201412公开课虚拟语气.ppt

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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive (虚拟语气虚拟语气 ) 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，是一种与事实相反的愿望。事实，是一种与事实相反的愿望。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。来表示。虚拟语气在条件从句中虚拟语气在条件从句中 在条件从句中在条件从句中 (If(If虚拟条件从句虚拟条件从句) )，表示与事实相，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况：反的条件。分三种情况：表示与事实表示与事实情况相反情况相反条件从句的谓语形条件从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表

2、示与现在表示与现在事实相反事实相反过去式过去式( (did) )( (be常用常用were) )would / could / might / should+ + 动动词原形词原形表示与过去表示与过去事实相反事实相反过去完成式过去完成式( (had +donewould / could / might/should+ +have+ +过去分词过去分词表示与将来表示与将来事实相反事实相反过去式过去式( (did) )should + do were to + dowould/could/might/ should+ +动词原形动词原形a. a. 与现在事实相反的假设与现在事实相反的假设条件从句条

3、件从句 主句主句 一般过去时一般过去时（be用用were） would /could/might+动词动词原形原形 例如：如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。例如：如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 If they were here, they would help you. 含义：含义：They are not here, so they cant help you. .b. b. 与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设条件从句条件从句 主句主句 过去完成时（过去完成时（had + + 过去过去分词）分词）would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词过去分词 如如:如果他昨天来的话，我就

4、把这件事告诉他了如果他昨天来的话，我就把这件事告诉他了。 If he had come yesterday, I would have told him about it.含义：含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. c. c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句条件从句主句主句 一般过去时一般过去时 would/could/might+ +动词动词原形原形 were+ to + +动词原形动词原形should+ + 动词原形动词原形 例如：如果你成功了，一切都会好的。

5、例如：如果你成功了，一切都会好的。If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.含义含义：You are not likely to succeed, so everything will be what it is now.虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用：虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用： 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句有

6、时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。种条件句叫做混合条件句。1.1.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do today. ( (从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) )2.2.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 If it had rained l

7、ast night（过去）（过去）, it would be very cold today. （现在）（现在） 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或或had，可省可省ifif，再把，再把were, should或或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装移到从句的句首，实行倒装. .1.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 If they were here now, they could help us. =Were they here now, they could help us. 2.你来得早一点，就碰到他了你来得早一点，就

8、碰到他了。 If you had come earlier, you would have met him. = Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 3.3.如果下雨，庄稼就得救了。如果下雨，庄稼就得救了。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved.= Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 在主语在主语从句中的应用：从句中的应用： 在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, a pity ,natura

9、l, essential ) that . ” 中，中，that 后后面的从句中的谓语动词用面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形动词原形 1. Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 2. Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3. Its important that your injured hand not be exposed to the sun. 重要的是受伤的手不要暴露于阳光下。重要的是受伤的手不

10、要暴露于阳光下。 在在 It is suggested/decided/ordered/demanded等等后面的后面的that从句中，谓语动词同样用从句中，谓语动词同样用( (should) do1.Its demanded that you (should) try your best to study hard.2.Its advised that we (should) help him often.3.Its decided that they (should )be sent there.4.Its ordered that we (should) not go out of sc

11、hool .在宾语从句中的应用：在宾语从句中的应用： 在表示命令在表示命令/建议建议/要求等一类动词后面的从句要求等一类动词后面的从句中中(advise,demand, desire, insist,propose, order, recommend, require, request, suggest，command)谓语用谓语用（should) do我建议下周召开个会议。我建议下周召开个会议。I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting nextweek. 他坚持被派到那儿去。他坚持被派到那儿去。He insisted that he (should

12、) be sent there.insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气. insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时用虚拟形式（时用虚拟形式（should）do; insist 表示表示“坚称坚称/坚持说坚持说”时用陈述语气，表示事实。时用陈述语气，表示事实。 suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。 suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。1. His expression suggested that he was happy. 他的表情他的表情暗示暗示他是快乐的。他是

13、快乐的。2. The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师老师建议建议我们课后把黑板擦了我们课后把黑板擦了。 3. He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他他坚持要求坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 4. He insisted that he was right. 他他坚持说坚持说他是对的。他是对的。 wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能后面

14、的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望实现的愿望, ,其宾语从句的动词形式为：其宾语从句的动词形式为： 从句谓语动词从句谓语动词表示现在不能实现的愿望表示现在不能实现的愿望过去式过去式表示将来的愿望表示将来的愿望would (could) +动词原形动词原形对过去的事情表示愿望对过去的事情表示愿望had + 过去分词过去分词 我希望和你一样高。我希望和你一样高。I wish I were as tall as you.他希望他没讲过那样的话。他希望他没讲过那样的话。 He wishes he hadnt said that. 我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。 I

15、 wish it would rain tomorrow. would rather(宁愿宁愿) 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句: 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时当从句表示现在或将来的时间时, ,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用一般过去时一般过去时; ;表示过去时间时表示过去时间时, ,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用过过去完成时去完成时。1.I would rather he came tomorrow .2.I would rather they had come here last week.3.I would rather my English were better than yours. would

16、rather (not) do suggestion, order, decision, demand, proposal, idea, plan, advice等名词后面的表等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句以及它们前面的主语从语从句、同位语从句以及它们前面的主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ +动词原形动词原形。1.My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference. 2.I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting

17、 next week.3.That we (should )go at once is his demand.It is (high) time 后的后的that 从句，用过去式从句，用过去式/ should+do1.是我们离开的时候了。是我们离开的时候了。 It is high time that we left.2.是时候做点什么治理环境污染问题是时候做点什么治理环境污染问题 It is high time that we did something to control the environment pollution.It is time for sb to do sth. 虚拟语气

18、在虚拟语气在 as if as if 从句中从句中 在在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用事实相反，用过去式过去式；与过去事实相反用；与过去事实相反用过去完过去完成式成式 ( (had done) ); ;与将来事实相反用与将来事实相反用过去将来时过去将来时（would do) )一、一、as if 连接表语从句连接表语从句 1.1.she looks as if she were an angel. 2.He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、二、as if 连接让步状语从句连接让步

19、状语从句1.1.She looks after the boy as if he were her own son.2.He speaks to us as if he had been there. . 3.He talks as if he would go to America soon.if only（“但愿但愿”, ,“要要就好）感叹句中的虚拟式就好）感叹句中的虚拟式: :1.If only he didnt drive so fast.2.If only I had asked your advice.3.If only the rain would stop.1.1.现在的愿望现

20、在的愿望, ,用用过去式过去式. .2.2.过去没能实现的愿望，用过去没能实现的愿望，用过去完成式过去完成式. .3.3.与与would 连用，表一时难以实现的愿望连用，表一时难以实现的愿望Only if ?Only if you work hard can you succeed.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例 一些介词短语一些介词短语, ,如如: :but for(but for(要不是要不是), ), without, otherwise(without, otherwise(否则否则), in that ), in that case(case(如果是那样的话如果是那样的话)

21、, ), 表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件, ,这时主句要用虚拟语气这时主句要用虚拟语气 1.Without your help（=If you had not helped us before), we_(fail)then.2.But for your help（=If you had not helped us before), I_(fail)now.3.I was busy（=If I had not been busy just now),otherwise I_ (give)you more help.would have failedwould failwould have giv

22、en EXERCISES1.If_I would meet such a big trouble,I might not live here now.(know) 如我早知我会遇到这么大的麻烦，我可能现在就不会住这了。2.This printer is of good quality.If it_within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.(break) 这台打印机质量很好，万一第一年坏了，我们免费保修。3.Had it not been for the worsening air quality,the flight_by

23、the heavy fog for such a long time.(delay) 如不是空气质量越来越差，航班不会因大雾延误如此之久。4.The representatives all applauded his proposal_education.(access) 代表都赞同他的提案，即每个孩子都应有平等机会接受教育。5.It is required that all high school students_to use cell phones at school.(allow) 所有高中都有规定，学生在校内不准使用手机。6.Though the couple quarrel a l

24、ot,I would rather their marriage_.(break) 虽然他们两口子经常吵架，我但愿他们的婚姻不会破裂。7.It is high time that_the disagreement and focus on the subject.(set) 双方是时候把分歧放到一边，专注到这个主题上来。8.But for your timely encouragement,I_after going through so much difficulty.(lose) 要不是你及时鼓励，经历这么多困难之后我早就灰心了。9.Tom came late again.Otherwis

25、e,we_earlier and left earlier.(finish) 汤姆又来晚了，否则我们就能早些完成工作早些离开了。10.Luckily a large company agreed to sponsor us,without which our work_.(stop) 幸亏一家大公司同意赞助，否则我们的工作就会停止了。11.I feel so sick.If only Mum_to eat so much.(force) 我感到恶心。要是妈妈没有逼我吃这么多就好了。12.It looked_a meal for a week.(have) 看起来好像他一周没吃饭。 Bye-bye