牛津英语模块五第二单元语法.ppt

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1、Grammar and usage非谓语非谓语动词v-ed过去分词过去分词to do不定式不定式v-ing 形式形式动动名词名词现在分词现在分词What is .doing?be +ving表动作进行 She is using eco-friendly washing powder. He/It is sleeping. It is standing. The black man is smiling. v-ing 还可以充当什么 Going to a British high school for one year is an enjoyable experience.There are m

2、any sleeping students in class. （表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.The students feel the lesson boring.The lesson is boring.（宾补）（宾补）（状语）（状语）4. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.2. The man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang.1. a running man3. The ma

3、n running fastest got the first place. 一一、 V-ing used as attribute:小小 结结:V-ing形式作定语可表示形式作定语可表示动作正在进行动作正在进行（如例（如例1、2）或表示和所修饰词之间或表示和所修饰词之间有有逻辑主动关系（如例逻辑主动关系（如例3）。）。位置摆法位置摆法：单个：单个V-ing词作定语词作定语修饰名词修饰名词一般一般置于名词之前置于名词之前（如例（如例1）；）；V-ing词词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2、3），此时），此时相当于一个定语从句相当于一个定语从句（如例如例4）。）。作

4、定语时作定语时，动名词与现在分词的区别，动名词与现在分词的区别 现在分词现在分词动名词动名词a sleeping child一个正一个正在睡觉的孩子在睡觉的孩子a sleeping car一辆卧车一辆卧车a flying bird一只正在飞一只正在飞翔的鸟翔的鸟a flying course飞行课程飞行课程a swimming girl一个正一个正在游泳的女孩在游泳的女孩a swimming pool一个游泳池一个游泳池the running water自来自来水水the running track跑道跑道v-ing修饰名词，还可表示其用途修饰名词，还可表示其用途a swimming pool

5、(2) a walking man(1) a walkingstick =a stick for walking = a man who is walkingTips 2Tips 2a running athletea promising young man.an exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk有前途的年轻人有前途的年轻人跑步运动员跑步运动员激动人心的夜晚激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声有趣的相声Translate the following phrases.在礼堂里做演讲在礼堂里做演讲的教授的教授在田间劳作的农在田间劳作的农民民持续半个小时的持续半个

6、小时的会议会议朝街的大楼朝街的大楼the professor giving a speech in the hallthe farmers working in the fieldthe meeting lasting half an hourthe building facing the streetTranslate the phrases using v-ing：The teacher teaching us English is Mr. SunRewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.=The teacher wh

7、o teaches / is teaching us English is Mr. Sun.The people sitting behind us are all teachers.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers. the man sitting by the window boiling water falling snow the bridge being built# 与过去分词与过去分词,不定式不定式 作定语的区别作定语的区别the house built/ being built/to be built

8、过去分词做定语过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语现在分词作定语与修饰词之间是主谓关系，或表示动作正在发生。不定式作定语不定式作定语表示动作将要发生。 2.We noticed a lot of people_ _二二、 V-ing used as Object Complement:你使我笑你使我笑/我看你唱了一首歌我看你唱了一首歌/妈妈留我在家妈妈留我在家/我逮到小老鼠在偷东西。我逮到小老鼠在偷东西。 1. We saw some students_ 3.They have the fireburning all night. playing b

9、asketball on the playground.waiting to enter the stadium.V-ing形式作宾语补足语置形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个于宾语之后，表示一个正在正在进行的动作进行的动作（如例（如例1、2），），或强调一个或强调一个过程或一种状态过程或一种状态。（如例（如例3）小小 结结 ：V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：小小 结结 ：1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at,

10、listen to 等。等。2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：V-ing形式作宾语补足语时，往形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主谓关系。往同宾语存在逻辑主谓关系。1. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 2. I heard him _ (drop) lots of coins into the collecting tin. forcingdroppingPracticeFill in the blanks wit

11、h the verb given in its proper form. 当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 When we returned to the school, we _at the entrance. 我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。 I _on the ground. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。那老板让工人整夜地工作。 The boss _the whole night. found a stranger standingfound a bag lyingkept/had the workers working

12、PracticeComplete the sentences: His concern for his mother is感人感人 _.三、三、V ing used as predicativetouching/moving -ing形式作表语形式作表语 ：v-ing形式，表示“某物令人的” v-ed形式,表示“某人感到” The film is interesting. 3.V ing used as 状语状语1 .Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.2. Being a student, he was in

13、terested in sports.3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office. V-ing词组可以在句中充当词组可以在句中充当状语状语,格式：格式：状语状语:在句中充当时间、原在句中充当时间、原 因、因、 目的目的、结果结果、条件条件、伴随伴随 、让步让步.v-ing+其它，主句。其它，主句。=状语成句，主句。状语成句，主句。-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如：短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如： 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。1. 作时间状语作时间状

14、语_, I decided to write back.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 =_ I decided to write back. Having received his letterAfter I had received his letterHearing the bad news,When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. = _ , they couldnt help crying. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。_, he d

15、idnt go last week. _ _, he didnt go last week. -ing短语作原因状语一般置于句首。如：短语作原因状语一般置于句首。如： 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。因为太生气了，他不能入睡。 he couldnt go to sleep. = , he couldnt go to sleep.2. 作原因状语作原因状语Having been to the Great Wall many timesBecause (As) he had been to the Great Wall many timesBecause he was so angry, Being s

16、o angry-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。3. 作条件状语作条件状语注意：_, and you will succeed.Work hard-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，句末，常与常与even if, though 连用连用。如：。如：4. 作让步状语作让步状语Though working from morning til

17、l night, his father didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。是挣不到足够的吃的。 They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。他们

18、又唱又笑地走进教室。5. 作伴随状语作伴随状语 当他在北京时，他来看了我两次。当他在北京时，他来看了我两次。While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.=While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice. 尽管很想出席晚会，他拒绝受邀。尽管很想出席晚会，他拒绝受邀。Though willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party,

19、he refused the invitation.小小 结结:1. -ing短语与短语与when, while, though, until, if等等连词连词连用连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody w

20、as found in it.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.Choose the correct sentence.1. The

21、ir car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause2. The _ boy was last seen _ near the bank of the lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to playExercise3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book

22、 made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying5. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

23、6. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparingThe secretary worked late into the night_ a long speech for the president.A7. Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read

24、 D. reading8. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received考例考例1 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. （NMET 2003）A.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked.考点考点 V-ing形式作宾语补足语。形式作宾语补足语。考例考例2 We often pr

25、ovide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006全国全国卷卷III)A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought考点考点 V-ing形式作原因状语。形式作原因状语。考例考例3 While watching television, _. （2005全国卷全国卷II）A the doorbell rang B the doorbell ringsC we heard the doorbell ringD w

26、e heard the doorbell rings考点考点 当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。须与句子的主语保持一致。考例考例4 The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.(2004 江苏江苏)A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked 考点考点 当分词作时间状语时当分词作时间状语时考例考例5 _ the programme, they have to stay t

27、here for another two weeks. （广东（广东2004）A.Not completingB. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed考点考点 非谓语动词的否定形式非谓语动词的否定形式Consolidationchange the following attributive clauses into verb-ing form?1). A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. A waiting taxi is around the corn

28、er. 3).The boy who was smiling ran to his mother. The smiling boy ran to his mother.4).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. 5).The young man who is looking at the map is lost. The young man looking at the map is

29、lost.rewrite these sentences ,using clauses introduced by when,after,because,as a result,and if ect.Knowing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. Lucy and Lily, looking so alike, are often m

30、istaken for twins. Lucy and Lily, because they look so alike, are often mistaken for twins. The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home. The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. Time permitting, I will meet you for lunch. If time

31、 permits, I will meet you for lunch. Multiple choice: 1.Where is my passport? I remember _it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _it with you all the time.A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking2.After finishing his homework he went on_a letter to his parent

32、s.A. write B. writingC. wrote D. to write 3.Only _English doesnt mean_ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 4.Would you mind _quiet for a moment? Im trying_a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D

33、. to keep；filling out 5. _the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearingC. While hearingD. Having heard 6.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen7._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A. The

34、 walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk8.There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed9. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned10._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not r

35、eceiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.(01上海)A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set up2. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.（01上海A. to have had

36、 time B. having timeC. to have time D. to have time3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.(02上海).A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting链接高考链接高考4_ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(03上海).A.The president will attend B.The president to atte

37、ndC.The president attendedD.The presidents attending5Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.(04 上海) .A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able8.The flowers _sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.(04上

38、海)A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt9. The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.(04江苏)A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked10. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket into a passenger.(04春季北京)A. put B. to be putt

39、ing C. to put D. putting12. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _away.(05全国II)A. run B. running C. to run D. ran14. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.(05 北京)A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 16. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic games _in Beijing in 2008.(06 四川)A. ho

40、ld B. holding c. held D. to be held18. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.(06山东) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly19. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.(06江苏) A. sa

41、yingB. saidC. to say D. having said 20. - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. (06江苏) A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been一些独立结构一些独立结构：1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.speakingJudgingTo tell