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1、高一英语语法总结归纳五篇 高一英语语法1 现在进行时 1. 表示现在 (说话瞬间) 正在进行或发生的动作。 例句 He is reading a newspaper now. 2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时动作不肯定正在进行)。 例句 What are you doing these days? 3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞美或厌恶等, 常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。 例句 He is always thinking of others. 4. 表示在最近按安排或支配要进行的动作。常限于go, come,
2、 leave, start, arrive等表“移动”、“方向”的词。 例句 He is coming to see me next week. 高一英语语法2 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有改变。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a)Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethef
3、ilm.你不去看那场电影真惋惜。 b)Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot. 我对你胜利与否不感爱好。 c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 2.用it作形式主语的结构 (1)Itis+名词+从句 Itisafactthat事实是 Itisanhonorthat特别荣幸 Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识 (2)Itis+形容词+从句 Itisnatural
4、that很自然 Itisstrangethat惊奇的是 (3)Itis+不及物动词+从句 Itseemsthat好像 Ithappenedthat碰巧 Itappearsthat好像 (4)It+过去分词+从句 Itisreportedthat据报道 Ithasbeenprovedthat已证明 Itissaidthat据说 3.主语从句不行位于句首的五种状况: (1)if引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首。 (2)Itissaid/reported结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如: 正确表达:ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek
5、. 错误表达:ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid. (3)Ithappens/occurs结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如: 正确表达:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination. 错误表达:Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim. (4)Itdoesntmatterhow/whether结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如: 正确表达:Itdoesntmatterwhetherheiswrongornot. 错误表达:Whetherheiswron
6、gornotdoesntmatter. (5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前。例如: 正确表达:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening? 错误表达:Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely? 4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区分 what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如: a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright. b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation 高一英语语法3 用现在进行时表示将来 意为:意图、准备、支
7、配、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 比较过去时与现在完成时 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与详细的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just n
8、ow, 详细的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是持续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,
9、 go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了。) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子,可能为不公允竞争。) She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yest
10、erday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可持续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时
11、间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能运用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 高一英语语法4 1.be good to对友好be good for对有益;be bad to/be bad for 2.add up加起来 增加 add up to合计,总计 addto把加到 3.notuntil/till意思是“直到才” 4.get sth/sb done使
12、完成/使某人被 5.calm down安静下来 6.be concerned about关切,关注 7.当while,when,before,after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一样时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。 While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose. 8.cheat in the exam考试作弊 9.go through经验;度过;获准,通过 10.hide away躲藏;隐藏 11.set down写下,登记 12.I wonder if我不知道是不是 12.on purpose有意 13.
13、sth happen to sb某人发生某事 sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事 it so happened that正好 碰巧 14.It is the first(second)that(从句谓语动词用现在完成时) 15.in ones power处于的限制之中 16.Its no pleasure doing做没有乐趣 Its no good/use doing sth.做某事是没好处/没用的 17.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.it做形式宾语 18.suffer
14、from患病;遭遇 19.sothat/suchthay 20.get tired of对感到劳累 乏累 21.have some trouble with sb/sth.在上遇到了麻烦 22.get along with sb/sth.与某人相处 23.ask(sb)for advice.(向某人)征求建议 24.make后接复合宾语,宾语补足语须用不带to的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式: make sb.do sth.让(使)某人做某事 make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/物 make sb./oneself+v-ed 让某人/自己被 When you s
15、peak,you should make yourself understood. make sb.+n.使某人成为 25.alone /lonely.单独的/孤独的 26.I would be grateful if委婉客气提出恳求 27.Why not do=why dont you do 高一英语语法5 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由w
16、hat, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 2. 作介词的宾语,例如: Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with
17、 one another.我们的胜利取决于我们之间的合作。 3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.我唯恐我已经犯了一个错误。 留意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, conte
18、nt 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作缘由状语从句。 4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 5. 后边不能干脆跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgiv
19、e等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不行以用that引导的宾语从句。如: 正确表达:I admire their winning the match. 错误表达:I admire that they won the match. 6. 不行用that从句作干脆宾语的动词 有些动词不行用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: 正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式。例如: I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 高一英语语法总结归纳五篇
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