2022年宁夏同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试考前冲刺卷（3）.docx

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1、2022年宁夏同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试考前冲刺卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.肺大疱（）AX线胸片病变部位透亮度增加BX线胸片病变部位肺纹理消失C两者均有D两者均无2.中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性明显增高见于A慢性粒细胞白血病B类白血病反应C急性粒细胞白血病D急性淋巴细胞白血病3.女性，34岁，阵发性腹痛4天，伴有恶心、呕吐，起病以来肛门未排便排气，3年前因胆囊结石行胆囊切除术，正值月经中期。查体：脉搏120次/分，血压90/60mmHg，腹饱满，右侧腹部较对侧膨

2、隆，有压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张。右下腹腔穿刺抽出少量暗红色液体。血红蛋白110g/L，最可能的诊断是A绞窄性肠梗阻B宫外孕，输卵管妊娠破裂C急性阑尾炎穿孔，腹膜炎D卵巢囊肿蒂扭转E十二指肠溃疡穿孔4.可促进胆囊收缩和胰酶分泌的胃肠激素是（）A促胃液素B缩胆囊素C促胰液素D抑胃肽E促胃动素5.急性普通型肝炎的病变主要是（）A下列各项都有B肝细胞变性C肝细胞坏死D肝细胞再生E纤维组织增生6.良性高血压的基本病变是A增生性细小动脉炎B细小动脉的纤维素样坏死C细小动脉痉挛D肉芽肿性小动脉炎E细动脉玻璃样变性7.可促进胰腺和肝脏分泌NaHCO3的主要胃肠激素是（）A促胃液素B缩胆囊素C促胰液素D抑胃肽E促胃

3、动素8.槟榔肝的肝小叶内，肝细胞可有（）A下列各项都有B肝细胞变性C肝细胞坏死D肝细胞再生E纤维组织增生9.Woman: Oh no, I just picked up the pictures I took at Dan and Lindas wedding, and look at them. None of them came out.Man: They are dark, arent they What a shame. Oh well, Im sure the professional photographer got everything.Question: What does t

4、he man meanASomeone else at the wedding took good pictures.BThe womans camera is broken.CDan and Linda didnt hire a professional photographer.DHe wasnt at Dan and Lindas wedding. 10.Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Fo

5、r each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an

6、expert claimed yesterday. Todays youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentic

7、e, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 in and may be 42-44 in by 2032

8、. This compares with only 32.6 in in 1972. Womens waists have grown from an average of 22 in in 1920 to 24 in in the Fifties and 30 in now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classe

9、d as overweight or obesedouble the number in the mid-Eighties. One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obese. The obesity pandemican extensive epidemicwhich started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australia, Central America and the Middle East. Many nations now record more th

10、an 20 percent of their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments

11、. He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese persons lifespan is shortened by around nine years, while a severely obese person by

12、 many more. Prof Prentice said: So will parents outlive their children, as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist The answer is yesand no. Yes, when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a gr

13、eatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.What does the word sedentary (Para. 2) mean ASit still.BEat too much.CStudy very hard.DPassive thinking. 11.Passage Four Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow duri

14、ng the 1960s and 1970s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in

15、the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the

16、environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States w

17、ere different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists fou

18、nd that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil t

19、aken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统)respond r

20、apidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that_. Alead deposits in arctic snow are on the increaseBthe Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsCthe US is the major so

21、urce of lead pollution in arctic snowDlead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected 12.Passage Three In recent years there has been an increasing number of large oil spills. These spills, some of which have occurred directly at the site of extraction and others during transportation, have had

22、 in adverse effect on marine organisms. Because of the importance of these organisms in the life cycle, research has been carried out in order to identify more accurately the reactions of these organisms to oil. A recent study has revealed that it is essential to understand that there is not one but

23、 rather, at least four possible ways in which oil can affect an organism. First, as a result of an organisms ingestion of oil, direct lethal toxicity (毒性), that is, death by poisoning, can occur. However, in cases where the effect is less extreme, sub-lethal toxicity occurs. While cellular and physi

24、ological processes are involved in both cases in the latter, the organism continues to survive. Second, in some cases, oil forms a covering on the organism. This covering, referred to as coating, can result in smothering, that is, death of the organism due to lack of air. In instances where the effe

25、cts of coating are less severe, interference with movement and loss of insulated properties of feathers or fur may occur. The third effect of oil on marine organisms is the tainting or contamination of edible organisms. This results from the incorporation of hydrocarbons (碳化氢) into the organism, thu

26、s making it unfit for human consumption. The final effect which this study has revealed is that of habitual changes. The alterations in the physical and chemical environment brought about by oil spills result in a change in the species composition of a region. The implications of this must recent st

27、udy are far-reaching. An oil spill in a particular region could critically upset the balance of nature, the total effect only becoming apparent after many years.What is the title of this passage AMarine Organisms.BOil Spills.CThe Effect of Oil on Marine Organisms.DThe Study of Oil Spills. 13.Part Cl

28、ozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. From childhood to old a

29、ge, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first (61) , they were like newborn children, unable to use this (62) tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future (63) and cultural growth increased. Many l

30、inguists believe that evolution is (64) for our ability to produce and use language. They (65) that our highly evolved brain provides us (66) an innate language ability not found in lower (67) . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our (68) for language is inborn, but that language itself d

31、evelops gradually, (69) a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical (70) times for language development. Current (71) of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. (72) , more and more schoo

32、ls are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in (73) grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being (74) to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the (75) of their first language have become firmly fixed. AgeneratedBevolvedCbornDori

33、ginated 14.Passage Five Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in super

34、vision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the U.S. these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, D.C., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throughout the n

35、ation. The Feds actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on the U.S. interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets. The Federal Reserves basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning ba

36、nk regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enunciates the Feds policies on both monetary and banking matters. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policies decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks,

37、 stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply control; the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the priva

38、te banking system. The U.S. banking systems regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Coop

39、eration (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nations money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government. Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the Board of Governors are not subject to the congres

40、sional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ($20.2 billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of income-earning securities, primarily those of the U.S. government. Outlays ($1

41、.5 billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned $16.8 billion in earnings to the U.S. Treasury.The Fed of the United States_. Afunctions as China B

42、ankBis the counterpart of Peoples Bank of ChinaCis subject to the banking community and governmentDhas 13 top officers who can influence the American financial market 15.Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of th

43、em, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an expert claim

44、ed yesterday. Todays youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the

45、London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 in and may be 42-44 in by 2032. This compa

46、res with only 32.6 in in 1972. Womens waists have grown from an average of 22 in in 1920 to 24 in in the Fifties and 30 in now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classed as overwei

47、ght or obesedouble the number in the mid-Eighties. One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obese. The obesity pandemican extensive epidemicwhich started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australia, Central America and the Middle East. Many nations now record more than 20 percen

48、t of their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments. He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in