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1、2021学业水平考试英语重点知识点五篇中学英语学业水平考试学问点1 干脆引语和间接引语 (一)干脆引述别人的原话,叫做干脆引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。干脆引语必需放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。干脆引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必需对干脆引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行变更。 1. 时态的改变:干脆引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而运用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。例如: Tom said to me,“My
2、brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的改变: 依据意义进行相应的改变,例如: She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. (二)干脆引语改为间接引语时,都运用陈述语序,但是因为原
3、句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。干脆引语假如是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;假如是特别疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如: She said,“Is your father at home?” She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
4、干脆引语假如是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面依据原句的语气(即恳求或吩咐)加上ask, tell, order等动词,假如祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。其句型为:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如: She said to us,“Please sit down.” She asked us to sit down. He said to him,“Go away!” He ordered him to go away. He said, “Dont make so
5、much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. 中学英语学业水平考试学问点2 1、at 如:常用词组有: at noon, at night 表示时间的 at, in, on:表示片刻的时间,at 8 oclock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。 in 表示一段的时间 如:in the morning, in the afternoon,
6、 in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。 on 总是跟日子有关,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。 2、表示时间的 since 和 from:since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用:from 表示从时间的某一点起先,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。 如:I hope to do morning exe
7、rcises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995. 3、表示时间的 in 和 after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区分在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后” ,而 after 则表示“在(某一详细时间点之后),in 短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。 如:Well be back in three days. After seven the rain began to fall. What shall we do after graduation? After two months he ret
8、urned. 留意:after 有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里) 4、表示地理位置的 in, on, to:in 表示在某范围内,on 指与什么毗邻,to 指在某环境范围之外 如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China. 5、表示“在上”的 on 和 in:on 只表示在某物的表面上,而用 in 表示占去某物一部分,表示上。 如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ T
9、here is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall. 中学英语学业水平考试学问点3 1 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必需跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等状况。说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语状况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子
10、上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。 1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如: He is a teacher.他是一名老师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词 用来表示主语接着或保持一种状况或看法,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持缄默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。例如: He look
11、s tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很难过。 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)改变系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,改变系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了
12、。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。(北京安通学校供应) 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证明,变成之意。例如: The rumor proved false.这谣言证明有假。 The search proved difficult.搜查证明很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的安排最终胜利了。(turn out表终止性结果) 2 助动词 1)帮助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被帮助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义,不行单独运用。例如: He
13、doesnt like English.他不喜爱英语。 (doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 2) 助动词帮助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态。例如: He is singing.他在唱歌。(北京安通学校供应) He has got married.他已结婚。 b. 表示语态。例如: He was sent to England.他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句。例如: Do you like college life?你喜爱高校生活吗? Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d.
14、 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。例如: I dont like him. 我不喜爱他。 e. 加强语气。例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上肯定来参与晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。 3 助动词be的用法 1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态。例如: They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more impor
15、tant. 英语现在越来越重要。(北京安通学校供应) 2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。例如: The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。 中学英语学业水平考试学问点4 一、一般过去将来时 1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它 4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not + g
16、oing to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。 6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他其次天要去北京。 I asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。 二、 现在进行时 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其它 4.否定形式:主语+
17、be +not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今日感觉如何? He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。 中学英语学业水平考试学问点5 as 可作关系代词,引导定语从句。 1.as as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 在限制性定语从句中,as可跟在由suc, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。 Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 听过他说话的人,都会深受感动。(as在定语从句中作heard的主语) I've never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。(as在定语从句中作tell的宾语) He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。(as在定语从句中lift的宾语) 比较: 在the same 2021学业水平考试英语重点学问点五篇
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