阅读理解中如何做推断题.ppt

《阅读理解中如何做推断题.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《阅读理解中如何做推断题.ppt（37页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、There are three men on a train. Mr A speaks English and Chinese. Mr B speaksFrench and English. Mr C can only talk with Mr A. What language does Mr C speak? Chinese. inference How to make logical inference?20102011201220132014细节理解细节理解117101110主旨大意主旨大意34332推理判断推理判断910657观点态度观点态度10111词义猜测词义猜测10101type

2、s of inferenceInference based on certain details or factsInference based on logical relationship of the contextInference based on the authors opinions or attitudes1. We can infer( (推断推断) )from the passage that _ .2.The story suggests( (暗示暗示) )that _ .3.We can conclude( (得出结论得出结论) )from the passage t

3、hat _ .4.Which of the following might happen later ?5.From the passage we can tell / learn _ .6.The writer of the passage considers it _ .7. Which of the following indicates / implies_?Question forms:Key point:意思要靠推断得出意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬而不是从原文照搬 Type A Inference based on certain details or factsInfere

4、nce based on certain details or facts1)Inference about data Family Railcard This railcard allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only 3 each when you buy single or return tickets. You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date. Q: A man bought himself a ti

5、cket of 15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard. How much did he pay?A.44 B.29 C.24 D.15 15+3x3Practice It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore.Needless to say, it was too hot to anything outside.But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was1962, and I would not

6、live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan.Q: In which year did the author first live in aplace with an air conditioner?A. 1952 B. 1962 C. 1972

7、 D. 19822) Inference about detailsTokyo：Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire（蓝宝（蓝宝石）石）worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous sna

8、kes guard exhibition objects, but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said.Q: The jewels was being shown in _ A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum Four passengers were killed and 39 others injured ea

9、rly Sunday after a bus traveling south on Beijing-Zhuhai Freeway broke through a guardrail and fell off a cliff.Traffic police in Shaoguan City, south Chinas Guangdong Province, said the bus carried 43 passengers. It set off from Nanyang, a city in central Chinas Henan Province, at 10 a.m. Saturday

10、headed for Dongguan in Guangdong. All the passengers were residents from Zhenping County in Nanyang City. The accident happened around 3:46 a.m. Sunday when the driver attempted to avoid hitting an unidentified object in front of the bus. You can click the link and watch the video to know more about

11、 the accident.Where is this passage taken from?A.Newspaper B. Magazine C. Website D. TV news Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweig

12、ht, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modem life. Q: We can learn from the paragraph that_.A.food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and Bri

13、tish food is goodC. some people have few choices of foodD. some people care little about healthy diet 3) Inference about factsDiscussion:The best method for solving problems in type A is_全文搜索全文搜索 细查勿漏细查勿漏准确理解准确理解 简单计算简单计算依据事实依据事实 理清关系理清关系 Type B Inference based on logical relationship of the context

14、 Inference based on logical relationship of the context因果关系：因果关系：for, since, because of, that is why, so, therefore.对比关系对比关系: : whereas, unlike, instead, otherwise however, nevertheless, on the contrary.让步关系：让步关系：although, even though, despite, after all概括关系：概括关系：finally, generally, in a word, in co

15、nclusion, in short.强调关系：强调关系：indeed, above all, surely, most important补充说明关系：补充说明关系：in fact, as a matter of fact, in addition, in this case, furthermore.注意注意信息词信息词-航标灯航标灯 (1) (1)利用利用句子句子之间之间承接承接与与转换转换关系推断关系推断 Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in

16、 dreams. .Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing (打喷嚏打喷嚏). I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important.Q

17、: What is the authors attitude toward dreaming? A.He likes it B. He thinks it puzzling. C. He used to like it D. He dislikes it (2) (2) 利用利用段落段落的的衔接衔接与与过渡词过渡词推断推断 We have saved as a final set of emotions the two most important emotions ( (情感情感) ) towards other people: love and its opposite, hate. Lo

18、ve can be seen everywhere. Yet surprisingly, love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions, such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold. First, love is a very complex ( (复杂的复杂的) ) emotion, difficult to describe and measure. Secondly, unlike many extreme em

19、otions, extreme love is generally not a problem; thus less medical attention has been paid to it.Q: In previous passage, the author has probably been discussing _.A. the two most important human emotions-love and hateB. some emotions that are only produced by animalsC. some other sets of human emoti

20、ons than of love and hateD. why love has been the subject of less scientific research (3) (3) 抓住抓住特定信息特定信息进行进行逆向逆向或或正向正向推理推理 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest tha

21、t you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. Q: The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _. A. suffer from poor health B. feel tired and nervous C. dream more often D. breathe quicklyDiscussion:The best method for solving problems

22、 in type B is_弦外之音弦外之音 逻辑分析逻辑分析 防止主观防止主观 错项特征：错项特征：直接陈述直接陈述 未经推理未经推理 必然为错必然为错过度引申过度引申 与文无关与文无关 意在干扰意在干扰Type C Inference based on the authors opinions or attitudesInference based on the authors opinions or attitudesWhats the authors main point?The author seems to agree that_In the authors opinion,_Ac

23、cording to the author,_This authors attitude towards . can best be described as_Questions forms:The authors main purpose in writing this paragraph is to_.The tone of this passage is best described as_表达作者态度常用词汇小结：表达作者态度常用词汇小结：approving approving 赞成的赞成的 critical critical 批评的批评的 neutral neutral 中立的中立的

24、 suspicious/scepticalsuspicious/sceptical 怀疑的怀疑的 worriedworried 担忧的担忧的 depresseddepressed 沮丧的沮丧的subjective subjective 主观的主观的 objectiveobjective 客观的客观的 confidentconfident 有信心的有信心的 optimisticoptimistic 乐观的乐观的 hostilehostile 敌对的敌对的negativenegative 否定的，反对的否定的，反对的impressedimpressed 有深刻印象的有深刻印象的 doubtfuld

25、oubtful 不敢肯定的不敢肯定的 indifferentindifferent 不感兴趣的不感兴趣的persuasivepersuasive 说服人的说服人的 interested interested 感兴趣的感兴趣的 factual factual 实事求是的实事求是的 questioningquestioning 质问的质问的1) 1) 注意作者注意作者对比对比的写作方法的写作方法 Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 196

26、0s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. “My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “Its not somethi

27、ng easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”Q: By saying “todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side.” the author means that todays parents _.A. follow the trend

28、 of the changeB. can set a limit to the changeC. fail to take the change seriouslyD. have little difficulty adjusting to the change解题注意点解题注意点 We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not sub

29、sist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!2 2）注意仔细琢磨作者表达注意仔细琢磨作者表达情感和态度情感和态度的的用词方式用词方式肯定

30、：certainly, no doubt, surely,不太肯定：possibly，maybe, it is said that 情感色彩：great, terrific, wonderfully, sadly, shameQ: The attitude of the author toward advertisers is A. appreciative. B. trustworthy. C. critical. D. dissatisfactory.3 3）注意作者使用）注意作者使用反语反语 I found in my babys behavior a metaphor for the

31、new generation. My wife and I had given him some books to examine， but he merely spit upon them. When we read to him， he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools. We find that our students dont read and look down upon reading and even scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do

32、is watch TV. Therefore, I have reached a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch all they want! Q: What do you think is the authors attitude towards TV?A. Curious. B. Worried. C. Unfavorable. D. Favorable.4

33、 4）注意注意作者作者对事件下的对事件下的结论结论 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder， bribery（行贿），（行贿），and deathFrankly，Im sick of all this bad newsQ: The authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _ A complain B apologize C amuse D inform No one should be forced to wear

34、a uniform. Uniforms are totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniform tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual, that is, the individual in a uniform loses self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a sense of identification with a more i

35、mportant concept. But in fact, the individual himself is the most important, if an organization is so weak that it must rely on the uniform to inspire it members, that organization has not right to continue its existence. On the other hand, uniforms also hurt the economy. Q: The authors main purpose

36、 in writing this paragraph is to_. A. show that uniform are possible in a democratic society B. advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms C. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages D. advocate doing away with uniforms5 5）注意作者对）注意作者对动作动作, , 场

37、景场景的描述的描述 By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.Q: In the paragraph the author suggests that _.A. a modern computer won

38、t be down.B. computers can take the place of humansC. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to peopleD. there will be great changes in computers That poor doctor just couldnt get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. the doctor began to stitch(缝合) my h

39、ead wound, not only did he merrily（快乐地） cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic(麻药) either!What did the writer think of the doctor?A. friendly.B. cruel.C. hardworking.D. kind推断题推断题 解题总结解题总结 ： 依据事实依据事实 把握细节把握细节 简单计算简单计算 段首段尾段首段尾 图文标题图文标题 细查勿漏细查勿漏 作者态度作者态度 遣词用句遣词用句 推敲揣摩推敲揣摩 把握整体把握整体 证据

40、串联证据串联 攻无不胜攻无不胜选项错误类型：选项错误类型：弦外之音弦外之音 逻辑分析逻辑分析 防止主观防止主观过度引申过度引申 与文无关与文无关 意在干扰意在干扰直接陈述直接陈述 未经推理未经推理 必然为错必然为错巩固练习巩固练习Challenge yourself(1) Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking me

41、ant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. Q: The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. (2) The easy way out isnt always easiest.As I was not experienced in cooking , I thought if a dozen was g

42、ood , two dozen would be better , so I doubled everything .I had been defeated , I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldnt have to face Doug laughing at my work , I dont know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing Doug or me.Q: The writers purpose in writing this story is _A. to t

43、ell an interesting experience B. to show the easiest way out of difficulty C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books（3）A U.S. Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel( (木桶木桶) ) with only slight

44、 hurts. Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls. Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori Martin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Fathers Day show. Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bulletproof ( (防弹的防弹的) ) material and cov

45、ered in thick plastics, from rocks at the base of the fall. Q: Which of the following gives the correct relationship between Canada, Niagara Falls and Horseshoe Falls?ABCMHCNHCNHCHNCD(4) Living in a residence hall （学生宿舍）（学生宿舍）carries certain obligation.（义务）（义务） You have to be considerate of others,

46、especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary（卫生）（卫生） as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant of another persons habits that may differ from your own. Q: From this passage, we learn that if you liv

47、e in a dormitory you must learn to be tolerant of_?A)Your roommates telephone calls B) Habits that may differ from your ownC) Visits by your roommates friends D) Roommates who are unsanitary(5) Never before in history have people been so aware of what is going on in the world. Television, newspapers

48、, radio keep us continually informed and stimulated our interest. The sociologists interest in the world around him is intense, for society is his field of study. As an analyst, he must be well acquainted with a broad range of happenings and must understand basic social processes. He wants to now wh

49、at makes the social what it is, how it is organized, why it changes in the way that it does. Such knowledge is valuable not only for those who make great decisions, but also for you, since this is the world in which you live and make your way. The passage chiefly concerns _.A. the work of a sociologist B. the new mediaC. modern society D. decision-makersHomeworkFinish the consolidation exercises