Module2unit1grammar现在完成时与现在完成进行时.ppt

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1、 现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Grammar Present perfect tensePresent perfect continuous tensePresent perfect tense We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb. 现在完成时的构成have/

2、has + done (过去分词过去分词)现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法1.现在完成时表示的动作在说话之前已完成，现在完成时表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。 We have bought a new computer. 含义是现在已经有电脑了。含义是现在已经有电脑了。 He has given up drinking. 含义是他现在已经不喝酒了含义是他现在已经不喝酒了。 He has gone to Beijing. 她已经到北京去了。她已经到北京去了。 含义是：她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到含义是：她已前往北京，或在途

3、中，或已到过现在人不在这里。过现在人不在这里。 He has been to Beijing. 她曾到过北京。她曾到过北京。 含义是：她去过北京。表示一种经历，说话时含义是：她去过北京。表示一种经历，说话时她还在这里。她还在这里。havehas gone tohave/has been to2.现在完成时可以表示过去发生而持续到现现在完成时可以表示过去发生而持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。这一用法通常都要与态。这一用法通常都要与for, since等等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。She has lived he

4、re for more than ten years.她已在此住了她已在此住了10多年了。多年了。含义是她可能现在已不住在这里，也有可能再住下去。含义是她可能现在已不住在这里，也有可能再住下去。She has studied English since 1998. 她从她从2004年起就开始学习英语。年起就开始学习英语。forfor后接的是时间段后接的是时间段sincesince后接时间点，而且后面后接时间点，而且后面跟的是过去时间。跟的是过去时间。 现在完成时现在完成时不能和明确的时间状语不能和明确的时间状语（last week, just now, in 1949, yesterday等）

5、等）连用连用，但可以，但可以和不明确的时间状语（如：和不明确的时间状语（如：already/yet, recently/lately, ever/never, just, twice/three times 等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：时间状语（如：this morning, today, now, this week/month，so far 等）连用。等）连用。It has been cold this winter. 今年冬天一直很冷。（说话时还是冬天。）今年冬天一直很冷。（说话时还是冬天。） 在过去几年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变

6、化。在过去几年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。 There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years. There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years.析析 In / During the past / last + 复数名词复数名词是是完成时态的标志之一。完成时态的标志之一。 误误 正正 1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for sever

7、al weeks. It came here a few weeks ago.It has been here for a few weeks.She joined the Party several weeks ago.She has been a Party member for several weeks.一定要注意，像一定要注意，像come, join, marry, leave, come, join, marry, leave, die, arrive, begin, stopdie, arrive, begin, stop等这样的瞬间动词，等这样的瞬间动词，它们所表示的动作是在一

8、刹那间或很短的一段时它们所表示的动作是在一刹那间或很短的一段时间内完成的；因此，间内完成的；因此，瞬间动词的现在完成时的瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 他父亲离开祖国已经他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。年了。析析 瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式不能与表示瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式不能与表示一段一段时间的状语时间的状语连用连用。His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years.His father left his homeland fifty years ago.His f

9、ather has left his homeland for fifty years. I have received his letter for almost a month.注意：注意：瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用；可与表示时间段的时间状语连用； 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示延瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。是可以持续的。I havent received his letter for almost a month. 1）It/This is t

10、he first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。这是我第一次访问这城市。 这是我第一次听他唱歌。这是我第一次听他唱歌。 This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing. 注意：注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型典型例题典型例题（1）

11、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming B BThis is the first time 后面所加从句应为后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选现在完成时，故选B。-Have you _ been to our town before?-No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have

12、comeD Deverever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为nevernever，此两词常用于完成时。此两词常用于完成时。 Look at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。作对现在所产生的结果、影响。 一般过去时通常表

13、示在过去某一具体时间发一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。生的动作，与现在没什么联系。I have lost my pen.I lost my pen yesterday. 1 We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago.2 Eric left home last year and has just come back.3 Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeare

14、d last Friday.4 They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.5 My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.Practice The tape recorder _ (be) out of order last week.We _ (have) it repaired the day Before yesterday.It _ (be) in g

15、ood condition ever since.We _ (know) each other since we_ (be) boys.washadhas beenhave knownwereExercise:Page 8 My friend Jack has just sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world. He has just been (just be) to Qomolangma Base Camp and _ (see) a Yeti there. He is still very exci

16、ted about it. He _ (visit) the Great Pyramid in Egypt too. He says that he _(love) Egypt but he _(not visit) all the pyramids yet. sawhas visitedloveshasnt visited He _ (swim) in Loch Ness, but luckily he _ (never meet) the Loch Ness Monster! He _ (dive) in the Indian Ocean many times looking for tr

17、easure. Although he _ (find)many sunken ships, he _ (not find) any treasure. _ he _ (be)to the Great Wall before? Im not surebut I have.has swumhas never methas divedhas foundhasnt foundHasbeenThe present continuous tense现在完成进行时构成现在完成进行时构成have/has + been + 现在分词现在分词现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时表示在过去某一时

18、刻开始一直现在完成进行时表示在过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，这一动作很可能还要延续持续到现在的动作，这一动作很可能还要延续下去。下去。She has been talking to me since she saw me.瞬间动词（如：瞬间动词（如：finish, marry, get up, finish, marry, get up, come, gocome, go等）不能用现在完成进行时。等）不能用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时常和all this morning, these few days, all night, this month, recently 等状语以及sin

19、ce和for 所引导的状语短语或从句连用。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的主要区别 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时着重表示动作的着重表示动作的延续性延续性，而，而 现在完成时现在完成时着重表示动作的着重表示动作的结果结果。She has read this book.She has been reading this book.I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for 3 years. 现在完成时现在完成时可表示可表示反复发生的反复发生的动作，提问动作，提问时用时用how many times。 而而现在完成进行时

20、现在完成进行时则表示则表示持续的、不间断持续的、不间断的的动作，提问时用动作，提问时用how long。 I have visited Egypt twice this month. How many times have you visited Egypt? I have been visiting Egypt for two months. How long have you visited Egypt? have been observing have been talking have been taking have been watching have seen have been

21、 writing- I am sorry I _ (keep) you waiting so long.- it is all right. I _ (read) the newspapers.CCTV _ (broadcast) English programmes ever sine 1977.have kepthave been readinghas been broadcasting practice practiceEnglish weekly 15 第三版 Translation 习案习案: Grammar and usage: Grammar and usage单项选择和句子翻译

22、单项选择和句子翻译请用现在完成时或现在完成进行时填空。1. Since she is out of job, lucy _ (consider) going back to school, but she _ (decide) yet.2. He _ (learn) a great deal since he joined in the company.3. -_ you _ (see) my dictionary? -Yes, I put it in your desk just now.4. This is the third time that I _(visit) hong kong.

23、5. sorry, I late. I was caught in the traffic jam. thats all right. I _ (not wait) long.1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too lo

24、ng; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written4. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just be

25、en made D. is just made5. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done7. Now that you _ , what are you

26、going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returning C. have been returned D. have returned8. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere. I _ it right here

27、just now. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation. A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked11. I started my teaching career at the sc

28、hool. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been12. We _ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having13. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been

29、 rained14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D. had been turned out15. Dont put the waste on the ground. Oh, Im very sorry. I _ the dustbin there. A. dont see B. isnt seeing C. didnt see D. havent seen16. Good heavens! There you are! We

30、_ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. will be; are expecting D. have been; were expecting 1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for several weeks. 1. It came here a few weeks ago.或It has been here for

31、 a few weeks. 2. She joined the Party several weeks ago. 或She has been a Party member for several weeks. 大家一定要注意，像come, marry, join, arrive, leave, begin, die, stop等这样的瞬间动词，它们所表示的动作是在一刹那间或很短的一段时间内完成的；因此，它们的完成时怎么能够和表示一段时间的状语连用呢？ Practice -_ you _ my pen? (see)-Yes, I _ it on your desk just now.Have s

32、eensaw2 2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。作。She has been an English teacher for 5 years.She was an English teacher for 5 years.她当了五年英语老师了。她当了五年英语老师了。她当过五年英语老师。她当过五年英语老师。表示短暂时间动作的词如：come, go, die, marry, buy, leave, join 等的完成时不能与for, since等词连用。 The disappe

33、arance of Justin (make)Kelly very unhappy. has madeWe use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present. I (not see)Justin since last Friday nighthave not seenWe also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that starte

34、d in the past, and is still happening now. We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as: already yet just for since ever never lately recentlyWe use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative stateme

35、nts.The boy has already come here.I havent heard anything from him yet. We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time. We havent seen him for two years. We havent seen him since 2002 We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. The pol

36、ice have just finished searching the area.We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions. Some villagers say that they have been UFOS many times .Present perfect continuous tense We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still

37、continuing.I have not been sleeping well since I returned homeI returned homeI am still not sleeping well.Not being able to sleep wellPast presentWe also use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that have just finished but are still connected to the presentin some way . Kelly :

38、sorry , Im late . Have you been waiting long ?Mavis :Yes. Ive been waiting for an hour. Past Kelly arrives.Mavis started waiting for Kelly presentOne hour agoWe form the present perfect continuous tense with have /has been and the present participle of the verb.Present perfect or present perfect con

39、tinuous?We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past , and the present perfect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening. Li Jia has read a book about stonehenge.(She finished reading the book.)Li Jia has been reading a bo

40、ok about stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.) 2.We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions. I _Egypt twice this month. I _ Egypt for two months. has visited has been touring 2.We usually use the present perfect ten

41、se to ask questions beginning with how many / much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long .How many times have you swum in the lake? How long have you been swimming in the lake ? 3.We can use either a state verb or an action verb with the present perfect t

42、ense but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense.1)I have had this camera for five years.2)I have action photos of UFOs with this camera.3)I have been writing photos of UFOs with this camera.state verbaction verbaction verb 5.We use the present perfect tense,

43、 not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like never, yet, already and ever. Ive never visited Paris. Ive already been to Paris.Choose the right words_1. Where do you think the boy has been waiting?2. What have the aliens been travelling in? What does it look like?3. Who else have th

44、e aliens talked to?4. What other planets have the aliens visited? Sample answers B 1 He has been waiting at an underground station. 2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer. 3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4 They

45、 have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.Key sentences: Police in American have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy People have shown great interest in his disappearance I havent seen Justin since. Some people in Dover also say that they have seen aliens. Police have

46、not ruled out the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, but who has taken charge of the case.have/has(not)+past participleEx:A:Have you_ been to New York?B: No, I havent been to New York_.I have gone to Beijing_ . But I will go to New York this summer.A:Im sure youll like it.Hey, do you know

47、that my family have owned a plane_1920.B:I dont believe your family have had a plane_ over 80 years.A:In fact, you have seen it in the sitting room_.B:Yes,I have_ noticed it.But I have seen it many times.Its only a model.everrecently/latelysinceforalreadyyetjustonce/twice/three times/ yet, ever, rec

48、ently/lately, since, for, already, justfor or since?We havent seen him for two years.We havent seen him since 2003. since+a point in time for + a period of timeI havent heard from Tom _ 2000.We have known each other _5 years.sinceforFocus TwoPresent perfect tense & Simple past tenseJim moved to Nanj

49、ing four years ago.Jim has lived in Nanjing for four years.pastpresentBlank filling:UFOs or Unidentified Flying Objects are objects or phenomena in the sky that cannot be well explained. For thousands of years, people_ (see) things they _ (not understand) in the sky. A businessman named Washington _

50、 (ever see) nine shiny, round objects flying through the air. He_(tell) a newspaper reporter they_(look) like “pie plates skipping over water”. The reporter therefore _ (use) the words “flying saucer” in his story since then and today thats another popular name for UFOs. have seendidnt understandhas