语动词用复数。语，谓语动词用复数。a lot of/lots ofa lot of/l

36、ots ofa great/large quantity ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities oflarge quantities ofplenty ofplenty of（4 4）+(+(plpl.).)n n././U Un n. .(4)large amounts of+(4)large amounts of+U Un n. .作主语，谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用复数。用复数。A number of problems have arisen.A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了一些问题。已经出现了一

37、些问题。We have had an enormous amount of help from We have had an enormous amount of help from people.people.我们得到了人们的大力帮助。我们得到了人们的大力帮助。即学即用即学即用（1 1） children whose parents had died inchildren whose parents had died in the earthquake the earthquake sent to live with sent to live with families in other c

38、ities. families in other cities. A.A great number of;was A.A great number of;was B.A great number of;were B.A great number of;were C.The great number of;was C.The great number of;was D.The great number of;were D.The great number of;wereB（2 2）The number of students in our schoolThe number of students

39、 in our school about 30,000 and about 30,000 and them study them study hard. hard. A.is;a large amount of A.is;a large amount of B.are;a number of B.are;a number of C.are;large amount of C.are;large amount of D.is;a large number of D.is;a large number ofD8.give out8.give out .gas that hot water .gas

40、 that hot water ( (回归课本回归课本P P2828) ) 观察思考观察思考 Students were giving out leaflets to Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street. everyone in the street. 学生们在向街上每一个人发传单。学生们在向街上每一个人发传单。 The red radiator gives out a lot of heat.The red radiator gives out a lot of heat. 那个红色的散热器放出大量的热。那个

41、红色的散热器放出大量的热。 My money will give out soon.My money will give out soon.我的钱快要用光了。我的钱快要用光了。gives outgives out归纳总结归纳总结give outgive out意为：意为： 。give sth.awaygive sth.away赠送；颁发；泄露赠送；颁发；泄露give backgive back归还；恢复归还；恢复give offgive off发出，放出发出，放出give overgive over停止，中止停止，中止give on to/onto sth.give on to/onto st

42、h.朝向，面向；通向朝向，面向；通向give upgive up放弃放弃用完；发出，分发用完；发出，分发即学即用即学即用（1 1）The gas gave The gas gave an unpleasant smell. an unpleasant smell. A.off B.in C.up D.away A.off B.in C.up D.away（2 2）Dont mention that at the beginning of Dont mention that at the beginning of the story,or it may the story,or it may t

43、he shocking the shocking ending. ending. A.give away B.give out A.give away B.give out C.give up D.give off C.give up D.give offAA9.Farmers noticed that the well walls had 9.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the

44、 cracks.In the farmyards,the out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. nervous to eat.农民们注意到水井的井壁上农民们注意到水井的井壁上 有深深的裂缝。一股臭气从裂缝里冒出。农家有深深的裂缝。一股臭气从裂缝里冒出。农家 大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。 典例体验典例体验 reply,he stared at

45、the floor.reply,he stared at the floor.他眼睛盯着地面，紧张得答不上来。他眼睛盯着地面，紧张得答不上来。 It is never It is never give up our prejudice. give up our prejudice.抛弃偏见永远也不会太晚。抛弃偏见永远也不会太晚。Too nervous toToo nervous totoo late totoo late to归纳总结归纳总结too nervous to eattoo nervous to eat意思为意思为“ ”。其中的。其中的too.to.too.to.结构，表示结构，表示

46、“太太以致于不以致于不”。关于。关于too.to.too.to.句式的用法：句式的用法：（1 1）too.to.too.to.太太以致于不以致于不（2 2）too.to.too.to.与与notnot或或nevernever连用时，不定式为连用时，不定式为肯定意义。肯定意义。not/never too.to.,not/never too.to.,意为意为“并不并不太太所以能所以能”。It is never too late to mend.It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，未为晚也。亡羊补牢，未为晚也。（3 3）too.to.too.to.前面有前面有only

47、,but,allonly,but,all时，时，only only too,but tootoo,but too和和all tooall too相当于相当于very,very,后面的不定式也后面的不定式也表示肯定。表示肯定。太紧张而不能吃太紧张而不能吃东西东西Im only too pleased to help you.Im only too pleased to help you.很荣幸能帮助你。很荣幸能帮助你。We shall be only/but too delighted to have We shall be only/but too delighted to have you

48、with us.you with us.能和你们在一起我们将感到非常高兴。能和你们在一起我们将感到非常高兴。（4 4）当）当too.to.too.to.用来修饰表示态度，情绪，倾用来修饰表示态度，情绪，倾向等的形容词（如向等的形容词（如anxious,eager,glad,happy,anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing)pleased,ready,willing)时，不定式为肯定意义。时，不定式为肯定意义。He was too eager to know the result of his He was too eager to kno

49、w the result of his examination.examination.他迫切想知道考试的结果。他迫切想知道考试的结果。即学即用即学即用(1)The box was (1)The box was ( (太太 重了，我搬不动重了，我搬不动). ). (2)Im (2)Im ( (太累了，什么也想不起来太累了，什么也想不起来) now.) now.(3)I am (3)I am ( (想作一次环球旅行想作一次环球旅行).).too heavy for me to lifttoo heavy for me to lifttoo tired to think of anythingto

50、o tired to think of anythingtoo eager to travel around the worldtoo eager to travel around the world10.It seemed as if the world was at an end!10.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！仿佛到了世界末日！ 典例体验典例体验 they know what theyre doing.they know what theyre doing. 他们好像知道他们正在做什么。他们好像知道他们正在做什么。