初中句子成分和基本句(1).ppt
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1、2 0 2 0 年 初 升 高 英 语 衔 接年 初 升 高 英 语 衔 接 语法知识语法知识专题:句子成分和基本句型专题:句子成分和基本句型定义定义 :构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分;主要成分主要成分:主语和谓语:主语和谓语次要成分次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语 地点地点 时间时间Elemen
2、ts of a sentence: S - subject V - verb P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement 主主谓谓表表宾补宾补定定状状宾宾主语(主语(subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体,说明动作是是一个句子所叙述的主体,说明动作是“谁,什么谁,什么”发出发出的,一般位于句首。的,一般位于句首。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight
3、. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. (名词)(名词) (代词)(代词) (数词)(数词)(不定式)(不定式) (动名词)(动名词) (名词化的形容词)(名词化的形容词) (句子)(句子)谓语(谓语(verb)是对主语加以陈述,是对主语加以陈述,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,一般由说明主语的动作、状态和特征,一般由V.充当充当,放在主语之后(英语句子的灵魂)放在主语之后(英语句子的灵魂) (1)由由单一动词单一动词
4、V.做谓语做谓语 We are Chinese. I saw the flag on the top of the hill? (2)情态情态V + V原原 He can speak English well. (3)助助V +V She is talking with her sister. I have seen this man before. Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital.
5、They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? I succeeded in passing the exam.(名词(名词 )( 代词)代词)(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语(宾语(object)(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)(句子)(句子)动作的对象或承受者,一般位于动作的对象或承受者,一般位于vt.和和prep.之后之后 宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语(direct object) 和和间接宾语间接宾语(indirect
6、object). 直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人. He gave me some books. 间接间接 宾语宾语(承受者)(承受者) 直接直接 宾语宾语(对象)(对象)Please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers. I found the book interesting. I make my students interested in my class. She asked me to lend her a hand. We made him monitor in our class. W
7、e found him in trouble now. We found it necessary to study English. (六)宾语补足语(六)宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有这类常用的及物动词有 :make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep(It形式宾语,形式宾语,to do是真
8、正宾语)是真正宾语)(四)表语(四)表语(predicative)在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份,特征和用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态。状态。1. The speech is exciting. 2. They seem to know the truth.3. Time is precious.Im tired today.That remains a puzzle.1. I dont feel at ease. 2. That s why he came here.(五)定语(五)定语(adjective) 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限
9、制名词或代词的词、词组或从句单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前 前置定语前置定语短语,句子一般放在所修饰词前短语,句子一般放在所修饰词前 后置定语后置定语 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(形容
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- 初中 句子成分 基本
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