被动语态（1）.ppt

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1、Passive voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。be + Vp.p(动词的过去分词）动词的过去分词）1)be 动词可以随时态人称的变化而动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化变化am/ is / are + V(过去分词）过去分词）was/ were+ V(过去分词）过去分词）will be

2、 + V(过去分词）过去分词）情态动词情态动词+ be + V (过去分词）过去分词）He plants trees in spring. 主谓宾(受动者)Treesare planted byhim改为被动语态in spring.主动语态变被动语态口诀主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键关键。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.His brother washes bowls ev

3、ery day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/

4、were +过去分词过去分词3Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词过去分词5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms a

5、re being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分词6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： S

6、+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在一般现在时时V(原形原形)/ V(e)sam/is/are +Vpp一般过去一般过去时时V-ed/ madewas/were +Vpp一般将来一般将来时时will +V(原形原形) will+ be +Vpp含情态动含情态动词词情态动词情态动词+ V(原形原形)情态动词情态动词+ be +Vpp各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时

7、：S+am/is /are +P.PS+was/were +P.P.S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.S+ will+be+ P.P.S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.S+ have/has + been+ P.P.S+ was/were+being+ P.P. 何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的二、

8、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。 三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含

9、有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of thei

10、r classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day

11、.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished使用被动语态注意点使用被动语态注意点 不

12、及物动词没有被动语态，但后面加上介词或副词后，不及物动词没有被动语态，但后面加上介词或副词后，就变成了及物的短语动词，就可以变为被动语态，不过就变成了及物的短语动词，就可以变为被动语态，不过要特别注意短语动词中的介词或副词绝对不能丢失。要特别注意短语动词中的介词或副词绝对不能丢失。 双宾结构，一般把表示人的间宾变为被动语态的主语。双宾结构，一般把表示人的间宾变为被动语态的主语。如果把表示物的直宾变为被动语态的主语时，要在宾语如果把表示物的直宾变为被动语态的主语时，要在宾语前加上前加上to或或for，是，是to还是还是for，要依据与它们搭配的动，要依据与它们搭配的动词来定。词来定。 在主动语态

13、中省略在主动语态中省略to的不定式，在改为被动语态后，应的不定式，在改为被动语态后，应加上不定式符号加上不定式符号to。 在在allow somebody to do中，表示人的名词或代词作被中，表示人的名词或代词作被动语态的主语时，动语态的主语时，allow后不能接后不能接-ing形式。形式。 若主动语态中的谓语动词是若主动语态中的谓语动词是know，变为被动语态时应，变为被动语态时应将其变为将其变为be known to。take care of / look after / take off / look at / send for / look up The old man shoul

14、d be taken good care of .1 含有短语动词的被动含有短语动词的被动 不及物动词带上介词或副词构成的短语不及物动词带上介词或副词构成的短语,相当于及物相当于及物动词动词, 后面可带宾语后面可带宾语二二 特殊结构特殊结构2 含双宾语的被动含双宾语的被动My father gave me a new book on my birthday . - I was given a new book (by my father).-A new book was given to me (by my father )3 带有复合宾语的动词的被动带有复合宾语的动词的被动We find E

15、nglish very well .- English is found very well .I often heard him sing in his room .- He was often heard to sing in his room . 三三 主动表示被动情况主动表示被动情况1 某些某些VI 动词表被动含义如动词表被动含义如 carry out / lock open / read /teach / wash / write 用来说明主用来说明主语性质特征语性质特征,常与常与 not / hardly / well /easily / badly /nicely 等连用等连用M

16、eat cuts easily .The car drove easily .His novel sells well 2 某些感观动词表被动含义如某些感观动词表被动含义如 feel / look / taste / smell / sound This shirt feels much softer than that one.This orange tastes nice . 3 某些动词表被动含义如某些动词表被动含义如 weigh / measure / cost / last / break out / take place /happen The meeting lasted two

17、 hours .4 某些动词如某些动词如bind / cook / do / owe / print 的进的进行时表被动含义行时表被动含义The meat is cooking .5 get / come / go + P.P 表示被动含义表示被动含义 用来强用来强调动作结果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件调动作结果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件. come / go 常与否定连用常与否定连用They got delayed because of the holiday traffic .The womans complaints went unnoticed.6 在在 need / want / requ

18、ire / deserve + doing 句句型中型中,动名词表示被动动名词表示被动.The garden needs watering = The garden needs to be watered .7 有些动词的不定式有些动词的不定式( let / rent 用主动表被动用主动表被动The house is to let .8 一些介词短语用作定语或表语时表被动一些介词短语用作定语或表语时表被动Apples are on sale .9 一些表示主语性质特征的表语形容词如一些表示主语性质特征的表语形容词如easy / difficult / hard /easy ,所跟的不定式用主动

19、表被所跟的不定式用主动表被动动, 不定式与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系不定式与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系.The question is easy to answer .=Its easy to answer the question10不定式作定语时不定式作定语时 , 其逻辑主语是句子的主语其逻辑主语是句子的主语 / 间接宾语或说话人时间接宾语或说话人时 ,用不定式主动表被动用不定式主动表被动.She has an old grandfather to look after .Please give the child a picture book to read .Have you any homework to do this evening ?