5高中英语定语从句的练习.ppt

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1、定语从句专练定语从句专练 Que Sera Sera When I was just a little girl,I asked my mother, What will I be ? Will I be pretty? Will I be rich ? Heres what she said to me. Que Sera Sera, whatever will be, will be. The futures not ours to see , Que Sera Sera. What will be , will be. When I grew up and fell in love, I

2、 asked my sweet heart, What lies ahead? Will we have rainbows day after day? Heres what my sweet heart said, Que Sera Sera. Whatever will be will be. The futures not ours to see. Que Sera Sera. What will be will be. Now I have children of my own . They ask their mother, What will I be ? Will I be ha

3、ndsome ? Will I be rich ? I tell them tenderly , Que Sera Sera. Whatever will be will be . The futures not ours to see. Que Sera Sera. . What will be will be.1.The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.（2000全国高考）全国高考） A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to c

4、arry out2._is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2001全国高考全国高考) A.Until B. As C. That D. What高考例题高考例题: :AB一一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型英语句子从结构上看有三种类型： 1.简单句（简单句（Simple Sentence) 2.并列句（并列句（Compound Sentence) 3.复合句复合句 （Complex Sentence) (1)简单句的五大基本句型：简单句的五大基本句型： 主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语

5、表语 主语主语 及物动词宾语及物动词宾语 主语不及物动词状语主语不及物动词状语 主语及物动词间宾直宾主语及物动词间宾直宾 主语及物动词宾语宾补主语及物动词宾语宾补 Her face turned red with anger. You can consider my suggestion. This kind of cloth sells well.He explained the sentence to us.He found the work half done.（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连

6、在一起。简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。 其结构其结构是：是： 简单句简单句+等立连词等立连词+简单句简单句（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。句三类。He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now./Keep on and you will make

7、 progress.定语：定语：用于修饰名词或代词用于修饰名词或代词He is a physics teacher.Please show me another ticket. Australia is an English-speaking country.是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份 从句从句：三三.定语从句定语从句： 由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先行词先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引导词引导词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作

8、用：引导词的作用： (1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置开动脑筋开动脑筋：看谁的句子最漂亮？看谁的句子最漂亮？1.A traveller is a person whothat travels2.A computer is a machine3.A clock is a machine4.A fridge is a machine5.A tailor is a person6.A beggar is a person7.A teacher is a person8.A nurse is a person9

9、.The panda is a kind of animal10.April Ist is the daythat does counting most quickly.that tells people time.which is used to keep food fresh.who makes clothes.who makes a living by begging.who gives lessons to students.that looks after people who are ill.that can be found only in China.which is call

10、ed April Fools Day in the West. 作用作用例句例句作主语作主语We visited the factory which that makes toys for children.Most managers who that are present at the meeting agreed to the plan.作宾语作宾语The student whomthatwho you want to see has come.The letter which that I received yesterday was from my father.作定语作定语The

11、girl whose mother is a teacher works very hard.The room whose windows were broken was mine.作状语作状语In 1998,he returned to the small town where he grew up.I still remember the day when I met him for the first time.The reason why he missed the speech was that he didnt catch the bus.关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词

12、的作用关系代词和关系副词如何区别？关系代词和关系副词如何区别？1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is t

13、he house _Lincoln once lived.RememberRemember: : 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythatwhichthatwhichwhenthatwhichwhere7.(1) He still lives in the room _window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the r

14、oom _is in the north of the city. whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together. (2)I will never forget the days _we spent together.whenthat 9.(1) The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill. (2) The reason _he explained is not true.whythat10.(1) We will meet at the same place_w

15、e met last month. (2) We will meet at the same place _we visited last month.wherethat who,that （先行词为人）（先行词为人） 有区别吗？有区别吗？1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况： (1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pr

16、onunciation should practise more.2. 用用that不用不用who的情况的情况： (1) 当先行词既是人又是物。当先行词既是人又是物。 (2)当句子出现一个当句子出现一个who等。等。 （3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered thereWho is the man that spoke to you just now?Mary is no longer the girl that she used t

17、o be.which,thatwhich,that ( (先行词为物）先行词为物） 有区别吗？有区别吗？1.只用只用thatthat不用不用which which 的情况的情况： (1)先行词为先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词等不定代词 （2）先行词既是人又是物。）先行词既是人又是物。 （3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被）先行词被the very,the only,the last,any,every,who等修饰时等修饰时。All that can be done ha

18、s been done.He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.This is the very book that I am looking for.Who that has such a home doesnt love it?（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时）关系代词在从句中作表语时China is no longer the country that it used to be.This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.只能用只能用which whi

19、ch 的情况的情况: :2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1) The machine ,which I have looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly.(2)She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(3)He saw a film, which was about the Long March.(4)My glasses,without which I was like a

20、blind man,fell to the ground and broke.1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)Remember:Which Remember:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。作宾语也不能省。介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词先行词为人先行词为人,关系代词用关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物先行词为物,关系代词用关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用句尾，引导词可用that 或或

21、who,而且可省去。而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why =介词介词+which1.This is the reason _ _he left his hometown. (=why)2.Ill never forget the day_ _ we stayed together. (=when)3.This is the girl _ _I learned the news.4.The person_ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 5.Ill show

22、you a store_ _you may buy all that you need.(=where)6.I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.(=that;)for whichon whichfrom whom to whomin whichin which基础巩固基础巩固 (Correct mistakes)1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? 2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago.3. There ar

23、e ten students are playing basketball on the playground.4. English is a subject I am interested.5.Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Smith?6.There is not a single person in the street whom I can turn for help.（多词）（多词）（错用引导词）（错用引导词） （漏引导词）（漏引导词）（漏介词）（漏介词）（主谓不一致）（主谓不一致

24、） 定语从句几种句型归纳：定语从句几种句型归纳：1.This is the most exciting football match that I have ever seen. 2.I dont like the way in which/that/不填不填 you laughed at others. 3.It is the third time that you have been late this week. It is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.4.The reason why/that he didnt attend

25、 the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill.5. The reason for his failure is that he didnt work hard.想一想想一想 理一理理一理学好定语从句最关键的是什么？学好定语从句最关键的是什么？定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要

26、学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用 不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句中担任状语。中担任状语。 2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所

27、起的作用。引引 导导 词词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语宾语或主语宾语或主语定语定语时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语在从在从句中句中作宾作宾语可语可省去省去 先行词为先行词为whothatwhomwhichwhose人人物物/人人人人物物某人某人/某物的某物的WhenWherewhy三三.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句要注意以下几点从句要注意以下几点：（举例说明）：（举例说明）

28、1.His mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly.3.Aqiao,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself.4.The family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music.说明说明：非限制性定语不能用非限制性定语不能用that 引导；引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省；作宾语用

29、的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。要用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句用法与区别用法与区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句“限限”是先行词不可缺少的是先行词不可缺少的定语定语.如果省去，主句意思如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确不完整或不明确；“非限非限”只是附加说明。只是附加说明。All the people were talking about the wonderful clothThe emperor had ordered to be wovenThey set up a state of their own,where

30、 they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.“限限”于主句之间不能用逗于主句之间不能用逗号隔开；号隔开；“非限非限”与主句之与主句之间要用逗号隔开。间要用逗号隔开。She is the nurse who looks after the children.The letter is from my sister,who is working in Beijing.“限限”可以用可以用that引导；引导；“非限非限”不能用不能用that引导引导That is the very tool that we are looking forI saw a

31、good film, which was about the Long March“限限”的关联词作宾语时可的关联词作宾语时可省；非限则不可省；非限则不可I will never forget the day （that ）we spent together thereHis dog,which he liked very much, died yesterday.“限限”一般只修饰先行词；一般只修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词，也可非限既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分一部分I have finished the novel that you lent

32、me yesterdayHe suddenly fell ill, which prevented him from going to school.难点解析：难点解析：关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词介词 + whomwhichThe woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army.2.介词介词 短语短语 + whichwhomThe fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词

33、不定代词 或数词或数词 +whichwhomThere are many books here , none of which belongs to me.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.4.名词名词+ of whichShe mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.=she joined the army on that day =and a well lies in front of it.=and none of them belong

34、s to me.=and one of them is Luxin=and I have forgotten the title of it 做做试试：做做试试：1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year.2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help.3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest

35、_ _is Taiwan.4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom你知道吗你知道吗? ?As As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.1.He is not such a man as only think of himse

36、lf. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the such,the samesame时

37、时, ,关系代词用关系代词用as. Asas. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。请讨论请讨论：as ,which as ,which 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 有什么不同吗？有什么不同吗？1.which的先行词可以是名词，的先行词可以是名词，as不可。不可。 (1) The meeting, which was held in the park,was a great success. (2) All the books , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.2.wh

38、ich和和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不引导的从句不 放句首。放句首。 (1)Crusos dog became ill and died ,which made him very lonely. (2)As we expected, Our football team lost the match again.3.as 引导的从句有引导的从句有(正如正如),(就象就象),(由由而知）等含义而知）等含义. (1)Taiwan is a part of China,as is known to us all. (2)She is very care

39、ful,as her work shows, (3)The lady is very learned,as is said in the book.定语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：定语从句和非谓语动词： (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China.-There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one

40、time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.-At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.分析基本规律：分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词从句是主动形式，用现在分词; ; 从句是被动形式，从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间

41、是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；是动宾关系，用过去分词； broadcastwaiting2.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.-I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease.2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _there is a pai

42、r of glasses3.The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its door to China on November 10,_ a 15-year wait.A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends分析：分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhomC3.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone _no one can lift it. This is such a big sto

43、ne _no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_he can easily find it. (3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it. 这句子正确吗？这句子正确吗？分析分析：（1 1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that that 是连是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而

44、定语从句中的asas在从句在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。thatasin whichwhere4.定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句 (1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what) (2) All that can be done has been done. (=what) (3) _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China. (4)

45、_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun. AsthatWhat7.定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句 (1) It is in this room _I lived last year. It is the room _I lived last year. (2) It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning. 分析：分析：强调句句型：强调句句

46、型：It is/was +It is/was +被强调的成份被强调的成份+that/who +that/who +其它其它部分去掉部分去掉 It is/wasIt is/was.that/who.that/who , ,句子照样成立。句子照样成立。(1) I lived in this (1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.而定而定语从句的引导词在句中要作

47、一成份。语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwherethatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.分析分析：tha

48、t that 引导引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容，导的句子是说明前一名词的内容， 在从句中不可省去，也不可在从句中不可省去，也不可用用which which 替代。替代。That/which That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/whichthatthat/which高考命题导向高考命题导向：1._is known to everyone, the m

49、oon travels round the round the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A.until B. As C.That D. What2.The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that far-away village.NMET2001) A.until B.which C. when D.where3.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_, of course

50、,made the others unhappy.(NMET2000) A.who B. which C. this D.what4.Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.(NMET99) A.it B.that C. when D.whichAsCBD5.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A. which B. w