初中现在完成时讲解与练习1.ppt

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1、现在完成时现在完成时一一.构成构成: have/ has + done (过去分词过去分词) 1. 1.直接加直接加- -eded。如：。如：play-playedplay-played 2. 2.以字母以字母e e结尾的直接加结尾的直接加d d 。如：。如：name-name-namednamed 3. 3.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的，变结尾的，变y y为为i i加加eded。如：。如：carry-carriedcarry-carried 4. 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加双写这个辅音字母再加- -eded。如：。如：

2、stop-stop-stoppedstopped抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。 1.be- e 3.go- 4.do 5.have- 6.drink 7.give- 8. eat 9.know- 10.make 11.run- 12.say 13.see- 14.find 15.draw- 16.get 17.hear- 18.begin 19.buy- 20.leavewas/were -beencame-comewent-gonedid-donehad-haddrank-drunkgave-givenate-eatenknew-knownmade-maderan-runsaid-saids

3、aw-seenfound-founddrew-drawngot-gotheard-heardbegan-begunbought-boughtleft-left(1.)(1.)肯定句肯定句“主语主语 + havehave（hashas）过去分词）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的havehave或或hashas是助动词，是助动词，hashas用于第三用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用人称单数，其它人称一律用havehave。 I have eaten my lunchShe has eaten her lunchThey have eaten their lunch1. Ive alr

4、eady had dinner. I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.haventhadyethasnt finishedyethasnt cookedhasnt learned(2)否定否定形式：形式：have not (havent) +过去分词过去分词 /h

5、as not (hasnt) +过过去分词去分词 现在完成时的一般疑问句形式现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has 提前提前 + 主语主语 +过去分词过去分词 Has she eaten lunch.Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-ate-eaten(3)疑问句疑问句1. Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school.Have you had dinner

6、yet?Has he just finished his homework?Has mum cooked the dinner? Has Susan learned English at school?把下列句子改为一般疑问句把下列句子改为一般疑问句（三）用法（三）用法（1） 表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作,强调对强调对现现在在造成造成的结果的结果或对或对现在现在造成的影响造成的影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)I havent re

7、ad that book yet . (不了解书的内容不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的手是干净的)常与常与already(已经已经), yet(已经已经/尚未尚未), just(刚刚刚刚),ever(曾经曾经) never(从不从不) before(以前以前) in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的在过去的) recently(最近最近) so far =up to now(到目前为止到目前为止) up to now等词连用等词连用. already: 已经已经 ， 常用于肯定句中常用于肯

8、定句中. yet: 还还 。常。常用于否定句用于否定句,疑问句尾疑问句尾. 常用于现在完成时的时间副词常用于现在完成时的时间副词, ,介词介词: :already (已经已经): 用于肯定句用于肯定句I have already had breakfast. .yet(还还): 用于否定句用于否定句,疑问句疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing?never(从不从不) I have never seen him .bef

9、ore(以前以前)He has seen this film before.Have you seen the film before?in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去在过去的的) My life has greatly changed in the last few years.recently(最近最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止到目

10、前为止)Up to now we have learned 2000 English wordsI came to Tu Cheng Middle School three years ago.pastpresentI has been in Tu Cheng Middle School since three years ago.pastpresentI has been in Tu Cheng Middle School for three years2) 表示过去已经开始表示过去已经开始, 持续到持续到现在现在, 也许还会继也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段续下去的动作

11、或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用时间的状语连用。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born .常与常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用引导的时间短语或从句连用.since + 时间点时间点 用来说明动作起始时间 “自从” for + 时间段时间段 用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达”选用选用for和和since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the

12、 factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince注意注意: 短暂性动词短暂性动词不能不能和和时间段时间段连用连用. 短暂性动词动词joinbegin/startborr

13、owfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuycome/go to die become borrowleave/ move buy openjoin returnstart/begin finish/ endcatch a cold get up get to know marry close wake upgo to sleepbecome interested in arrive in/at/(get to)/reachbe in/at be deadhavekeepbe away(from) / be out be be in/a member ofbe open

14、be onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe marriedbe closedbe awakebe asleepbe interested inbe backbe in/at=It is/ has been two years since he died.=Two years has passed since he died.eg. 他死了两年了：他死了两年了：He died two years ago.=He has been dead for two years /since two years ago 1. 这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this b

15、ook a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.1.He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book

16、 for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.持续性持续性动词和动词和短暂性短暂性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化 (keys)6. He left here 2

17、years ago. 6. He left here 2 years ago. -He-He _ _ _ from here for _ _ _ from here for 2 2 yearsyears. .7. The film began 30 minutes ago. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. 8. They opened the door an

18、hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ - The door _ _ _ for for an hour. an hour.10. He joined the army last year. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year

19、.- He _ _ _ the army for a year.- It _ a year _ he joined the army.- It _ a year _ he joined the army.- He _ _ a He _ _ a soldiersoldier for a year. for a year. has been awayhas been inhas been closedhas been onhas been openis sincehas been 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对

20、现在的影响，强调的是影响影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）（强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）容已经知道了）2）一般过去时一般过去时 常与具体的表示常与具体的表示过去的时间状过去的时间状语语连用连用; 现在完成时现在完成时通常通常与模糊的时间状语与模糊的时间状语连用，连用，或或无时无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语

21、现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语 have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回； have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语; have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 He went to Shanghai last week. 他他(曾经曾经)到到/去过

22、上海去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经他已经去上海了去上海了 也许刚动身出发也许刚动身出发,也许已经也许已经到了到了,也许还在路上也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里反正他人不在这里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是去了上海去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他他呆在上海迄今为止已经呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢现在

23、还在上海没有离开呢辨析这些句子辨析这些句子由时态导致的由时态导致的含义上的差别含义上的差别动词填空：动词填空：1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, Yes, we_(dowe_(do) that already.) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.2._ he _(see) t

24、his film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. He _ it last week. 3. How many times _3. How many times _you_(comeyou_(come) here? ) here? Once.Once.HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavecomecome4. I _ 4. I _ (

25、 (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) 6. So far, ma

26、ny countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(7.Mr Chen _(give)upgive)up smoking last year. smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.9.He _( keep) the book since two days

27、 ago.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegaveHaveHaveriddenriddenhas kepthas kept练习题练习题: 1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far, spaceships withou

28、t people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away from B.has leftC.has been away from D.went away 5.Mr. and Mrs. Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached methave chosenhave reachedCACorrectingCorrecting

29、1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. 2. My bother has joined the army since he 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.5years. 4. The film has been on sin

30、ce I have come 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch 6. Ten years have passed since they got married. 7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. 8.What time have the factory opened? 9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen toGood-bye!