2022年河南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

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1、2022年河南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New Years Evecelebrations. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship, like Valentines Day. Each country

2、has its own special holidays, too, often to mark important events in its schools, banks, and governments offices all close on days like these, _(46). A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have

3、long traditions. Consider April Fools Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countriesFrance, England and Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes _(47). The ones who laugh are the ones playingthe jokes. The people they got angry.

4、 Does celebrating this day make sense to youDay in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part. They do it to girls they like. unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La is celebrated in

5、Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more pounds of tomatoes into this little town. _(48). For two hours, streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual from the town of Killorglin

6、go up into the mountains and catch a wild _(49).Also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Public Sleeping Day That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, fun than the one on February 9. _(50)

7、.of inventing a new holiday If you do, then you will want to mark . That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.A Then begins the worlds biggest food fight.B They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head and make days.C Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everythingD Some peo

8、ple have fun imaging new holidays.E That is supposed to be Toothache Day.F Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious. 2.第二篇 The Book of LifeSo far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species (物种), and thats just a fraction of what probably exists on Earth. With so many

9、 plants, animals, and other creatures covering the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers hasannounced the creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia o

10、f Life (EoL). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, nonscientists with specialized k

11、nowledge will get to join in. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input which birds theyve seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pages for kids w

12、ho are studying ecosystems (生态系统) in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that havent been reviewed.Another convenient feature of the EoL is that

13、 youll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests, age, and current knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the novice setting to get basic information about the animals. On the expert setting, on the other hand, y

14、ou could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears.It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.The word “

15、novice” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced byAscientist.Bcreator.Cbeginner.Dexpert. 3.What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth Where was this low temperature recorded The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was-91，which (51) in Antar

16、ctica in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in (52).Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about+120 to-120 .The temperature depends upon (53)you are in direct sunlight or shade.Obviously，-120 is colder than our body can (54)endure.The space temperatures

17、 just discussed affect only our area1 of the solar (55).Obviously，it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel （56）from the Sun. Scientists estimate temperatures at Pluto are about-210.How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe Again，it depends upon your (57) .We a

18、re taught it is supposedly (58)to have a temperature below absolute zero，which is-273，at which atoms do not move. Two scientists，whose names are Cornell and Wieman，have successfully(59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero.They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work-not

19、 a discovery，in this case.Why is the two scientists work so important to science In the 1920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting (60) about speciallight particles we now call photons.Bose had trouble (61)other scientists to believe his heory, so he contacted Albert E6instein.Einsteins c

20、alculations helped him theorize that atoms (62) behave as Bose thought-but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold (超冷)atoms can help them make the worlds atomic clocks even（63） accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second (64)si

21、x million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time4(d=vt).With5 the long distances involved in space (65)，we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.AsafetlyBsadlyCrepeatedlyDfreely 4.Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingTheres

22、no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than its been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the tempera

23、tures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have b

24、een warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae,

25、 and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The scientists who did the study work for NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. They report that lakes seem to be warming faster in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. In the United States, lak

26、es in the southwestern part of the country warmed faster than did the Great Lakes in the north.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth iswarming. By

27、using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.Thats going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scien

28、tists arent the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.Thats why the United Nations st

29、arted the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.Globle warming is less threatening to small countrie

30、s.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 5.The hurricane1 A hurricane（飓风）is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spira（l 螺旋）around a relative calm center known as the “eye”. The eye is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm ma

31、y extend outward 400 miles.As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds and storm surges（风暴潮）.The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding.2 Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean S

32、ea, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the Internaional Date Line are called typhoons.near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to aas tropical cyclones(龙卷风)。3 When a hurrica

33、ne hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland（内陆的）flooding, and huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses, and public buildigns may be damaged or destroyed; roads and bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more

34、people and destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes aas they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives and not be able to get to a safe harbor if they do not receive adequate warning.4 If a hurricane is coming in your area, the most important

35、thing is to stay calm and find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane and go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket and be sure to keep away from windows and glass doors, because if the glass breaks i

36、ts really dangerous. Do not befooled if there is lull（暂停）; it could be the eye of the stormwinds will pick up again.23. Paragrph 1 _24. Paragrph 2 _25. Paragrph 3 _26. Paragrph 4 _A. Where do hurricanes usually happenB.What damages can a hurricane cause.C.What should you do during a hurricaneD. What

37、 is a hurricaneE.What are different names of hurricanesF. How do you know a hurricane is coming27. Depending on where they occur, hurricanes have _.28. Apowerful hurricane may become the most destructive _.29. When a hurricane arrives, fishermen are in great danger if they are at sea and do not get

38、_.30. During a hurricane one should stay away from _.A. different labelsB.windows and glass doorsC.inland floodingD.early warningE.natural disasterF.a constant speed 6.第三篇 Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico，the native Huichol people live much the way their an

39、cestors didwithout electricity. Thats because its too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves，the Huichol create beautiful artwork.They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. And without electricityat home

40、 or on the road，they can only work during daylight hours.When it gets dark，they must stop whatever theyre doing.Now，a team of scientists，designers，and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets.The scientiststechnique involves weaving tiny electronic cr

41、ystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes，bags，or other items.By collecting the suns energy during the day，these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night.Their inventors have named the fabrics “Portable Lights.” Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of peop

42、le without electricity around the world，says project leader Sheila Kennedy.“Our invention，”Kennedy says，“came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didnt have a lot of money.”At the core of Portable Light techn

43、ology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes，or HB LEDs.These tiny lights appear in digital clocks，televisions，and streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside，electricity heats a meta

44、l coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature，bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights ， however ， is heat - andinvisible.With all that wasted energy，bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken.LEDs，on the other hand，are like tiny

45、pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through an LED，the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs，they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED，the type of molecules and their particular arrangement d

46、etermines what color is produced.All of the following are disadvantages of incandescent lights EXCEPT thatAthey are not bright enough.Bthey burn out quickly.Cthey are easily broken.Dthey waste most of the energy produced. 7.The hurricane1 A hurricane（飓风）is a tropical storm with winds that have reach

47、ed a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spira（l 螺旋）around a relative calm center known as the “eye”. The eye is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles.As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds and storm surges

48、（风暴潮）.The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding.2 Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occ

49、ur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the Internaional Date Line are called typhoons.near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to aas tropical cyclones(龙卷风)。3 When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland（内陆的）flooding, and huge waves crashing