专题三　完形填空.pptx

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1、栏目索引高考导航专题三完形填空专题三完形填空栏目索引高考导航考情分析总纲目录总纲目录应试策略考情分析真题研析栏目索引高考导航考情分析 项目卷别 语篇类型语篇主题命题角度词数难度主题语境语境内容动词名词形容(副)词 其他同类2019课标全国卷记叙文人与自然 乞力马扎罗山是否被污染8750252难课标全国卷记叙文人与社会帮助他人找回小狗9551277中课标全国卷说明文人与社会高科技解决光照难题8570250易栏目索引高考导航考情分析 项目卷别 语篇类型语篇主题命题角度词数难度主题语境语境内容动词名词形容(副)词 其他同类2018 课标全国卷 夹叙夹议 人与自我学棋悟道9740265难课标全国卷记叙

2、文人与自我父巧救子9371270中课标全国卷记叙文人与社会一诺千金10640271易2017 课标全国卷记叙文人与自我 发现美式手语10550242难栏目索引高考导航应试策略栏目索引高考导航真题研析2019课标全国 语篇类型:记叙文主题语境:人与自然词数:252 难度:语境内容:乞力马扎罗山是否被污染真题研析真题研析栏目索引高考导航真题研析第一步析原文第一步析原文Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They41 with them lots of

3、 waste. The42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, Im44 about the placeother destinations are described as “purer”natural experiences.栏目索引高考导航真题研析 However, I soon45 that much has changed since the days of distur

4、bing reports of46 among tons of rubbish. I find a47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania Nati-onal Park Authority seem to be49 . The best of a Kilimanjaro50 , in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are 5

5、1 as spiritual places by many cultures. This52 is especially evident on Kiliman-jaro as53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,54 lands of and rocks.58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with59 snow and the gl

6、aciers low growing 栏目索引高考导航真题研析plants. Further up, the weather55 low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland57 :gravel(砾石), stones that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro60 its reputati

7、on as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.栏目索引高考导航真题研析41.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advoca

8、te46.A.equipment B.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing upD.fading away50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight栏目索引高考导航真题研析51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purp

9、ose53.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.holding on to B.going back to C.living up toD.giving way to55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.Finally59.A.permanent B.littleC.freshD.artifici

10、al60.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire栏目索引高考导航真题研析文体特征速读文章可知本文为记叙文,根据首句可预测文章可能讲述与“乞力马扎罗山”有关的故事或经历。素养解读本文主题语境为人与自然,语境内容为乞力马扎罗山是否被污染,重在引导学生增强环保意识,积极参与社会实践。栏目索引高考导航真题研析重点词汇 attempt to do sth.试图做某事disturbing adj.令人不安的spiritual adj.精神的;心灵的go through 经历base n.基底,底座(此处指山脚)abruptly adv.突然地further up 进一步向上enve

11、lope v.笼罩shade n.浓淡深浅;色度栏目索引高考导航真题研析第二步巧做题第二步巧做题 41 审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 D语境辨词法。句意:他们随身带来了(bring)大量的垃圾。A:保持,遵守;B:(使)混合;C:连接,联合。42 审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 C语境辨词法。根据第一句话可知,每年大约有4万人来到这里,故答案为C项。句意:这些人群(crowds)可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。A:故事;B:建筑物;D:记者。43 审题审题考查名词词义辨析。 解题解题 C常识辨词法。句意:(山上的)冰川正在消失,改变了乞力马扎罗山的外观特征(face)。A:位置,职位;B:

12、年龄,时代;D:名字。栏目索引高考导航真题研析44审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解题解题 B逻辑关系法。根据后文的描述可知,作者对这里被破坏得面目全非的故事将信将疑(be skeptical about),故选B项。句意:听到这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑。A:沉默的,不出声的;C:认真的,严肃的,严重的;D:疯狂的,着迷的。45审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。句意:然而,自从那些天的关于被大量垃圾包围的营地的让人不安的报道以来,我不久就发现(discover)这件事发生了很大的改变。B:争论,辩论;C:决定;D:提倡,拥护。46审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 C原词复现

13、法。根据语境,此处应该是那些登山者在山上的营地(camps)。结合下句话中的with toilets at camps也可知答案为C项。栏目索引高考导航真题研析47审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解题解题 D语境辨词法。结合后文对这座山的环境的改变的描述可知,这座山并不是垃圾遍地,而是干干净净的(clean)。句意:我看到的是一座干净的山,营地和路边都有厕所。48审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解题解题 C逻辑辨词法。环境挑战是非常重大的(significant)。A:新的;B:特殊的,专用的;D:必要的,必需的。49审题审题考查动词短语辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。但是坦桑尼亚国家公园当局所付出的努

14、力好像正在得到回报(paying off)。B:分散;C:爆发,爆炸;D:衰弱。栏目索引高考导航真题研析50审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 B语境辨词法。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的经历(experience)中最好的并不是爬到山顶。A:大气层,氛围;C:实验;D:景象,视力。51审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 D固定搭配法。句意:山被许多文化看作是(be regarded as)精神所在地。A:学习,研究;B:观察,遵守;C:探索。52审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。当登山者在爬山的几公里内就能穿越五个生态系统时,看到的这种景象(view)在这座山上特别明显。

15、B:质量,素质;C:原因,理由;D:目的,意图。53审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 B同根词复现法。根据上文可知,此处是指那些登山者(climbers)亲眼看到的景象。栏目索引高考导航真题研析54审题审题考查动词短语辨析。解题解题 D语境辨词法。在山底是热带雨林。热带雨林在海拔3千米的地方戛然而止,给低矮的植物让路了。D:为让路;A:抓住不放;B:返回;C:达到,不辜负。55审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。再往上攀登,天气就发生了改变(changes)。B:清除,使干净;C:改善,提高;D:允许,许可。56审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 C语境辨词法。句意:从我站立的

16、地方我数到了(count)12处绿荫。A:比得上,使相配;B:想象;D:增加。57审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 B常识辨词法。句意:在海拔4千米以上是由砾石、石头和岩石组成的高地沙漠(desert)。这里只有各种各样的石头,没有绿色,称得上是一片沙漠了。栏目索引高考导航真题研析58审题审题考查副词词义辨析。解题解题 D平行辨词法。最后(Finally),你会爬到一个区域里,这里有常年不化的(permanent)雪和可能会很快消失的冰川。A:明显地,显而易见地;B:容易地;C:因此,结果。59审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。根据空前“一个类似北极的地区”可知,这个地区终

17、年积雪。A:永久的;B:很少的,很小的;C:新鲜的,清新的;D:人造的。60审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 B语境辨词法。乞力马扎罗山应该得到(deserve)一座挤满了破坏这里祥和氛围的游客的高山这个名声吗?我认为相反的描述才是正确的。A:享受,喜欢;C:拯救,挽救,保存;D:获得,习得。栏目索引高考导航考点突破1.重首句重首句,易入题易入题 完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,达到顺利“入题”的目的。例例1 (2019课标全国) Every year about 40,000 people

18、attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. 栏目索引高考导航考点突破直接信息首句清楚地交代了故事发生的地点(非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山)、人物(游客)和事件(到乞力马扎罗山旅游)预测信息下文可能介绍与乞力马扎罗山旅游相关的事件或影响栏目索引高考导航考点突破2.寻复现寻复现,找答案找答案 完形填空选项的设置,命题人往往通过原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文中相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。(1)原

19、词复现在上下文中同一词汇重复出现例例2(2017课标全国) A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But41 apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian42 .栏目索引高考导航考点突破 Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round

20、-the-world air tickets in May, but their43 ended and he did not want her ticket to44 . The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让)45 , but since passport information was not required when46 , any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 it. “I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to48

21、 a lot of joy,”said Axani. He posted his49 on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the50 passports. “More51 , there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in52 their name to Elizabeth Gallagher,”Axani said.“It wa

22、s absolutely out of53 , thousands of e-mails, people around the world54 their stories of travel.”栏目索引高考导航考点突破42 A.originB.passportC.accentD.friend思路点拨思路点拨本题考查原词复现。根据下文第50空后的passports可知要想获得这张机票,必须持有加拿大护照。答案答案 B栏目索引高考导航考点突破(2)同/近义词复现意思相同、相近的表达方式,或者解释性的词汇复现例例3 (2018课标全国) More than that, Id always wante

23、d to learn chess. And, even if I werent 43 enough about free credits, news about our44 was appealing enough to me. 43 A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired思路点拨思路点拨根据上文“wanted to”可判断第43空答案为excited,意为“兴奋的”。答案答案 A栏目索引高考导航考点突破例例4 (2019课标全国)Above 4,000 meters is the highland57 :gravel (砾石), stones and rocks.5

24、7.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake思路点拨思路点拨根据空后描述的砾石、石头和岩石,可知海拔4000米以上就是高原荒漠。 答案答案 B栏目索引高考导航考点突破(3)反义词复现意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现例例5 (2019课标全国) Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with49 . It just started licking(舔) Ehlers face.49.A.surpriseB.joyC.hesitatio

25、nD.anxiety思路点拨思路点拨空白处下一句It just started licking Ehlers face(小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸)说明小狗见到Ehlers很高兴,与之前的紧张和害怕形成对比。答案答案 B栏目索引高考导航考点突破(4)同根词复现词形变化的词汇复现例例6 It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. . How could the medicine get to Nome? The t

26、owns39 was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet. 40 A.narrowB.snowyC.busyD.dirty 栏目索引高考导航考点突破思路点拨思路点拨根据上文中的due to heavy snow可知此处应该是:汽车和马无法在被雪覆盖的路上行驶。答案答案 B栏目索引高考导航考点突破(5)上下词复现总括与分述的词汇复现例例7 (2016课

27、标全国) Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis 59 her warm smile, her nods, her Im here for you60 were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires. 59 A.forgivenessB.eagernessC.friendlinessD.skillfulness 思路点拨思路点拨根据下文中的her warm smile, her nods表明Rani很友好。其中sm

28、ile、nods是下义词(具体行为),friendliness是上义词(概括)。答案答案 C栏目索引高考导航考点突破3.看语境看语境,辨词义辨词义 完形填空的四个选项词性相同,意义相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,可能会有两个或两个以上的答案。做题时,要从整体上把握文章内容,区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,从中选出最佳答案。例例8 (2019课标全国) Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota. During the long trip home

29、, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers 41 about the small dog he had seen 42 alongside the road. He had 43 to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had 44 .栏目索引高考导航考点突破 Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45 dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46 . After

30、 a long and careful 47 , Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48 away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 . It just started licking (舔) Ehlers face.41A.readB.forgotC.thoughtD.heard思路点拨思路点拨第一段最后一句中的 to coax the dog to him but, frig

31、htened.提到了小狗,说明在打猎回家的路上,Ehlers 想起了他在路边看到的那只小狗。答案 C栏目索引高考导航考点突破42A.fightingB.tremblingC.eatingD.sleeping思路点拨思路点拨根据第一段最后一句话中的frightened可知,小狗见到打猎的Ehlers时很害怕,由此可推知当时小狗见到猎人受到惊吓而发抖,所以选trembling。答案答案 B43A.triedB.agreedC.promisedD.regretted思路点拨思路点拨根据第二段中的Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to

32、him.可知,Ehlers曾试图(tried)把小狗哄到他身边来,但是没有成功。答案答案 A栏目索引高考导航考点突破44A.calmed downB.stood up C.rolled overD.run off思路点拨思路点拨but表示转折,说明Ehlers没能把小狗哄到他身边来,小狗跑掉了(run off)。答案答案 D栏目索引高考导航考点突破4.析逻辑析逻辑,索答案索答案 完形填空中有些题目侧重考查对人物话语逻辑性的精准判断以及对特殊语境下的情绪演变、行为态度、语言褒贬和方式转变的理解判断。常见的命题方式包括心理揣测、动作交互、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等

33、。解决此类问题时要关注连词的功能、词语的多义性、词语的情感色彩和动作发生的先后顺序,借助具体语境和人物的特定身份,顺着原文的思路,依据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推断。栏目索引高考导航考点突破例例9 (2019课标全国) The 3,500 residents cannot all56 the sunshine at the same time. 57 , the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 58 residents.57A.InsteadB.HoweverC.GraduallyD.Similarly思路点拨思路点拨根据上文c

34、annot all和下文more than enough可知,此处表示转折,However符合语境。答案答案 B栏目索引高考导航考点突破5.据搭配据搭配,知答案知答案 完形填空中,有时会涉及短语,以动词短语为主,偶见介词短语等。解题时,可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识,进行有效推断,选择正确答案。例例10 (2018课标全国) In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future

35、professions and, 52 , to our lives. 51A.add B.expose C.applyD.compare栏目索引高考导航考点突破思路点拨思路点拨 此处指我们要写一篇论文说明我们计划如何把在课堂上学到的东西运用到我们未来所从事的职业中。本题考查固定搭配:apply sth. to 把运用到。答案 C栏目索引高考导航考点突破6.重平行重平行,觅逻辑觅逻辑 文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起,特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现,要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说,这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的,考生解题时要特别注意这一点。例例11 (2019课

36、标全国) .When the light 52 , Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 of each other,” Ro says.53A.drivingB.hidingC.campingD.sitting栏目索引高考导航考点突破思路点拨思路点拨53空与下文的standing there使用了并列连词and。根据上文Rjukan resi-dents gathered together和下文standing there可知,小镇居民都聚

37、集在广场上,或坐着或站着,A项driving,B项hiding和C项camping都不符合语境,只有D项sitting符合语境。答案答案 D栏目索引高考导航考点突破7.依常识依常识,定答案定答案 完形填空虽然是独立的语篇,但有时会渗透很多科技、文化、历史、地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。同学们在做题时如果能积极主动地调动自己已有的文化背景和生活常识,特别是注意中西文化的差异并巧妙加以利用,将会有效简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵时间,取得“事半功倍”的效果。栏目索引高考导航考点突破例例12 (2018课标全国) Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in to

38、uch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.42A.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry思路点拨思路点拨根据常识可知,和儿子13年未见,要见到自己的儿子了,作者肯定很“高兴”。答案答案 A栏目索引高考导航考点突破8.破难句破难句,解句意解句意 完形填空的文章中会出现一些

39、长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。例例13 (2017课标全国) Axani wrote in his post that he is not 55 anything in return and that the woman who uses the 56 ticket can choose to either travel with him or 57 the ticket and travel on her own.57A.returnB.ta

40、keC.reserveD.hide栏目索引高考导航考点突破思路点拨本句为主从复合句。动词wrote后面两个that分别引导宾语从句,在第二个宾语从句中who引导定语从句,先行词为the woman。搞清句子结构对选择答案是有帮助的。根据上下文可知此处表达:使用这张额外机票的女士既可以选择和他一起旅行,也可以拿着这张机票单独旅行。答案答案 B栏目索引高考导航考点突破9.巧排除巧排除,降难度降难度 在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下,考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。例例14 (2018课标全国) During my second year a

41、t the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a“free”course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of tak-ing the class because, after all, who doesnt want to42 a few dollars?More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess.41 A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tr

42、ied outD.turned down栏目索引高考导航考点突破思路点拨思路点拨根据下文who doesnt want to42 a few dollars和More than that, Id al-ways wanted to learn chess.可推断,我决定参加这门课程的学习,由此排除A、C和D三个选项。jump at欣然接受(机会、建议等),符合题意。答案答案 B栏目索引高考导航考点突破 巩固技能练巩固技能练题组一题组一Cloze1(2019广西柳州3月模拟) 记叙文 I ve learned a lesson that accepting kindness is importa

43、nt, too. Im a social worker and have been1 more time recently with those unlucky people that some might say are less 2 . I had a wonderful interaction (互动) this past week, when I had the 3 of being the receiver of kindness. I was speaking to a gentleman who had bad luck and was in 4 . We were just t

44、alking for a while and getting to 5 each other.栏目索引高考导航考点突破 Towards the end of our evening he said he wanted to6 me a hamburger at the nearby fast food restaurant. Before the day, I would have 7 that he let me buy him a meal, since he had a greater 8 than I. But my kindness experience had taught me

45、the 9 of being a good receiver, too. So I told him if he 10 wanted to do that I would be 11 to share a meal with him. It was great! He was so happy to be able to12 something like that and he was 13 the entire time. I felt glad to 14 the wonderful feeling of someones giving. We 15 some great conversa

46、tion and I could see it 16 so much to him.栏目索引高考导航考点突破 As we parted ways, instead of me feeling bad that he probably spent his last few17 on our meal, I smiled and felt with a wonderful 18 of connection and gratitude. Its not only fun to be a receiver of kindness, 19 this also gives someone else the

47、 chance to be the 20 . That is important, too.1.A.wastingB.killingC.spendingD.saving2.A.activeB.fortunateC.famousD.familiar3.A.chanceB.priceC.rightD.method4.A.returnB.prisonC.commonD.trouble5.A.knowB.hateC.loveD.encourage栏目索引高考导航考点突破6.A.borrowB.buyC.makeD.show7.A.noticedB.demandedC.orderedD.insisted

48、8.A.needB.lifeC.wishD.wealth9.A.truthB.powerC.importanceD.base10.A.exactlyB.reallyC.selflesslyD.briefly11.A.happyB.generousC.sadD.peaceful12.A.createB.refuseC.ignoreD.do13.A.regrettingB.shoutingC.smilingD.praising14.A.send outB.take awayC.calm downD.go through栏目索引高考导航考点突破15.A.missedB.avoidedC.shared

49、D.judged16.A.changedB.remainedC.lostD.meant17.A.choicesB.dollarsC.effortsD.times18.A.sightB.prideC.actD.sense19.A.andB.orC.butD.so20.A.giverB.helperC.receiverD.donator栏目索引高考导航考点突破答案答案 语篇解读本文为记叙文。人们往往重视做好事、给予别人好处,而作者却认为,做一个接受者,接受别人的恩惠也非常重要。给对方一个做好事的机会,会给对方带来快乐。1.C根据下文I had a wonderful interaction(互动)

50、 this past week可知,作者近来花费(spending)更多的时间跟处境艰难的人相处。故选C项。2.B 根据下文a gentleman who had bad luck可知,作者最近交往的人是一些不太幸运的(fortunate)人。故选B 项。3.A 根据下文being the receiver of kindness可知,作者与一位男士交流,有了一次做善意的接受者的机会(chance)。故选A项。栏目索引高考导航考点突破4.D 根据上文who had bad luck可知,此人目前处境困难(trouble)。故选D项。5.A 根据上文We were just talking fo