初中宾语从句课件.ppt

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1、 宾语从句命题趋势（中考） 引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的时态： 1. 由不同连接词引导的宾语从句由不同连接词引导的宾语从句 2. 宾语从句中的陈述语序宾语从句中的陈述语序 3. 宾语从句中时态的呼应宾语从句中时态的呼应 4. 宾语从句的宾语从句的 否定转移否定转移问题一问题一: 什么是宾语什么是宾语?宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置置于及物动词或介词后。于及物动词或介词后。I love you.I am fond of reading books

2、in the sun.He bought me a pen.How is he getting along with his English teacher?We keep it a secret.I will arrange my holiday as follows. I think (that) your clothes fit well. He couldnt tell me where his home was.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语He always pays attention towhatever the teacher says.He talked of how he he

3、lped the old man.宾语从句的三要素：宾语从句的三要素：连接词陈述句语序时态呼应 宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词：类别类别 关联词关联词 特特 点点. . 从属连从属连词词that, whether/if只起连接作用，不充当从只起连接作用，不充当从句成分。句成分。. .连接代词连接代词 who, whom, what，which,whose起连接作用外，还在从句起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语或定语中充当主语或宾语或定语. .连接副词连接副词 when, where, how，why起连接作用外，还在从句起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。中充当状语。1. 由that引导

4、的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed. 宾语从句的类型宾语从句的类型练一练练一练1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings w

5、ell.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Iknow2.Shesays3.Tellyourfriend（that）2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.If and whether 1.在动词不定式之前只能用whether I cant decide whether to stay. 2.在whether.or not的固定搭配中

6、I want to know whether it is good news or not. 3.在介词后，只能用whether His father is worried about whether he lose his work. 4.主语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.练一练练一练1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will

7、they read books ?6.Can you sing ?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: :1.Do you know 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks 3.The teacher asks if/whether3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom)

8、they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.练一练练一练1. What is this ?2. What are you doing ?3. Where do you live ?4. When does he get up ?5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句

9、用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:1.Doyouknow2.Iwanttoknow3.Canyoutellme4.ThemanaskedMynameisMyfavoritesportisIamIspeak/have/likeIcanplayAreyou?Canyouplay?Doyoudo?Whereareyou?Whatcanyoudo?Howdoyoudo?陈陈述述句句-一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句结构比较结构比较_+_+_主语主语谓语谓语.?_+_+_特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词_/_/_+_+_主语主语谓语谓语?陈陈述述句句一般一般

10、疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句_+_+_结构比较结构比较be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词主语主语谓语谓语_+_+_.主语主语?_+_+_特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句?_+_+_主语主语?_+_+_主语主语结论结论:陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句中的中的be动词动词,情态动词情态动词,助动词在主语后助动词在主语后,而而在疑问句中在疑问句中,它们则在主语前它们则在主语前 语序语序 宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律要用陈述语序，即主语，谓语的顺序 Do you know what Kates e-mail address is? He

11、asked me whose book this is. The doctor asked me what was wrong.句子的两种语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序2疑问句结构叫疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问语序将下列句子改成陈述句语序：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenu

12、e They are doing homework 时态呼应 主句与从句时态一致 若主句是现在的某种状态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，）那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow. 若主句是过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，）那么从句一定要用过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） He told me that he would take part in the hig

13、h jump. He asked me if I had taken his soap.注意 若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去式，从句也用一般现在是。 He told me that the earth goes round the sun.(真理） He said that YaoMing is much taller than him.（事实） 否定转移否定转移 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，例如I dont think he will come with

14、you. I dont believe you are right.A: What is Peter doing now? Do you know?B: I know (that) _ _ _ now.Peter isfishingPeter: Im fishing now.A: What did Peter say?B: He said (that )_ _ _.he was fishingLook at the picturesKate: Is Mary reading an English book? A: What did Kate ask? B: She asked _ _ _ _

15、an English book.Mary was readingif/ whether宾宾 语语 从从 句句 小小 结结一一.结构结构1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构结构:主句主句+引导词引导词that + 主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+ if(whether) +主语主语 +谓语部谓语部分分3.当当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分二主从时态关系二主从时态关系 主句主句 从句从句一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般

16、过去时 3.(特殊特殊):任何时态任何时态 (客观、自然现象客观、自然现象)三三.语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序时态不变时态不变时态相应变化时态相应变化一般现在时一般现在时1.TengYiaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.2.HuangKedoesntknowwhathedoesyesterday.3.ChenXiangwonderedwhereIhavebeen.4.LiLeisaidthatthemoonwentroundtheearth.5.PengHuidoesntknowthatwhenshecancomeback.6.WangHaodidntknowifheca

17、nhelpmeornot.7.HeXuehaisaidshedidntknowhowmuchdidthecomputercost.1. Teng Yi asked me why was I late for school. 注意语序。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句注意语序。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句的语序，即先主语后谓语。的语序，即先主语后谓语。Iwas2. Huang Ke doesnt know what he does yesterday.3. Chen Xiang wondered where I have been.4. Li Lei said that the moon went ro

18、und the earth.5. He doesnt know that when she can come back.didhadgoes宾语从句不能同时用两个引导词。宾语从句不能同时用两个引导词。6.WHdidntknowifhecanhelpmeornot.whetherwhetherornot/whetherornot的情况下，连接词只能用的情况下，连接词只能用whether.7.HeXuehaisaidshedidntknowhowmuchdidthecomputercost.宾语从句应用陈述句语序。宾语从句应用陈述句语序。练一练练一练( )1. Miss Green didnt t

19、ell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived( )2. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where would he play football C. if had he seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game( ) 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that

20、B. whether C. what D. which( )4. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name isDDBD( ) 5. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave( ) 6.-We dont know _. -It is said that he was born

21、 in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from( ) 7. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did( ) 8. Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. w

22、hichBCCC 1. I hear (that) _. (一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来） he will be back in an hourhe missed us very much 3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）the earth moves around the sun2. He said (that) _. (他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）完成句子完成句子4. I want to know _ _. (他是否跟我们一起去公园他是否跟我们一起去公园) if (whether) he will go to

23、the park with us 5. Ask him _. (他是否能来他是否能来)whether (if) he can come6. Please tell me _ _. (我们将什么时候开会我们将什么时候开会)7. Can you tell me _. (他在哪他在哪儿儿)8. Could you tell me _ _. (我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站) when well have a meetingwhere he is how I can get to the station若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移 I hope it doesnt rain. 我希望

24、不要下雨。 I hope you dont mind my saying it. 我希望你别介意我说这些话。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语 having) Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 按英语习惯，anyoneanyone只能出现在否定否定词之后，不能出

25、现在否定否定词之前。Dont tell anyone, will you? 你可不要告诉任何人哟。I dont know anyone at this party. 这晚会上我一个人也不认识。 I dont want to waste anyones time. 我不想浪费任何人的时间。比较下面的正误句：谁也不知道将来会发生什么事。Anyone doesnt know what will happen in the future. No one knows what will happen in the future. 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。如： The ant is

26、not gathering this for itself alone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。(否定状语) He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。(否定because状语) risttl She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌

27、着了迷。(否定状语many weeks) 宾语从句的简化的宾语从句的简化的 六种方法六种方法 方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide，wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn，rememb

28、er， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to

29、 the station？ 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。 The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。 He insisted that he shouldgo with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor

30、boy doesnt knowwhen and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the Time and the place of his birth. 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。 Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。 I

31、t seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。还有一些特殊句式的转化。 I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with t

32、hick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy. I dont remember that I haveEver seen such a man. I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人 引导词引导词的作用例句That本身无意义，起连接作用，可省略He said(that)kate was good at swimming.What,which,who,whose,whom在从句中做一定的成分，如主语，宾语，定

33、语等I dont know what they are going to do.When,where,why,how在从句中作状语Could you tell me where you are from?If/whether是否，不做句子成分，但不能省略He asked me if Miss Wei is a teacher.由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句:that无实际意义，不作句子成分，可以省略。无实际意义，不作句子成分，可以省略。1.他对我们说他不舒服。他对我们说他不舒服。2.我知道他已经回来了。我知道他已经回来了。He told us that he felt

34、 ill.I know he has returned.有时宾语从句可以用引词有时宾语从句可以用引词it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。He made it clear that he preferred to study English.I find it hard that we can finish the work on time. 他明确地说他宁愿学英语。他明确地说他宁愿学英语。我发现我们能按时完成这项工作很难。我发现我们能按时完成这项工作很难。由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句1. I wonder _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）（他是否跟我们一起去

35、公园）2. I dont know _. （是否要下雨）（是否要下雨）3.I wonder _ it doesnt rain. ( whether / if ) if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether it is going to rain or not注意：注意：1. whetheror not是固定结构；是固定结构； 2.宾语从句是否定句，只能用宾语从句是否定句，只能用if。if 1.Could you tell me we get to the place? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The

36、teacher saysshe will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 3.I am not sure _ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. who 4.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. ifAC解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词Exercises:BA5.Do you know h

37、ow much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum needs Ddid Mum need6.Can you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he7.I want to know how long.Ahas he been backBhas he come backChe has been backDhe has come backCAC解题指导二：解题指导二：语序正常语序正常：连接词连接词后紧跟后紧跟主语主语+谓语谓语，即宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。即宾语从句中要用

38、陈述句语序。8.I thought he _to see his mother if he _time.Awill gohasBwill go will haveCwould go would haveDwould go had9.Do you know?A. what the news areB. what is the newsC. what the news is D. what are the news解题指导三解题指导三: 时态呼应时态呼应若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；情况而定；若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要

39、用过去的某个若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个时态，客观真理除外。时态，客观真理除外。8. I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are goingC注意一注意一: I wish 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句:翻译翻译:1.我多希望我是一只小鸟。我多希望我是一只小鸟。2.我希望我昨天能去看那场电影。我希望我昨天能去看那场电影。3.我希望明年我就能大学毕业。我希望明年我就能大学毕业。(graduate)1. I wish (that) I were a little bird

40、.2. I wish (that) I could have gone to see the movie yesterday.3. I wish (that) I could graduate from college next year.I wish.1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望表示与现在事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓宾语从句中谓语动词形式为语动词形式为 were / did2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望表示与过去事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓宾语从句中谓语动词形式为语动词形式为 had done 或或 could/would have done3.表示与将来事实相反的愿望表示与将来事实相反的愿望

41、,宾语从句中谓宾语从句中谓语动词形式为语动词形式为 should/ would/might do注意二注意二:在动词在动词insist(坚持坚持), order ,command (命令命令)advise, propose, suggest (建议建议),demand(要要求求), request, require (请求请求)等后面的宾语从句等后面的宾语从句中谓语动词要用中谓语动词要用(should) do1.他坚持我们应该在他坚持我们应该在9:00之前完成作业。之前完成作业。2.经理要求每人每天要按时上班。经理要求每人每天要按时上班。3.老师建议我们每天早上听英语。老师建议我们每天早上听英

42、语。Answers:1.He insisted that we (should) finish thehomework before 9:00.2.The manager demands that everyone(should) go to work on time every day.3.The teacher suggests that we (should)listen to English every morning.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等时，从句的否定要转移到主句中。等时，从句的否定要转移到主句中。I d

43、ont think she is right.我认为她不对。我认为她不对。我相信他不会通过考试。我相信他不会通过考试。注意三：否定转移注意三：否定转移I dont believe he will pass the exam. ExerciseThe radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return)

44、 it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)Will begoeswere playinghave r

45、eturnedhad beenwere doingtravelsAre talkingwere10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the sun 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the

46、sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid 小结小结: 复习宾语从句复习宾语从句: 连接词、陈述语序和时态呼应连接词、陈述语序和时态呼应 解题方法：判断语义解题方法：判断语义 语序正常语序正常 时态一致时态一致 连接词连接词在从句中充当句子成分thatwhether/ifwho/whomwhosewhichwhatwhen/where/why/how不作句子成分，无意义，可省不作句子成分，无意义，可省略略不作句子成分，有意义，不能省不作句子成分，有意义，不能省作主语作主语/作宾语，不能省略作宾语，不能省略作定语，不能省略作定语，不能省略作主语或宾语，不能省略作主语或宾语，不能省略作主语、宾语、定语，不能省略作主语、宾语、定语，不能省略作状语，不能省略作状语，不能省略