完型填空专题.ppt

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1、完型填空完型填空 之能力训练目标之能力训练目标：1) 词语辨析能力词语辨析能力2) 语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力3) 语篇理解能力语篇理解能力4) 逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力5) 文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力6) 作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力7) 生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力1. 1.题材常为记叙文或题材常为记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章. .2.2.内容完整内容完整, ,逻辑性强逻辑性强, ,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨. .3.3.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析. .4.4.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词: :名名/ /代代/ /动词动词/

2、/形容形容/ /副副词等词等. .5.5.关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识, ,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联, ,暗示暗示判断能力判断能力. .6.6.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章, ,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑. .完型填空特点完型填空特点: :完形填空总体要求完形填空总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知借助语篇的上下文线索以及

3、文化背景知识等识等进行解题。进行解题。解题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读三步答题三步答题Step1Skip(跳读跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to know the t

4、opic of the whole passage. .( (完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案的方法选择最佳答案)Four methods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨

5、析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和原词复现、近义词和反义词等反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查） Tips:1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate

6、 (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理文的衔接是否合理)完形填空之完形填空之 九大解

7、题技巧九大解题技巧 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ” 36.A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful2. 根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37 .

8、He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praisePractice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt

9、or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：递进关系：besides, whats more, furthermore;转折关系：转折关系：but, while, however等。等。3. 利用语篇的标志性的词语解题利用语篇的

10、标志性的词语解题She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) _1_vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important_and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms h

11、ad a very strange_37_quite pleasant taste. 37. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 4. 根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题 Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almostalways fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a few short months. 50. A. worki

12、ng B. living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discoverPracticeThe amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 5. 根据

13、常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he sho

14、uldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题8.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题How does a tooth go bad

15、? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (珐琅）珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt上文中

16、讲蛀牙如何产生。上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空空51和红体单词在和红体单词在意义上是一致的，意义上是一致的， 属于属于同义词复现现象同义词复现现象。.I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _38_ smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already9.利用语气副词的情景解题

17、利用语气副词的情景解题完形填空之完形填空之 实战训练实战训练 Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terrible_2_. The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely, witheveryone on _3_. Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but the

18、y didnthelp the other people. Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else? 1. A. leftB. got C. droveD. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreamsD. words 3. A. boardB. ship C. seaD. deck 4. A. lifeB. death C. illnessD. disease 5. A. similarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunatelyleftboardde

19、athdifferentlydreams Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany. In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8_. He ranoff as fast as he could, butthey followed. He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim, one to the right

20、andthe other to the left. Whichroad ought he to _11_ ? 6. A. aloneB. once C. stillD. even 7. A. whileB. as C. beforeD. when 8. A. floorB. earth C. soilD. ground 9. A. whichB. that C. whereD. who10. A. sameB. separate C. dividedD. crossed11. A. takeB. bring C. carryD. go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwh

21、enoncetake He heard the two men_12_ him, getting nearerand at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. Ittold him to go to the _13_ ,and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a smallhotel. He was _14_here kindly and given a room, and so he was _15_from the two men. Thatwas the dream. 12. A. next t

22、o B. in front of C. besideD. behind13. A. houseB. hotel C. leftD. right14. A. accepted B. received C. refusedD. closed15. A. killed B. murdered C. savedD. robbedbehindright下文有暗示receivedsaved16. A. exactly B. really C. sincerely D. actually17. A. happened B. performed C. actedD. chose18. A. forgot B.

23、 remembered C. missed D. noticed19. A. arrivedB. left C. reachedD. got20. A. agoB. before C. laterD. after Twenty years later he was_16_ in the Black Forestand as it _17_ in thedream long before, two menran out and tried to throw himdown. He ran off, and came toa place with two roads as in the dream

24、.He_18_ thedream and took the road to the right. He soon _19_asmall hotel, was taken in, andso was safe. His dream oftwenty years _20_ had Saved his life.reallyhappenedrememberedreachedbefore第11题答案第13题答案2012010 0年全国各地完形填空词性分布年全国各地完形填空词性分布序序号号试卷名试卷名称称动动词词名名词词形容词形容词 副词副词介词介词连连词词代代词词1全国卷全国卷I66314002全国卷

25、全国卷II71630123北京北京64431014天津天津74431015重庆重庆111411116辽宁辽宁75221307浙江浙江66421108湖北湖北94411109湖南湖南8442110汇汇 总总673535181185高考英语完形填空考查热点高考英语完形填空考查热点热点热点1 语篇理解语篇理解热点热点2 逻辑推理，归纳概括逻辑推理，归纳概括热点热点3 情景运用，常识应用情景运用，常识应用热点热点4 上下文联系上下文联系热点热点5 词语辨析词语辨析完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧1）根据根据上下文语境上下文语境解题解题5）根据根据生活常识及文化背景生活常识及文化背景解题解题4）根据

26、词语固定搭配及根据词语固定搭配及辨辨析解题析解题2 2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题根据根据解题解题1 1）上下文语境）上下文语境把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全

27、局，则不一定正确。因此，快速若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。例例1： I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a ste

28、p and fell, sending my new suitcase rolling down the stairs. （01全国）全国）1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired 2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked 例例2: But Ella Fant, who was filled with 1 , shouted at the top of her voice, Look at 2 Theyre all out of step except my John步调不一致步调不一致 Isnt he the

29、 best（04天津）天津）1. A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret2. A. them B. her C. that D. him 2 2）句际间的逻辑推理关系）句际间的逻辑推理关系完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系的理解，如转折

30、关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。对比关系等。 例例1： It has been many years since I was last in London, _ I still remember something that happened during that visit.w A. and B. for C. but D. as例例2： A transistor radio半导体收音机半导体收音机 is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry 48 , rad

31、io broadcasts are better for blind people.48. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes例例3 and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 38 quite pleasant taste.38. A. besides B. but C. and D. or例例4： 53 3)3)词汇的复现词汇的复现“词汇的复现词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义是指某一词以原词、同义词或

32、近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现注释性复现。例例1： The strange thing was that practically all the students went to cl

33、ass, and very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or _ class. (NMET2000春） A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied文章中文章中or连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应与上文应与上文went to class 构成相反的意义，该题属于构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。反义词复现现象。4)词语固定搭配及词语固定搭配及辨辨析析 完形填空题中完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现对词汇知识的考

34、查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。量、较强的词语搭配能力。例例1：I realized strength and courage are

35、nt always 1 in medals and victories, but in the 2 we overcome.克服克服 (2004 天津天津 ) 1. A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased 2. A. sadness B. struggles奋斗奋斗 C. diseases D. tiredness 例例2: The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant having a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it s

36、uddenly 1 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasnt long 2 the whole room was filled with smoke.1. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed2. A. ago B. after C. before D. now5)5)生活常识及文化背景知识生活常识及文化背景知识完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。考生做

37、题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。例例1： ,she was always waiting at the

38、 bus stop around 8:00. On 39 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.39. A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy 例例2： Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest例例3：. One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 5

39、4 with a friend and close relatives. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards someone we are fond of than towards 56 . ( 2002 上海卷）上海卷）54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。气，但却不在陌生人身上。 加上加上morethan的句的句型，则可以判断出答案了型，则可以判断出答案了。 3) 3) 根据词汇的复现解题根据词汇的复现解题