免疫学概述.ppt

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1、Immunity,1.Immunity:referstoallmechanismsusedbythebodyasprotectionagainstenvironmentalagentsthatareforeigntothebody.(torecognizeandeliminateforeignsubstances)2.Agents:microorganisms(viruses,bacteriaetc)andtheirproducts,foods,chemicals,pollen,tumorcells,etc.3.Immunesystem:immunetissuesandorgans,immun

2、ecells,immunemolecules,Introduction,Threefunctionsofimmunesystem:(1)immunologicdefence(2)immunologicsurveillance(3)immunologichomeostasis,TheDangerModel:ARenewedSenseofSelf,PollyMatzinger,TheSelf-NonselfModelsTheInfectious-Nonself(INS)ModelTheDangerModel,ImmuneResponse,Introduction,Innateimmunerespo

3、nsenaturalimmuneresponsenon-specificimmuneresponseAdaptiveimmuneresponseacquiredimmuneresponsespecificimmuneresponse,Innateimmunity,Itreferstoanyinbornimmunitythatisalreadypresentthefirsttimeapathogenisencountered.Itdoesnotrequirepriorexposureandisnotmodifiedsignificantlybyrepeatedexposurestothepath

4、ogenoverthelifeofanindividual.,Introduction,Theprincipalmechanismsofinnateandadaptiveimmunity,Innateimmunitymechanismofrecognition,Pathogenassociatedmoleculespatterns(PAMPs）:LPS,DNA,RNA,ProteinDanger-associatedmolecularpatterns(DAMPS):DNA,HSPPatternrecognitionreceptors(PRR):Toll-likereceptor(TLR),C-

5、lectinrecptor(CLR),RIG-I-Likerecptor(RLR),NOD-likeReceptor(NLR),Toll-likereceptor(TLR),TLR,Innateimmuneresponse,Introduction,Adaptiveimmuneresponse,TheTcellsandBcellsinthebodyrecognizetheantigenand,inturn,becomeactivated.Theactivatedlymphocytesthenproliferateandcarryouttheirspecificeffectorfunctions

6、.,Typesofadaptiveimmunity,TwotypesofadaptiveimmunityHumoralimmunity:mediatedbyBcellsanddefenseagainstextracellularmicrobes.Cell-mediatedimmunity:mediatedbyTcellsanddefenseagainstintracellularmicrobes.,Cell-mediatedimmunity:Phagocytosis(cellulareating)cytotoxcity(cellularkilling)Humoralimmunity:antib

7、odies:(alsocalledimmunoglobulin)proteinssecretedbyBcellsthatbinddirectlyandspecificallytopathogens.Aplement:groupofserumproteinsthatcandirectlykillpathogens.,ImmuneEffectorMechanisms,2005Elsevier,Typesofadaptiveimmunity.,Adaptiveimmuneresponse,Introduction,1.Theactivationoflymphocytesantigeninteract

8、swithspecificreceptors:Bcell-BCR(Bcellreceptor):membraneIgTcell-TCR(Tcellreceptor),co-stimulatorysignal2.ProliferationanddifferentiationoflymphocytesBcell-cytokines(IL-4,etc.)Tcell-Antigen-TCR;co-stimulatorysignal;cytokines(IL-2,IL-7,IL-15)3.EffectorcellsandtheirfunctionsBcell-Antibody;Tcell-Th,CTL4

9、.Memorycells,Downloadedfrom:StudentConsult(on31May200605:26PM),2005Elsevier,Downloadedfrom:StudentConsult(on31May200605:26PM),2005Elsevier,Linksbetweeninnateandadaptiveimmunity,Theclonalselectionhypothesis,TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1987forhisdiscoveryofthegeneticprincipleforgenerationofantibodydiversity,SusumuTonegawa（利川根进）,GenerearrangementofIg,Mostbloodcellsacttofightinfection.,Adaptiveimmunity,Innateimmunity,Bloodcellslineages.,PropertiesofTH1,TH2,andTH17subsetsofCD4+helperTcells.,BLymphocytes,Introduction,