初中英语语法复习-名词.ppt

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1、Topic: noun1. 表示东西、事物的。表示东西、事物的。 如如book、computer、tree、chopsticks(筷子筷子)2. 表示一类人的。如表示一类人的。如 boy 、girl、woman、man、teacher、father3. 表示抽象概念，如人的情感、品质、精神的。如表示抽象概念，如人的情感、品质、精神的。如 happiness 、trouble、pleasure（愉快、快乐）、（愉快、快乐）、industry（勤劳）（勤劳）普通名词普通名词：指表示一类人指表示一类人、东西东西、抽象概念的名词抽象概念的名词专有名词：专有名词：指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称1

2、. 表示人：表示人：Jim 吉姆吉姆 Mr. Smith 史密斯先生史密斯先生 2. 地名地名China 中国中国 3. 日期：日期：July 七月七月 Friday 星期五星期五 4. 江河湖海：江河湖海：the Yellow River 黄河黄河5. 节日：节日：Christmas 圣诞节圣诞节 6. 语言：语言：English 英语英语 7. 书名：书名：A Tale of Two Cities 双城记双城记8. 组织名称：组织名称：WTO 世界贸易组织世界贸易组织可数名词的复数变化可数名词的复数变化：规则规则例词例词一般情况在词尾加一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-sea

3、s, girl-girls, day-days以以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes以以-f或或-fe结尾的词，去结尾的词，去f/fe+vesleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives，life-lives，scarf-scarves以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变结尾的名词，变y为为i加加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-

4、cities以元音字母加以元音字母加y结尾的名词，加结尾的名词，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, 但但 roof-roofs(屋顶屋顶)，chief-chiefs(首领首领) belief-beliefs(信仰，信念信仰，信念) 除外除外以辅音字母以辅音字母加加-o结尾的结尾的名词名词有生命有生命-eshero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes无生命无生命-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos以元音字母加以

5、元音字母加-o结尾的名词加结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos以以-th结尾的名词加结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths不规则变化不规则变化1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer（鹿）,fish3只有复数形式trousers,thanks,goods,glasses，gloves（手套）4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,p

6、olice5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),7表示“某国人”an/ian结尾的词加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen

7、,Frenchwomen8遇到man、woman时，将两部分变为复数womensingers,menworkers注意：注意：German是是Germans!国籍国籍总称（谓语用复数）总称（谓语用复数）单数单数复数复数中国人中国人the Chinesethe Chinesea Chinesea Chinese two Chinesetwo Chinese澳大利亚人澳大利亚人the Australiansthe Australians an Australianan Australiantwo Australianstwo Australians俄国人俄国人the Russiansthe Rus

8、siansa Russiana Russiantwo Russianstwo Russians意大利人意大利人the Italiansthe Italiansan Italianan Italiantwo Italianstwo Italians希腊人希腊人the Greekthe Greeka Greeka Greektwo Greekstwo Greeks法国人法国人the Frenchthe Frencha Frenchmana Frenchmantwo Frenchmentwo Frenchmen日本人日本人the Japanesethe Japanesea Japanesea Jap

9、anesetwo Japanesetwo Japanese美国人美国人the Americansthe Americansan Americanan Americantwo Americanstwo Americans印度人印度人the Indiansthe Indiansan Indianan Indiantwo Indianstwo Indians加拿大人加拿大人the Canadiansthe Canadiansa Canadiana Canadiantwo Canadianstwo Canadians德国人德国人the Germansthe Germansa Germansa Germ

10、anstwo Germanstwo Germans英国人英国人the Englishthe Englishan Englishmanan Englishmantwo Englishmentwo Englishmen根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please giv

11、e them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthsThe Browns is going to visit China. ( )The Browns are going to visit China. ( )The young is dancing there. ( )The young are dancing there. ( )Physics are very diffic

12、ult to learn. ( )Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ) a bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可数名词不可数名

13、词最常见的不可数名词有：1.液体类，肉类2.其他：advice,baggage,change(零钱),hairfurniture,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic等名词所有格名词所有格1. Beijing is the capital of China. =Beijing is Chinas capital.的的2 . These are Toms and Lilys bags.3 . She is the two boys mother.4 . He is a friend of my bro

14、thers.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，或复数名词词尾加s二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。考点：1. s,of,s2. AandBs,AsandBs1. Would you like some ? (tomato)2. Look at those in the boats! (people)3. Look! Theare singing. (woman)4. September 10th is Day. (teacher)5. Jim has some_. (knife)6. How

15、 much are these_? (vegetable)7. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute)8. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) LucysminutesvegetablestomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesExercises:8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)

16、11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these_? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute)15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) LucysminutesvegetablestomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknives1. 主语：主语：The Great Wall stands for the old ch

17、ina. 2. 表语：表语：Li Wei and Maria are students .3. 宾语：宾语：Look ! They are playing basketball.4. 定语：定语：A banana tree is in front of our teaching building.5. 同位语：同位语：We the students are helping the old lady.6. 状语：状语：They had supper at that hotel.名词在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、名词在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语等等同位语、状语等等 1

18、.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk. Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for furth

19、er in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes CCAAB( ) 1. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glas

20、ses D. glass ( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _ 800-metre race yesterday. Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys . ( ) 4. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 5. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D.

21、sheep;foxsDDBAC选择填空：选择填空：( ) 6. This is not my cap, but my _. A. brothersB. brothersC. brothers D. brother ( )7.They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 8. _are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, us

22、ing D. Knives, used ( ) 9. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes( ) 10.Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms BBDAA小结小结:1、名词的数的变化，以及不可数名词作主语时的谓语。2、名词所有格的运用，双重所有格。3、名词的句法功能。4、名词的词型的变化。