及物动词与不及物动词.ppt

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1、Living with technologyGrammar and Usage Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs (及物动词和不及物动词及物动词和不及物动词) 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。 一、一、及物动词及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语语,常有以下几种形式：常有以下几种形式： 1. “主谓宾主谓宾”结构。结构。如：如： He reached P

2、aris yesterday. The boy likes playing basketball. They believe that they are right. Eg: Please give me a book.（give sb sth) ( =Please give a book to me.(give sth to sb) she bought me a nice gift.(buy sb sth)(= she bought a nice gift for me.(buy sth for sb)2. 主谓双宾主谓双宾(IO +DO) 即即vt+sb+sth结构结构可把可把vt+ s

3、b sth换成换成vt+ sth to sb的动词有：的动词有：give/ send / award/ bring/ hand/ lend/ mail/ owe/ pass/ / return / sell/ show/ take/ offer/teach/ tell/ throw /recommend换成换成for的：的：book/ buy/ choose/ cook/ make/ draw/ prepare/ sing/ spare3. 主谓宾宾主谓宾宾 补补 (vt+O+OC)They asked me to go fishing with them.She often makes me

4、 happy.We call him Jimmy.He found himself lying in bed.可充当宾补的有：可充当宾补的有：adj.、 n.、 adv.、 do、 to do、doing、done、介词短语，从句、介词短语，从句常带宾补的常带宾补的vt.有有 call ; ask, tell, want等等(+sb to do sth)；使役动词；使役动词make, let, have, get; 感官动词感官动词see, hear, notice, find等；等；“认认为为,觉得觉得”类动词类动词consider，believe等；等；“使使.保持某状态保持某状态”的动词

5、的动词keep, leave等。等。注意这些动词接宾补的形式：注意这些动词接宾补的形式：1)make sb/sth +adj. /n. sb. do sth oneself done2) make/have/let + sb. +do get sb. to do 3) have/get sth done have/get sb. doing4)感官动词：感官动词：see/hear/watch sb do sb doing sb/sth done 5)一些及物动词：一些及物动词：ask/ want/advise/invite/allow/encourage/ cause/ force/ pers

6、uade/ tell/ wish/promise +sb. + to do eg：He asked me to get up early.6) find sb./ oneself + doing sth./ 介词短语介词短语/ done7) leave sb. doing sth. undone sb. to do sth. to be done8)keep sb/sth + adj /doing./done9)believe/think/consider/find + sb/sth +( to be ) +adj./n. 4.及物动词及物动词或词组常可用于或词组常可用于被动语态中被动语态中T

7、hey built a new bus station.A new bus station was built (by them.)但但有些有些及物动词及物动词或词组或词组虽然能带宾语，但不虽然能带宾语，但不能用于被动语态中：能用于被动语态中：cost, fit , have, own, hold(容纳），容纳），agree with, belong to, add up to, consist of, suffer fromEg: The big house belongs to me. The team consists of 12 men._from heart trouble for

8、years, ProfessorWhite has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered.不及物动词（不及物动词（vi. ） 不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语。若要不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语。若要跟宾语跟宾语，必须先在其后必须先在其后加上相应的介词加上相应的介词。Look carefully! Look at me carefully! listen to me.Wait for me.He works in a fac

9、tory. 1.常见的不及物动词及词组：常见的不及物动词及词组： agree, disagree, go, work, listen, look, come, agree, disagree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, wait, succeed, live, lie last , end, hurry, fail, wait, su

10、cceed, live, lie last , end, spreadspread , appear, disappear, happen, occur, , appear, disappear, happen, occur, take place, break out, break down, come up, come true, come about , come out(出版出版), give/run out , go out(熄灭熄灭), go down(下降下降), go up, come back ( 返回返回)， come over (访问访问) drop by (顺便拜访顺便

11、拜访) ，get up ( 起床起床)，grow up ，show off ( 炫耀炫耀)，show up( 出现出现), turn up, wake up (醒来醒来), 等。等。 2. 有些动词既可以用作及物又可以用作不有些动词既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物动词，其意义不变。及物动词，其意义不变。 有：有： begin 、start；answer, sing, close, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve, leave, stop, fly, cook, contribute.attend vi. 专心，注意，照顾专心，注意

12、，照顾(+to) vt. 参加参加adjust vi. 适应适应 (to) vt. 调整调整run vi. 跑跑 vt. 经营经营get vi. 到达到达 (to) vt.得到得到sell vi. 某物卖得好不好某物卖得好不好 vt 卖，销售卖，销售wash vi.某物好不好洗某物好不好洗 vt . 洗洗 需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语。可跟的宾语是同源宾语。 如：如：dream a dream sigh a deep sigh dance a charming dance live a happy life误：误：deal a p

13、roblem正：正：deal with a problem 处理问题处理问题误：误：depend/rely sb.正：正：depend/rely on sb. 依靠（依赖）某依靠（依赖）某人人误：误：insist doing sth.正：正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事坚持要做某事 4.易误用作及物动词的易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：个不及物动词： 误：误：knock the door正：正：knock on at the door 敲门敲门误：误：operate sb.正：正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术为某人做手术误：误：participate

14、sth.正：正：participate in sth. 参加某事参加某事误：误：refer sth.正：正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考查阅（参考)某物某物 误：误：reply a letter正：正：reply to a letter 回信回信误：误：agree sb正：正： agree with sb同意某人的话、观点同意某人的话、观点注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物，如词也可能及物，如insist, reply等动词等动词后可接宾语从句，后可接宾语从句，operate表示表示“操操作作”、“管理管理”等时则及物。等时则及物。 5.容易

15、误用作不及物动词的容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词：个及物动词：serve for sb. marry with sb. discuss about sth. mention about sth. enter into a room contact with sb. advertise for sthring to sb. 为某人服务为某人服务与某人结婚与某人结婚讨论某事讨论某事提到某事提到某事进入房间进入房间与某人联系与某人联系为某物做广告为某物做广告”、“登广告登广告宣传某物宣传某物”；给某人打电话给某人打电话.系动词：系动词：be ,keep, stay, remain, stand,

16、 turn, get, grow, fall, go, become, run, appear, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove, turn out等往往没等往往没有被动语态，其后常常接形容词或名词作表语有被动语态，其后常常接形容词或名词作表语, 构成构成主系表结构主系表结构.Eg: Your idea sounds reasonable. The food will go bad if you dont put it into the refrigerator.1. If you want to sell your product y

17、ou must _ it. A. advertise B. advertise forC. advertise on D. advertise to advertise sth “为为做广告做广告”、“登登广告宣传广告宣传”； advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人登广告征求或寻找某物或某人实例分析实例分析 2. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the people heart and soul.A. s

18、erve B. serve forC. serve to D. serve on 3.I _ you yesterday, but you werent in.A. rang B. rang toC. rang with D. rang to4. Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin.A. marry B. marry toC. marry with D. marry for5. How can I _ you, Mr. Green?A. contact B. contact withC. contact to D. contact

19、 for真题点击真题点击 1.The pupil _ his right hand, obviously hoping to _ to answer the teachers question. A. rose, rise B. raised ,rise C. rose ,raise D. raised, raise2. His words on my improper behavior are strongly _ at my memory. A. impressed B. established C. fixed D. stricken解析：解析：be impressed by/at/wi

20、th表示表示“对对印象深刻印象深刻”的意思。的意思。3. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 4. Ow! Ive burnt myself! How did you do that? I _ a hot pot. A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held 解析：解析： 根据对话的情景可知，根据对话的情景可知，“Ive burnt myself!（我伤到了自己）（我伤到了自己）”的原因是的原因是“我碰到了热锅。我碰到了热锅。”touch表示表示“触；摸；碰触；摸；碰”，为及物动词，为及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语，故选后接名词或代词作宾语，故选A；注意注意feel表示表示“触；摸触；摸”，为不及物，为不及物动词，后面不接宾语，故动词，后面不接宾语，故C不对。不对。 Do parts C1 and C2 on Page 100 of the workbook.