2022年辽宁职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

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1、2022年辽宁职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.He has (thought out) the best way of saving oil for your car.AconsideredBdecidedCdevotedDdevised 2.She could not endure the extreme (tension) and broke into tears suddenly.AbraveryBstrainCdangerDsecurity 3.

2、It is (odd) that so little is known about the talented painter.AsurprisingBunreasonableCstrangeDunbelievable 4.Starfish (cling to) stones by the suction of their innumerable tube feet.AattractBdestroyCswim over toDhold fast to 5.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the peopl

3、e in our major cities.AadditionalBefficientCexcessiveDadequate 6.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.Aahead of timeBall the timeCat the same timeDin time 7.The short stories of Katherine Mansfield demonstrate her keen

4、perceptions of human (character).AnatureBstatusCcomedyDappetite 8.This book (embraces) many subjects.AadoptsBcoversCpressesDaccepts 9.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to (shrink).AsmellBfadeChardenDcontract 10.We can rely on James to carry out this mission for his judgement is always (sound).

5、AhealthyBunmistakableCreliableDunquestionable 11.The doctor soon made the worried patient feel (comfortable).Aat easeBin privateCat restDin peace 12.Electrical appliances such as toasters or hair dryers are designed to (take advantage of) the ability of an electric current to heat a wire.AaugmentBma

6、ke sense ofCmake use ofDreinstall 13.Flu Shots Or Not It sounded like a good idea when New York Citys mayor, Rudollph Giuliani, advised New Yorkers recently to get a flu shot. After all, 20,000 Americans each year die of influenza. And this year in particular, the mayor suggested, getting a flu shot

7、 might be an especially good idea, since it could help doctors distinguish between flu and the deadly inhalational (吸入的) form of anthrax (炭疽). How Both anthrax and flu exhibit strikingly similar symptomsfever, chills and muscle achesin the early days of the infection. Physicians would be quick to su

8、spect anthrax in anyone who was vaccinated (接种疫苗) against flu and still developed fever and chills. That would give them a better chance to identify any new victims of terror while their infection was still in its earliest, most treatable stages. Or so the mayors reasoning went. Unfortunately, there

9、 are a couple of problems with his logic. For one thing, getting vaccinated against influenza doesnt guarantee you wont get sick. Although highly effective, the flu vaccine (疫苗) protects against only the dominant types of the disease and even then does not provide 100% protection. It takes a couple

10、of weeks for your body to respond to the vaccine with a sufficient number of antibodies (抗体). Each year thousands of Americans who get the vaccine nevertheless still get the flu. There are also plenty of reasons you might develop fever, chills and muscle aches that have nothing to do with either ant

11、hrax or flu. Indeed, doctors estimate that more than 80% of all flu like illnesses each winter are caused by other groups of viruses. Getting vaccinated against flu cant protect you against suffering from these other illnesses. In the worst case, asking all healthy adults to get vaccinated could act

12、ually have the opposite effect to the one intended, leading to even more deaths if it means we run out of shots for those who are most vulnerable to the infection. Already there have been delays in getting this years shipment of vaccine to clinics and doctors offices. Those who should be at the fron

13、t of the line include folks who are 65 or older, nursing-home residents and adults and children with chronic health problems as well as anyone who cares for or lives with such people. Flu shots are also important for men and women whose immune system is weakened by HIV (艾滋病病毒) or other conditions. T

14、he best reason to get the flu vaccine is that it protects against most flus not that youre worried about getting anthrax. While inhalational anthrax has killed only five people so far, many more could be at risk from flu-related complications. Theres no need to worsen the tragedy by making this year

15、s influenza epidemic any worse.Quite a few New Yorkers took their mayors recent advice and got a flu shot.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 14.Resistance to Malaria1. Our job, said the health officer, is to spray the walls of every house in every town and village in the malaria parts of Mexico. You may be

16、surprised to learn that there are about ninety-nine thousand separate villages and towns. Some are big places like Mexico City, some are single houses deep in the jungles or upon the mountain-tops. The men working with our programme say that most of these localities lie within districts warm enough

17、for the malaria-carrying mosquitoes to live in and spread the disease. That means that we must plan to spray the walls of nearly three million house once or twice a year for five years.2. We have studied everything very carefully , the officer continued. Our advance guards have drawn maps of some fo

18、rty thousand parts of the country for use by the spray teams. Each house in the malaria districts has been given a special number. The United Nations has given us cars and trucks to carry the spray teams and their tools, but many of the houses to be sprayed are too difficult to reach by car. Half of

19、 our spray teams go on horseback or by boat.3. The malaria programme has been popular with the Mexican people. Everyone wants to help. The navy has offered us the services of ships. The Defence Department is helping us plan the movement of men and supplies. The Ministry of Education has printed shee

20、ts in Spanish and the more widely spoken Indian languages to explain how malaria is spread and why spraying helps. Doctors have spoken in the churches of many communities to explain the programme.4. Resistance is a problem. It was in the United States that such resistance to sprays was first proved.

21、 Since then many other insects have developed resistance to poisons. Take the case of the housefly and D.D.T. At first D.D.T. killed them off. For a time flies died quickly. Then no more. Now D.D.T. wont hurt a fly.5. What worries the health workers is the danger that mosquitoes may become resistant

22、. Already resistance to some of the sprays has appeared in parts of the world, although no insect is yet resistant to all of the sprays.A. What worries usB. What we have doneC. Whats our jobD. More and more people joined us.E. It will be a hard work.F. Whats the problemParagraph 2 15.Modern Drugs Do

23、ctors, sixty years ago, could do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 1955, a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors prescribe today have been developed in

24、the last 30 years. Modern drugs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in order to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the plants growing around them seemed useful to heal sores, relieve pain, or even cure diseases. These plants were th

25、e first drugs. Now plants are still the source of some drugs. Quinine, for example, is a bitter-tasting drug used to treat the chills and fever of malaria and to reduce attacks of the disease. It is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes Mountains. The Indians of that regi

26、on were the first to use the bark as a medicine. The Spanish people probably brought it to Europe in the early 1600s. Chemists learned how to get the pure drug from the bark and in 1944; it was made artificially in the laboratory. Other important drugs, such as hormones and vaccines, are obtained fr

27、om animals. But most of the modern drugs come from chemical combinations worked out by research scientists. Most people never see drugs in their simple form as chemicals. Instead, they are seen as tablets, capsules or liquids that contain the drug and other ingredients. People use drugs to get diffe

28、rent results. Some drugs attack the organism that causes a disease. They cure by killing the organism. Other drugs relieve what we call the symptoms of the disease: the headache, pain, fever or chills, and make the patient more comfortable. These constitute most over-the-counter drugs. People can ge

29、t them in drug stores.What is the main idea of this passageAThe development of modern drugs.BHow to make drugs.CHow to use drugs safely.DThe development of drugs. 16.Vegetarianism A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetari

30、anism on a long-term basis is the difficulty to getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days of weeks(say, religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast

31、is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called amino-acids, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to

32、 get enough of these amino-acids. A great of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than

33、animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness

34、, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day. Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A lacto-vegeta

35、rian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed. Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible

36、 and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-solube vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking.A vegetarian is a person who_.Aeats the meat of animals onlyBeats the vegetable onlyCdrinks milk only

37、Deat nothing at all 17.Vice Vaccines At first glance, vice vaccines look just great. These injections promise to inactivate drugs such as cocaine, heroin and nicotine in the bloodstream before they reach the brain. Without the hit, people just wont come back for more. Its true that these vaccines ar

38、e still being developed, so their full risks and benefits are not yet clear. But all the signs are that for people who are in danger of overdosing, or for addicts who want to get themselves clean but need some help to overcome their craving, the vaccines will be immensely valuable. But like many new

39、 technologies, they also bring difficult choices. Will convicted criminals who steal to feed their drug habit be allowed back onto the street if they agree to be vaccinated, for example Could a judge even compel these people to be vaccinated Perhaps the most controversial debate that vice vaccines h

40、ave raised is whether they should be given routinely to children, like polio or measles vaccines. This is. not a distant worry. No sooner they have found themselves submerged with requests from worried parents who want their children vaccinated. Is this really what we want for future generations For

41、 any society that values personal freedom, the answer has to be no. People have the right to choose how to behave, whether its good or bad, legal or not. Let not ignore the fact that millions of people take illegal drugs for pleasure without becoming addicted. Administering vice vaccines will mean t

42、hat youngsters are no longer free to make such choices for themselves. It would be like a return to Pleasantvile. And, remember, were just talking about illegal drugs here. One vaccine under development acts against nicotine, and if its nicotine today, why not caffeine tomorrow Societys attitudes to

43、 drugs change. Forty years ago, smoking was fine. A century ago, American ship operators were giving stevedores (码头工人) cocaine to speed up their work. Like it or not, people have been taking mind-altering chemicals since before recorded history. Each vaccine acts only against a specific drug, and st

44、opping people getting high on one drug will simply push them to take othersas addiction researchers have already found. So drug use wont go away, the drugs will just change. Opposing the widespread use of vice vaccines for youngsters is not to advocate drug use. By all means let vice vaccines spark

45、a revolution in detox (解毒) clinics. But when it comes to helping children deal with drugs, the way to help them is through education, ensuring that they can follow lifestyles that are incompatible with drug taking, and giving them the tools to spot risks and make informed choices. The problem of dru

46、g abuse is bound up with modern society in complex ways. Simple chemical solutions are unlikely to provide the whole answer.The word hit in the first paragraph refers to_.Athe injection of drugs into the bloodstreamBthe inactivation of drugs before they reach the brainCthe strong sensation aroused b

47、y taking drugsDthe addiction to drugs 18.Modern Drugs Doctors, sixty years ago, could do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 1955, a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors prescribe today have been developed in the last 30 years. Modern drugs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in order to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the p