2021贵州职称英语考试模拟卷(5).docx
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1、2021贵州职称英语考试模拟卷(5)本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意) 1.下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his col
2、leagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holon
3、yak received the $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise. Holonyak sa
4、id. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how se
5、miconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.
6、Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have. You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something impo
7、rtant, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know. he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of mo
8、lecular sieves, that can separate molecules by size.Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 2.B第二篇/BSleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file Findings publishe
9、d online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of slee
10、ping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating(散发) from the somato-sensory (耳、目、口等以外的) neocortex (新大脑皮层) ( an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus(海马), which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brai
11、n waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory con
12、solidation. A second study, also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes(糖尿病,多尿症) suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work,
13、Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans (细看,审视,浏览,扫描)
14、 and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those
15、 of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. Our study suggests that this impairment (损害、损伤) may contribute to the memory deficits (赤字、不足额) that occur as people age. Convit says. And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems i
16、n cognition. Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check(阻止、制止), so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University AThe electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex.BOs
17、cillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.CSomatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.DSomatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation. 3.下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。Inventor of LE
18、D When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his
19、 work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the
20、award to prominent inventors. Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise. Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where h
21、e invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last
22、about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt re
23、alize how many uses they would have. You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know. he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flani
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