虚拟语气课件（修改版).ppt

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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。殊形式来表示。用在有用在有意志词意志词的宾语从句主语从句，同位语从句的宾语从句主语从句，同位语从句用在用在If条件句中条件句中用在主语从句用在主语从句 ( should)+动词原形动词原形用在用在Its time后定语从句中后定语从句中用在用在 wish/if only引导的句中引导的句中用在用在would rather 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句

2、中用在用在may+动词原形动词原形表表“祝愿祝愿”。用在用在as if (as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中引导的表语从句或状语从句中用用情态动词情态动词have done表对过去的虚拟表对过去的虚拟Work in groups of four to get the usages of them一、用在表意志的动词：一、用在表意志的动词： 一一.坚持坚持 . 二二.命令命令 . 三三.建议建议 . 四四.要求要求 . +推荐推荐 . 后的宾语从句或含这些词（包括其分词名词形式）后的宾语从句或含这些词（包括其分词名词形式） 的各类名词性从句中的各类名词性从句中,用虚拟语气。用虚拟语气

3、。 即即:(should) do/be done We suggested that we meeting.insist order/commandsuggest/advise/proposeask/require/request/demandrecommend ( should ) have另：另：.suggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”解时，宾语从句解时，宾语从句 不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气. e.g. His attitude suggested that he was angry. insist “力言力言”、“坚持（认为）坚持（认为）”解时，宾解时，宾 语从句语从句不用不用虚拟语气

4、。虚拟语气。 eg. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.二、用在条件句中二、用在条件句中IfIf 条件状语从句条件状语从句if 主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反did/werewould/should/could/might+动原动原与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 had done would /should could/might +have +done与将来事实相反与将来事实相反A: did B:were to+动原动原 C:should+动原动原would/should could/might +动原动原 注意 1：当条件状

5、语从句表示的行为和主当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称时，被称为为“错综时间条件句错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了 注意2：if省略省略 if引导的条件句中可省略引导的条件句中可省略if，把，把were，had，should提到句首提到句首，变为倒装句式

6、。，变为倒装句式。If I were at school again，I would study harder. I at school again，I would study harder. it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.Were如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习Shouldbut for ,without ,otherwise等形式的含蓄的虚拟语气。等形式的含蓄的虚拟语气。 1.Without air ,there _（有）（有）no living things. 2. But for th

7、e rain we _(有有)a pleasant journey today. 3. He is not a careful driver; otherwise he (不会撞不会撞) _the tree yesterday.would be should havewouldnt have hit注意注意3.含蓄的虚拟语气含蓄的虚拟语气三、用在主语从句三、用在主语从句 ( should)+动词原形动词原形结构：结构： It is +(important /necessary/natural/strange) +that从句从句 It is (suggested /decided/ordere

8、d/demanded/ required) + that从句从句四、用在定语从句中四、用在定语从句中 It is (high/about) time (that)句型中，定语从句句型中，定语从句的谓词用的谓词用过去式过去式did/were, 或或“should+动原，且动原，且should不能省略不能省略” 来表示，意为来表示，意为“（现在）该（现在）该”。 ： It is (high) time we left . It is high time we should go.六、用在六、用在 wish/if only(要是要是就好了就好了)引导的句中引导的句中 if only + wish1.

9、did（表现在的假设）（表现在的假设）2.had done （表过去的假设）（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）动词原形（表将来的假设） If only I were a bird!=How I wish I were a bird. 我如果是一只鸟就好了！我如果是一只鸟就好了！ If only I had taken his advice=I wish I had taken his advice. 我要是听他的话就好了！我要是听他的话就好了！六、用在六、用在would rather 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中 谓语动词用谓语动词用1.did（表现在（表现在/将来的

10、假设）将来的假设） 2.had done （表过去的假设）（表过去的假设） I would rather we stopped now . He would rather his mother didnt come next time. I would rather she had not done that yesterday.七用在七用在may+动词原形动词原形表表“祝愿祝愿”。may放在句首。放在句首。例：例： May you be happy ! May you succeed ! 谓语动词用谓语动词用八、用在八、用在as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中引导的表语

11、从句或状语从句中 1.过去式过去式（表现在的假设）（表现在的假设）2.had done （表过去的假设）（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形动词原形（表将来的假设）（表将来的假设）1. He looks as if he were an artist.2. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England before .3.The teacher raised her hand as if she would beat the boy ,but then smiled. Note: 如果从句内容接近

12、现实如果从句内容接近现实,则用陈述语气则用陈述语气.The football player rolled on the ground as if he was hurt seriously.九九.情态动词情态动词+have done表示对过去事实的虚拟表示对过去事实的虚拟.should /ought to have done 本应该本应该做做(却没有做却没有做)shouldnt /oughtnt to have done本不应本不应该做该做(却做了却做了)could have done 本能做本能做(却没做到却没做到)might have done 或许可以做或许可以做(却没做到却没做到)neednt have done本不必做本不必做(却做了却做了)