2022年四川职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

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1、2022年四川职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.B第二篇/BB Electronic Mail/B During the past few years, scientist the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writing, any kind of writing bu

2、t particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mails surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence. Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific co

3、mmunication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant counties, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joi

4、ning every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the internet, or net. E-mail is staring to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collab

5、orators, in par because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication. Jeremy Bernstei, the physicist and science writer, once called

6、E-mail the physicists umbilical cord. Lately other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has accelerates its liberating presence with a cartoon-an

7、 appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog.What does the sentence On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog. imply in the last paragraph AEven dogs are interested in the computer.BE-mail has become very popular.CDogs are liberated from their usu

8、al duties.DE-mail deprives dogs of their owners love. 2. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BB Early or Later Day Care/B The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive attachment period from birth to three m

9、ay scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there

10、 are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and moth

11、er of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carded out, and even if they were, the results wou

12、ld be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to b

13、e used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the

14、 use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nurser

15、y easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlbys the

16、ory AMany studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens development.BParents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.CSeparation from parents for very young children is common in some traditional societies.DDay care is safe, otherwise there wouldnt be so m

17、any nursery schools. 3. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项：如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 B Tanning Parlors Take Heat/B People who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing Common types of skin cancer, according to a new study that foun

18、d the risk was highest for those who start at a young age. The study, appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the US National Cancer Institute, concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the

19、 devices. The study confirmed what doctors have long suspected-that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, said Margaret R. Karagas, first author of the study. Either going to the tanning parlor, or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin, s

20、aid Dr. James Spencer, vice chairman of the department of dermatology at Mount Hospital, but the small day-to-day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run. Joseph A. Levy, vice president of the International Smart Tan Network, however, said occasional sunburn is a risk factor in all forms of s

21、kin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tanning industry is trying to stop. In the study, Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer. They talked to 540 control subjects who did not have either type of skin cancer. About

22、1 million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. Among those skin cancer patients, about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer, 16 percent, with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent with melanoma-the most serious form of skin cancers. Back to the interviewed patients, 190 reporte

23、d that they had used tanning devices at some time. In the control groups, only 75 had used such devices. Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices. For basal cell

24、 cancer, the risk was 1.5 times greater. The risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20, said Karagas. For this group, the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater.Karagas

25、reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer patients and a control group of people with no skin cancers. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not ment 4. 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack/B German researchers

26、haveU (1) /Ua new generation of defibrillators and early warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionU (2) /Usudden death from cardiac arrest. In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesU (3) /Uby disruption to the

27、 hearts rhythm. Those most at risk are Patients who haveU (4) /Usuffered a heart attack and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingU (5) /Udisruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devicesU (6) /Ua range of functio

28、ns such as that of pacemaker. Heart specialists at Freiburgs University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with all implanted defibrillatorU (7) /Uof generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofU (8) /Ublood-flow problems and

29、a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG dataU (9) /U. The overwhelmingU (10) /Uof patien

30、ts at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. Many of the current programs onlyU (11) /Uinto account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making useU (12) /Ua non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an

31、open and complex system. Hagen Knaf says.U (13) /Uchanges in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account. An old study of ECG data, basedU (14) /U600 Patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks

32、and to showU (15) /Uthe new software evaluates the data considerably better. Aare causedBcausedCare to causeDhave been causing 5.B第三篇/BB IQ-gene/B In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets

33、 overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of Londons Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a smart gene, you should look in smart kids. They th

34、erefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early-and still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. We have, says Plomin, the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence. Plomin

35、s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each childs chromosome 6 of the 37 landmarks on ch

36、romosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group-32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of th

37、e IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomins group fell for chopsticks fallacy. Geneticists might think theyve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all theyve really found is a gene more common

38、in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomins IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups mat emphasize academic achievement. What is the gene that theyve found reflects ethnicity asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. That alone might explain the link to inte

39、lligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a childs environment. And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure c

40、hance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg, I would take these findings with a whole box of salt.Plomins IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that_. Athere may not be a causal link between gene and intelligenceBthere is a close correlation

41、 between gene and intelligenceCthere may be a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academic scoreDthere is not a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academic SCOre 6. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/BB Early or L

42、ater Day Care/B The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive attachment period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that c

43、hildren should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and pa

44、rents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if pa

45、rents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carded out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children

46、 in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early d

47、ay care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this