2022贵州职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

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1、2022贵州职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.B第三篇/B BClone Farm/B Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to clone chickens on a massive scale. Once a chicken with desirabl

2、e traits has been bred or genetically engineered, tens of thousands of eggs, which will hatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate, have the same amount

3、of meat and taste the same. This, at least, is the vision of the USs National Institute of Science and Technology, which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North Carolina $4.7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, who fear

4、it could increase the suffering of farm birds. Thats unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food. Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there, says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this

5、demand, Origen aims to create an animal that is effectively a clone, he says. Normal cloning doesnt work in birds because eggs cant be removed and implanted. Instead, the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as theyre laid, The trick is to culture th

6、e cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent, says Fitzgerald. Using a long-established technique, these donor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is. a chimera. Strictly speaking a chimera isnt a c

7、lone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if, say, 95 percent of a chickens body develops from donor cells. In the poultry world, it doesnt matter if its not 100 percent, he says. Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do

8、 this, it has teamed up with Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50,000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it. In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells

9、 from different strains of chicken. If orders come in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks. At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, and it takes years to breed enough chickens to produce the bil

10、lions of eggs that farmers need.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph AEggs are all genetically engineered.BThousands of eggs are produced every hour.CCloned chickens are bull-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.DI

11、dentical eggs can be hatched on the production lines. 2.B第二篇/BBThe Only Way Is Up/B Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities dont permit buildings to go above a certain heig

12、ht. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And

13、the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They ha

14、d to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift - or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology

15、 is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public co

16、nfidence in the new invention, In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that i

17、t would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior fund lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble

18、 of personal space we carry around with us and you just cant choose to move away, says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. S

19、ome stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes, Dont worry about them. They are probably from a university.these are cities

20、 concerned with the past in the first paragraph refer to cities that Aare worded about their past.Bhave a glorious past to be proud of.Cwant to maintain their traditional image.Dare very interested in their own history. 3. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。 B第一篇/B BSome Things We Know about Language/B Ma

21、ny things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicat

22、e with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive.

23、In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed t

24、hat the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are famili

25、ar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate, That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natura

26、l and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive an

27、d may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.In the second paragraph the author thinks that Asome backward race doesnt have a language of its own.Bsome race in history didnt possess a language of its own.Cany human race, whether backward or not, has a language.Dsome

28、races on earth can communicate without language. 4. 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 BAn Early Form of Jazz Music/B Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the last century, U (51) /Ujazz was born, America had no prominent. U (52) /Uof

29、its own. No one knows exactly when it was invented or by whom. But it began to beU (53) /Uin the early 1890s. Jazz is Americas contribution toU (54) /Umusic. In contrast to classical music, whichU (55) /Uformal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form. It bubbles with energy, U (56)

30、 /Uthe moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazzU (57) /Ulike America. And so it does today. TheU (58) /Uof the music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to the Southern statesU

31、 (59) /Uslaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friends and relativesU (60) /Ua procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied theU (61) /U. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music

32、suited to the occasion. U (62) /Uon the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their number, but the living were glad to beU (63) /U. The band playedU (64) /Umusic, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunesU (65) /Uat the funeral. This music made everyo

33、ne want to dance. It was an early form of jazz. AwhileBwhenCsinceDas 5. 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 BAn Early Form of Jazz Music/B Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the last century, U (51) /Ujazz was born, America had no pro

34、minent. U (52) /Uof its own. No one knows exactly when it was invented or by whom. But it began to beU (53) /Uin the early 1890s. Jazz is Americas contribution toU (54) /Umusic. In contrast to classical music, whichU (55) /Uformal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form. It bubbles

35、 with energy, U (56) /Uthe moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazzU (57) /Ulike America. And so it does today. TheU (58) /Uof the music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to

36、the Southern statesU (59) /Uslaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friends and relativesU (60) /Ua procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied theU (61) /U. On the way to the cemetery the band played

37、 slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. U (62) /Uon the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their number, but the living were glad to beU (63) /U. The band playedU (64) /Umusic, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunesU (65) /Uat the funeral. Th

38、is music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz. AmusicBsongsCmelodiesDtunes 6.B第二篇/BBThe Only Way Is Up/B Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities dont p

39、ermit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where m

40、oney is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings wa

41、s limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift - or elevator, as he preferred t

42、o call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It wa

43、s this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention, In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going

44、in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior fund lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. It breaks

45、all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just cant choose to move away, says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as

46、an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes, Dont worry about them. They are p

47、robably from a university.The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in Athe shortage of money.Bthe lack of a device to carry people upward.Cbackward technology.Dmountains taking up land space. 7. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。 B第一篇/B BSome Things We Know about Language/B Many things about language are a mystery,