高二英语语法：虚拟语气.ppt

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1、高二英语语法高二英语语法-虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood) 概念: 一种表示愿望，建议，假设的语气，用来表示说的话不是事实，或者可能性很小的情况。虚拟语气分虚拟语气分五五个部分个部分 一、三条公式一、三条公式 二、省略倒装二、省略倒装 三、错综句三、错综句 四、含蓄条件句四、含蓄条件句 五、特殊（其他）情况五、特殊（其他）情况一、虚拟语气三条公式（动词形式对应）一、虚拟语气三条公式（动词形式对应） 动词形式动词形式时间时间从句从句主句主句与将来事实可能与将来事实可能相反相反与现在事实相反与现在事实相反did /werewould /should /could /mi

2、ght + 动词原形与过去事实相反与过去事实相反would /should /could /might + 动词原形did / were should + 动词原形动词原形 were to do had donewould/could/should/mignt have done【跟踪演练】1.要是我上个学期努力学习英语的话，我就不会考试失败了。2.假如他今晚能回来的话，他也许会给你一些建议。If I had studied English hard last term, I wouldnt have failed the exam.If he were to come back this e

3、vening, he might give you some advice.3.要是我是你，我明天就向老师道歉。4.要是我是你 ，我就听老师的建议。If I were you, I would apologize to the teacher tomorrow.If I were you, I would follow the teachers advice.二、虚拟语气从句的省略倒装虚拟语气从句的省略倒装 如果if 从句中含有should , had, were 时，则可以省略if，把这三个词放于句首（if 溜，溜，had, should, were句首走）句首走） 1. If I were

4、 you, I would attend the party. Were I you , I would attend the party. 2. If it were to rain , what would you do ? - - - - -? 3. If you had come earlier, you would have caught the first bus. Were it to rain ,Had you come earlier1._ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were

5、 C. Were I D. Was I【跟踪演练】2. _ difficulties, we would be successful. A. Should we overcomeB. Would we overcomeC. Might we overcome D. Could we overcome 3. _ the exam, he would have attended college. A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass4. _ five minutes earlier, you

6、could have seen them off.A.If you should arriveB. If you arriveC. Had you arrivedD. Should you arrive找准时间 灵活对应三、错综句：三、错综句：( (主从句时态不一致）主从句时态不一致）1.If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 2.If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this.3. If I were you, I would ha

7、ve gone to her birthday party.【跟踪演练】 翻译： （2013 北京）1. 如果我们早一点订了桌子，我们就不会再这儿排队了(stand in a queue) 2. 如果我是你的话，我早就出国了。If we had booked the table earlier, we would not be standing hereIf I were you , I would have gone abroad.四、含蓄条件句四、含蓄条件句 当条件句被without, otherwise, or，but for等词汇或短语替代时，就叫做含蓄条件句 1.Without su

8、nlight, peoples life would be different from that today. 2.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. 3.Im glad that I went over all my notes; otherwise I would have failed the exam.【跟踪演练】 1. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet. .否则我早参加了运动会。 2. Without electricity, human life

9、 _quite difficult. A. is B. will be C. would be D. would have been would have taken part inC五、其他虚拟情况五、其他虚拟情况1. 表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should) 动词原形。(1)一坚持：insist、(2) 二命令：order, command(3) 三要求：request, require, demand (4) 四建议：动词advise, suggest, propose, recommend (名词advice, suggestion, proposal, reco

10、mmendation)【注意】(1)suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。(2)insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。【拓展延伸】1.The doctor suggested that he (should） be operated on at once.2. His look suggested that he stayed up late yesterday.3.Tom insisted that he was innocent and be set free.2. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ impor

11、tant + that-clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形如：It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.3.wish 引导的虚拟语气引导的虚拟语气wish + thatHow I wishdid/were 现在had done 过去would / might /could do 将来(1)我要是记得地址就好

12、了。（真可惜我忘了）I wish I remembered the address.(2)要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）How I wish he had not left.(3)要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人已预料到明天不会下雨）I wish it would rain tomorrow.4. as if /though + clause现在：过去：将来 :did /werehad donewould+动词原形She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United St

13、ates.4. as if /though + clause现在：过去：将来 :did /werehad donewould+动词原形She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States. 5. if only 要是要是.就好了就好了 if only (现在或将来）现在或将来） that sb did . （过去）（过去） that sb had done If only I had passed the driving test last week!6. wo

14、uld rather that现在/将来：过去：过去式过去完成式（1）I would rather you paid me now.（2）I would rather you had gone, too.（3）Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.【跟踪演练】（1）我真希望你告诉我真相。 Id rather you told me the truth. （2）我宁愿不再见到你。 Id rather I didnt see you again. （3）我倒希望他们和我一起去。 I would rather they went with me.7.

15、 Its (about/high) time +that过去式should +v.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 8. 祝愿语祝愿语 God bless you ! Long live the PRC!【高考链接高考链接】1.(2012北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当成是钢铁做的那样处理。as

16、if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气；与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。2.(2012陕西高考)If my car_more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had been C. should beD. would be【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：假如我的车再可靠点的话，去年夏天我就不会坐飞机而是自驾去拉萨了。根据时间状语last summer 可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。所以if从句用“had done”，主

17、句用“would have done”。1. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A.had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring2. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A.had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try【课堂训练】3. He demanded that the laboratory report _ i

18、mmediately after the experiment was done. A.was written B. be writtenC. must be written D. would be written4. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A.had known B. would know C. should know D. knew5. I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me. A.didnt know B. hadnt known C. would have known D. havent known6. It is really strange that Mary, who is still a college student, _ so early. A.has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry