英语构词法汇报课件.ppt

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1、高中英语构词法 Wherethereisawill,there isaway. 有志者，事竟成有志者，事竟成 。 ThomasEdisonWord Formation构词法合成法合成法派生法派生法缩略法缩略法 概念：概念：合成法指由两个或两个以上的单词合成新词。.合成法 (Compounding)1. 合成名词 (Noun compounds) n. + n. = n. spaceship classroom girlfriend mooncake postman chairman hip-hop 街舞 adj. + n. = n. blackboard whiteboard greenhou

2、se superstar v-ing + n. = n. running-water dining-room drinking-water reading-room n. + v-ing = n. handwriting horse-riding2. 合成形容词 (Adjective compounds) warm-hearted cold-blooded part-time broad- minded man-made handmade good-looking3. 合成介词 (Preposition compounds) outside inside within without4. 合成

3、副词 (Adverb compounds) sometimes overhead downstairs nearby5. 合成动词 (Verb compounds) underline moonwalk overwork overhear overcome chain-smoke nickname mass-produce6. 合成代词 (Pronoun compounds)-one-body-thingsome-someonesomebodysomethingany-anyoneanybodyanythingevery-everyoneeverybodyeverythingno-noneno

4、bodynothing. 派生法 (Affixation) 概念：概念：派生法又叫词缀法，是给一个单词加上前缀或后缀而构成新的单词。 1. 前缀法 （Prefixation） 一般来说前缀不会改变一个词的词性。一般来说前缀不会改变一个词的词性。 否定前缀 un + adj. unhappy unknown unusual untrue unimportant unable unkind un + adv. unusually unexpectedly unhappily undoubtedly un + v. uncover untie unlock im + adj. impossible

5、impolite impatient in + adj. incorrect incomplete invisible ir + adj. irregular irreplaceable mis + v. mistake misunderstand dis + v. dislike disagree disappear dis + adj. dishonest discouraged 泄气的 表示空间位置关系的前缀 a- 表示在之上；处于的状态 ahead 在头顶上 abroad aside 在外边fore- 在前面forehead forearmin-, il-, im, 向内，在内insi

6、de include importout- 向外outside outdoors outlook观点，见解over- 在上面的，在外的overhead overcoat overcomepre- 在之前prewar prepay under- 在之下 underground underline up- 向上 upward upstairs tele- 远 telephone television(3) 表示时间序列关系的前缀 fore- 在前，预先 foreword foretell foresightmid- 中间midnight midautumn midsummerpost- 在之后po

7、stwar postliberation re- 重复retell rebuild replace rewriteover- 超过overeat overpass super- 极，超supermarket superman superstar(4) 一些表示特殊意义的前缀 auto- 自动 automobile auto bicycle micro- 微小 microscope microcomputer bi- 数量 biweekly bimonthly mini- 小型 minibus miniskirt minimarket en- 使 enrich enlarge enable2.

8、后缀 (Suffixation) 概念：在词的词尾加上一个词缀构成新的概念：在词的词尾加上一个词缀构成新的单词。单词。后缀往往会改变一个词的词性。后缀往往会改变一个词的词性。 表示 “的人” 的后缀 -er 的人 v. + er reader worker reporter leader waiter designer painter n. + er villager prisoner farmer adj. + er westerner easterner southerner northerner -or 的人 actor governor visitor -ress 表示女性，雌性 ac

9、tress waitress -ese 人 Chinese Japanese -an 人 American Australian Canadian -ist 家，者 artist novelist violinist pianist (2)构成抽象名词集合名词的后缀 v. + ment movement government judgment v. + ion / sion / tion / ation action pronunciation invitation decision vision intention n. + ship friendship membership relati

10、onship leadership adj. + ness kindness illness happiness 形容词的后缀 -able/ible enjoyable horrible terrible -al natural international -ful careful hopeful helpful useful successful -less careless hopeless useless homeless -ly friendly monthly lonely -y cloudy lucky hilly healthy noisy -ous / ious dangero

11、us serious -ed excited shocked frightened interested -ing surprising exciting interesting shocking 副词的后缀 -ly suddenly quickly slowly certainly nearly successfully -ward/wards backwards forwards downwards upwards northward southward eastward westward 动词的后缀 adj./n. + en deepen darken sharpen 数词的后缀 -te

12、en thirteen fifteen nineteen fourteen -ty twenty thirty fifty ninety -th eleventh twelfth fourth eighth ninth hundredth thousandth 概念：缩略法缩短原有词汇使读音和写概念：缩略法缩短原有词汇使读音和写法呈现新的形式。法呈现新的形式。 1. 剪切法 (Clipping) 剪切词头剪切词头 (Front clipping) airplane telephone taxicab 剪切词尾剪切词尾 (Back clipping) examination photograph

13、. 缩略法 (Acronymy)planephonecabexamphoto advertisement 2. 混成法 (Blending) breakfast + lunch = brunch 早晨和中午之间的饭 smoke + fog = smog 烟雾 work + welfare = workfare 工作福利 medical + care = medicare 医疗保险 3. 首字母缩略 （Initialisms） BBC UNadBritish Broadcasting CorporationUnited Nations 4. 首字母缩写词 （Acronyms） 此种缩略法形成的词读成一个单词 AIDS 获得性免疫系统缺陷综合症（艾滋病） VIP UFO ICBC CCBVery Important PersonUnidentified Flying ObjectIndustrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaChina Construction BankAcquired Immune DeficiencySyndromeTHE ENDTHE END SARS 严重的急性呼吸道综合症Severe Acute RespiratorySyndrome