2022年职称英语考试真题卷(9).docx
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1、2022年职称英语考试真题卷(9)本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意) 1.B第二篇/BBListening to Birdsong/B A male zebra finch(雀科呜鸟)chirps(呜)away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell
2、 the difference in his performance According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills (啭音)he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the dif
3、ference. Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female(and potential mate) nearby. With an audience,the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used. For this study,resear
4、chers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past. In the study,Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. Ore broadcast the sound of a
5、male zebra finch singing to himself,like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience,as if he was giving a concert. Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates,others didnt. The females shifted around a bit, an
6、d then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience,even if theyd never met the male. Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs. One from an unknown male, and one from their
7、mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their matessongs. This suggests that after a while,females learn to recognize - and prefer - the songs of their mates. Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up(活跃起来)when the birds
8、 listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them. his research deals with whats called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the
9、way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter(喋喋不休),and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication in this case their songs.Which of the following is true about
10、 birdsongs AFemale zebra finches are too shy to sing before malesBMale zebra finches sing louder than femalesCMale zebra finches change their songs to attract femalesDFemale zebra finches like to listen to unknown males sing 2.下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBYouth Emancipation in Spain/
11、B The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 1834 in Spain still sleep in their parents home,says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Yo
12、uth. To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes,the Institute started a Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing pr
13、ices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem,say sociologists(社会学家). Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report The Late
14、 Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding. In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized, said Minguez. In Spain - especially in the countryside,it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousi
15、ns, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子)all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hel
16、l put up a fight and call the father a fascist, said Jos Antonio Gmez Yanez,a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores(家务)worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid,has three children in their 20s. The eldest 28, hasa girl
17、friend and a job. But life with mum is good. His mum does the wash and cooks for him;in the end,he lives well, Masso said.The Youth Emancipation programme aims at helping young people Alive in an independent wayBfight for freedomCfight against social injusticeDget rid of family responsibilities 3.下面
18、的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。BSharks Perform a Service for Earths Waters/B It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to U (51) /U people frequently. Although these fish perform a valuable U (52) /U for earths waters and for human beings. Yet busin
19、ess and sport fishing are threatening their U (53) /U. As a result, some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth. Warm weather may influence both fish and shark U (54) /U. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their U (55) /U waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same
20、areas, U (56) /U people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person U (57) /U a sea animal,such as a seal(海豹)or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sh
21、arks are looking for U (58) /U Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry(珠宝)may cause sharks to attack. A shark has an extremely good sense of U (59) /U ,with which it can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals U (60) /U by animals. These pow
22、erful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish,any U (61) /U sharks,and plants that live in the ocean. Medical researchers want to learn more about the sharks body defense and immune (免疫的) U (62) /U against disease. Researchers know that sharks U (63) /U quickly from injuries. They study
23、the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease. Sharks are important for the worlds oceans. They eat injured and diseased fish. Their U (64) /U activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too U (65) /U. This protects the plants and other forms of life tha
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