托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲汇编.docx
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1、托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲托福阅读逻辑推理题3个高效解题思路实例精讲 什么是托福阅读推理题? 推断题就是所须要的信息都包含在文章中,但是没有干脆加以说明,须要考生从已知中推出。推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。依据OG, 在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中,每篇会有0-2道这类问题,一次考试总共有3-4道推理题。 托福阅读推理题如何分类? 这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。依据关键词回原文定位,然后进行推理。一般来说,大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于
2、无共性的推理题,也就是题干中无线索,一般运用解除法,即依据各个选项的关键词回原文定位,通过解除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点,采纳解除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。 托福阅读推理题高分思路实例讲解 1、一般对比推理:依据两个事情的对比特征,问其中一个事物的特征,只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。 2、时间对比推理:在这种推理中,一般有两个形成对比的时间段,它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时,只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。 3、集合概念推理 :一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比,两者之间存在着互补性关系,也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的削减。反之
3、,相同。这个比较抽象,我们来看一个例子: 例如:Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involve d in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and tr
4、ade and distribution. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War? (A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers. (B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined. (C) Many farms destroyed in the w
5、ar were rebuilt after the war. (D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation. 文中指出:非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降,所以(B)为正确答案。 做好托福阅读推理题需留意这些细微环节 1.日期和数字 2.关键词: 表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most ;情态动词:may, can , could;表示过去的:used to be , was, were , at
6、 one time, previous ly ;表示不是唯一的: not only ,not exclusively等。 总之,文中的关键词,观点,逻辑和平常的基本常识是解决这类问题的关键。 托福阅读:比较级的“陷阱” Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet. Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on hu
7、ckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse a
8、reas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder. It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter condition
9、s A. Cause some deer to hibernate B. Make food unavailable in the highlands for deer C. Make it easier for deer to locate understory plants D. Prevent deer from migrating during the winter 解题思路:这是一道推断题,那么依据题干中winter condition我们可以去原文中找到相关线索。然而这里并没有出现一模一样的定位词,所以我们须要找到表达相同概念的意群(同义替换),比如:late fall 深秋/初冬
10、,snow雪。这些词都和winter condition传达了一样的概念。所以我们可以发觉,答案应当就出现在最终两句话里: Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder
11、, and other arboreal fodder. 有些聪慧的宝宝发觉后面有个even表示让步转折,老师敲黑板说过:“有转折的地方肯定是重点,会出题!”这句话的意思是:尽管地上有雪,高高的灌木层依旧暴露在外面。 看到这里,许多宝宝应当知道答案就是C:冬季条件让鹿更简单找到灌木层。假如你选了C,很愧疚,你掉进坑里了,C是迷惑性选项,正确答案应当是B。 下面就让我们一起看看,在中文和英语中表达比较的差异性。 ETS作为一个非营利性机构(Welcome To Facebook!),出一套托福试题的成本也许是80万美元,目前中国的报名费更是以每月50的幅度上涨。许多宝宝不理解,为何成本要这么高?
12、钱都花在哪里了? 对于阅读来说,钱基本都花在出迷惑性选项上了。每一个选项都是ETS精雕细琢出来的,他们特别了解其他国家学生的语言习惯,以及在学习英语中会遇到的误区,其中英语和中文在表达比较方面,有很大的差异。 上面的表格中我列举了一些重要的中英表达比较的不同,其他还有许多我就不多做赘述了。 聪慧的宝宝们应当发觉了,在表达的过程中,中文的语言习惯往往重心在后面,强调结果,而英文则是逻辑性更强,着重于整个句型结构。换句话讲,英语里的比较级更加直观,中文的比较级相对没那么明显。比如我说:“小明你变这么瘦呀”,小明此时脑子里只有一个概念:我在说他瘦。然而他却忽视的我示意他之前比现在胖的这个重点。ETS
13、就抓住了我们这一语言习惯,常常在这里出迷惑性选项。 那么我们回到刚才那一题: Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fo
14、dder. It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditions A. Cause some deer to hibernate B. Make food unavailable in the highlands for deer C. Make it easier for deer to locate understory plants D. Prevent deer from migrating during the winter C选项翻译成中文是冬季条件让鹿更简单找到灌木层。许多宝宝都会
15、把英文翻译成中文理解,那么根据我们的语言习惯,此时我们会忽视选项前方的很重要的比较级,而把关注点放在后面的找到灌木丛,因此许多人就选择了C选项。 那么该如何规避这个习惯呢? 1. 培育对英文语言的比较级的敏感度,假如你全身都不敏感,那么建议宝宝们每次看题之前先找找看选项有没有比较级,然后回原文确定。 2. 只要发觉比较级,立即确定三件事: a.比较的主体(谁和谁比) b.比较的内容(他俩比的是啥) c.比较的结果(他俩比的怎么样) 看起来很简洁的思路,但是许多宝宝做题时会遗忘,所以希望各位肯定记住这个框架结构。 再次回到刚才那道题,我们细致看C选项 :Make it easier for de
16、er to locate understory plants。首先须要先找到主体:谁和谁在比较. 我们会惊人的发觉,原来文章里根本没有比较,所以C是完完全全的错误选项。可是假如选项改成Make it easy for deer to locate understory plants,那么这个选项就对了。 理解了这个考点之后,我们再一起来做一个简洁的题吧(微笑): Throughout most of Earth's history, glaciers did not exist, but at the present time about 10 percent of Earth'
17、;s land surface is covered by glaciers. Present-day glaciers are found in Antarctica, in Greenland, and at high elevations on all the continents except Australia. In the recent past, from about 2.4 million to about 10,000 years ago, nearly a third of Earth's land area was periodically covered by
18、 ice thousands of meters thick. In the much more distant past, other ice ages have occurred. According to paragraph 5, in what way is the present time unusual in the history of Earth? A. There are glaciers. B. More land is covered by glaciers than at any time in the past. C. There is no ice age. D.
19、No glaciers are found in Australia. 这一题答案就是我英文名的首字母啦,看看你有没有选对?假如实在无法理解这一题,欢迎随时联系我。最终希望各位宝宝们加油背单词,再送给大家一句话: The most proud thing is to DIE in the glory of battle against TOEFL! 托福阅读:如何选择合适的英文原著 在阅读考试中实力更为重要? 许多刚来新东方上课的同学总有一个幻想,就是希望我们老师可以传授他一套神奇的做题技巧,学到之后就可以在单词不相识,句子看不懂的状况下答对题目。所以当我第一节课想跟学生分析长难句时,有的同学
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