be+动词不定式用法以及几种表示将来时态的辨析.pdf

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1、be +be +动词不定式用法以及几种表示动词不定式用法以及几种表示将来时态的辨析将来时态的辨析be +be +动词不定式（即动词不定式（即 be + to do sth.be + to do sth.）有以下几种含义：）有以下几种含义：1.1.表示?“将”、表示?“将”、 “计划”、“计划”、 “安排”。“安排”。 ( (意思接近于意思接近于 be?going?to)?be?going?to)?Their?daughter?is?to?get?married?soon.?Their?daughter?is?to?get?married?soon.?It?was?the?last?film?a

2、t?the?cinemaIt?was?the?last?film?at?the?cinema，which?was?to?close?next?day.?which?was?to?close?next?day.?注：注：was/?were?to?have?done,?was/?were?to?have?done,?表示?“本打算”、“本计划”或“本应表示?“本打算”、“本计划”或“本应当”?做的事而没有做成或没有发生。如当”?做的事而没有做成或没有发生。如:?:?I?was?to?have?seen?him?last?Wednesday,?but?he?didnt?comeI?was?to?ha

3、ve?seen?him?last?Wednesday,?but?he?didnt?come.?.?We?were?to?have?been?married?last?year.We?were?to?have?been?married?last?year.2.2.表示义务表示义务, ,应该应该, ,接近于接近于should,must,ought,have to?should,must,ought,have to?No?one?is?to?leave?the?building.?No?one?is?to?leave?the?building.?谁也不得离开这楼房。谁也不得离开这楼房。?You?ar

4、e?not?to?smoke?in?this?room.=You?are?not?supposed?toYou?are?not?to?smoke?in?this?room.=You?are?not?supposed?to?smoke?in?this?room.?smoke?in?this?room.?You?are?to?be?back?by?10?oclock.?你必须十点以前回来。You?are?to?be?back?by?10?oclock.?你必须十点以前回来。?3.?3.?表示?“命运”,?将来必然要发生的事表示?“命运”,?将来必然要发生的事 ,?,?译作?“注定”。译作?“注定”

5、。如：如：?They?said?goodbye,?little?knowing?they?were?never?to?meet?They?said?goodbye,?little?knowing?they?were?never?to?meet?again.?again.?4.4.用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于 mustnt。例如：mustnt。例如：The books in this room are not to be taken outside.The books in this room are not to be taken outside.这个室内这

6、个室内的书籍不得带出室外。的书籍不得带出室外。You are not to smoke in the reading-room.You are not to smoke in the reading-room.你不可以在阅览室里你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。吸烟。5.5. 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：例如：Am I to go on with the workAm I to go on with the work 要我继续完成这项工作吗要我继续完成这项工作吗What are we to do nextWhat are we to do next

7、我们下一步该怎么办我们下一步该怎么办6.6.表示“可以，可能”，相当于表示“可以，可能”，相当于 may, canmay, can。例如：。例如：The news is to be found in the evening paper.The news is to be found in the evening paper.这条消息可以在这条消息可以在晚报上见到。晚报上见到。Such people are to be found everywhere.Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人到处都有。这种人到处都有。She is nowhere to

8、 be found.She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不着她。在哪里也找不着她。特殊结构：特殊结构：be to blame(be to blame(该受责备，对某坏事应负责任该受责备，对某坏事应负责任) )be to let(be to let(待出租待出租) )两种结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。两种结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例如：例如：Which driver is to blame for the accidentWhich driver is to blame for the accident这事故是哪个司机的这事故是哪个司机的责任责

9、任This house is to let.This house is to let.这房子要出租。这房子要出租。辨析：辨析：表示未经事先考虑而只是说话时临时作出的决定，表示未经事先考虑而只是说话时临时作出的决定， 表示说话人认表示说话人认为，相信，希望或假定要发生的事，也可表示倾向性或规律性，事为，相信，希望或假定要发生的事，也可表示倾向性或规律性，事物的固有属性或必然趋势。物的固有属性或必然趋势。注注：在在含含有有条条件件状状语语从从句句的的主主从从复复合合句句中中，主主句句一一般般不不用用be?going?tobe?going?to，而常用，而常用 willwill（第一人称用（第一人称

10、用 shallshall） 。如：。如：The?football?match?will?be?put?off?if?it?rains?tomorrow.?The?football?match?will?be?put?off?if?it?rains?tomorrow.?如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。 going going toto表示事先经过考虑，表示事先经过考虑， 或有迹象表明某事即将发生或或有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生，一般带有时间状语，常用于口语。肯定发生，一般带有时间状语，常用于口语。3.3.一般现在时一般现在时表按时刻表或按规定发生的事表按时

11、刻表或按规定发生的事4.4.现在进行时现在进行时表按计划、安排近期发生的动作表按计划、安排近期发生的动作( (只限于只限于 come,come, go,go,leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stayleave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay 等）等） about to do about to do即将即将 常和常和 whenwhen 引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用( (此形式不能此形式不能与具体时间状语连用）与具体时间状语连用）小试牛刀：小试牛刀：?students?

12、were?told?that?they?_?at?the?school?gate?at?students?were?told?that?they?_?at?the?school?gate?at?2:00?the?following?afternoon.?2:00?the?following?afternoon.?A.?met? B.?would meet C.?were?to?meet? D.?were?met?A.?met? B.?would meet C.?were?to?meet? D.?were?met?2.?The?house?_?ready?today?but?as?there?h

13、as?been?a?2.?The?house?_?ready?today?but?as?there?has?been?a?builders?strike?it?is?still?only?half?finished.?builders?strike?it?is?still?only?half?finished.?A.?is? B.?was?to?be? C.?was?A.?is? B.?was?to?be? C.?was?D.?was?to?have?been?D.?was?to?have?been?such?dry?weather,?the?flowers?will?have?to?be?w

14、atered?if?such?dry?weather,?the?flowers?will?have?to?be?watered?if?they?_.?they?_.?A.?have?survived? B.?are?to?survive?A.?have?survived? B.?are?to?survive?C.?would?survive? D.?will?survive?C.?would?survive? D.?will?survive?_?I?_?what?has?become?of?him?_?I?_?what?has?become?of?him?A.?am;?to?know? B.?

15、am;?knowing?A.?am;?to?know? B.?am;?knowing?C.?was;?to?know? D.?will;?know?C.?was;?to?know? D.?will;?know?5.?_?he?_?tomorrow,?I?would?go?to?meet?him?at?the5.?_?he?_?tomorrow,?I?would?go?to?meet?him?at?the?station.?station.?A.?Were;?to?come? B.?Was;?coming?A.?Were;?to?come? B.?Was;?coming?C.?Did;?come

16、? D.?Would;?comeC.?Did;?come? D.?Would;?come答案解析：答案解析：1. be to do1. be to do 表将来表将来, , 时态需一致时态需一致, , 用用 were to meet;were to meet;2.2. 用用waswas表明已经过去表明已经过去, , toto havehave been.,been., 虚拟语气虚拟语气, , 与事实相反与事实相反, ,表表明本该明本该.却没却没.;.;3. if3. if 条件句条件句, , 用不定式现在时态用不定式现在时态 be to dobe to do 表将来表将来; ;4. be to do,4. be to do, 表示可能会表示可能会., =., =我怎么知道他的遭遇如何我怎么知道他的遭遇如何5.5. 虚拟语气虚拟语气, , 用用 werewere 不用不用 was,was, 即即=If he were to come.=If he were to come. 助动词助动词werewere 提前，省略提前，省略 ifif