人教版初一英语语法总结.docx

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1、人教版初一英语语法总结 人教版初一英语语法总结一、词法1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词，而不行数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,docu

2、mentary-documentaries,story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的干脆加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Ch

3、inese,Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但假如是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十）有的单复数意思不

4、同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式干脆加s或s。如：Is(Is),Ks(Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二）特别形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,po

5、liceman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要运用全部格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers,Mikes,teachers二）复数以s结尾的干脆在s后加，假如不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：TeachersDay老师节,classmates;ChildrensDay六一节,WomensDay三八节三）由and并列的名词全部时，假如是共同全部同一人或物时，只加最终一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：MikeandBensroom迈克和本的房间（共住一间），MikesandBens

6、rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves其次人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsthisthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应当像名词的单数变动词那样

7、加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的干脆加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes五）特别的有：are-is,have-hasB）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要运用分词形式，不能用原

8、形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（留意除开字母组合如showshowing,draw-drawing）要双写

9、最终的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要运用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一）一般在词后加er或est(假如是以e结尾则干脆加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shortershortest,tallertallest,longerlongest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest二）以重

10、读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest三）以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest四）特别状况：(两好多坏，一少老远)g

11、ood/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/illworseworstlittle-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortiet

12、h,ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陈述句确定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)e)Theresacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)否定陈述句a)Thesearenttheirbooks.b)Theydontlooknice.c)KatedoesntgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecantfindherdoll.e)Thereisntacathere.

13、(=Theresnocathere.)2.祈使句确定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)LetslearnEnglish!c)Comein,please.否定祈使句a)Dontbelate.b)Donthurry.3.疑问句1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?b)CanIhelpyou?c)Doesshelikesalad?d)DotheywatchTV?e)Isshereading?确定回答:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.否定回答:a)No,heisnt.b)No,y

14、oucant.c)No,shedoesnt.d)No,theydont.e)No,sheisnt.2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答Itsbig./Itssmall.3)特别疑问句问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressis*.问缘由Wh

15、ydoyouwanttojointheclub?问时间Whatsthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)Itsaquartertotena.m.Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveoclock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Letsgoat7:00.问地方Wheresmybackpack?Itsunderthetable.问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.Whatsyourfavouritecolor?Itsblack.问人物Whosthat?Itsmysister.Whoistheboyinblue?

16、Mybrother.Whoisntatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?问东西Whatsthis/that(inEnglish)?Itsapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.11问姓名Whatsyourauntsname?HernameisHelen./ShesHelen.Whatsyourfirstname?MyfirstnamesBen.Whatsyourfamilyname?Myfamilyna

17、mesSmith.12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13问字母Whatletterisit?ItsbigD/smallf.14问价格Howmucharethesepants?Theyre15dollars.15问电话号码Whatsyourphonenumber?Its576-8349.16问谓语(动作)Whatshedoing?HeswatchingTV.17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?Imateacher.Whatsyourfather?Hesadoctor.三、时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、常常性的或长期性的动作时运用一般现在时，它有：Be

18、动词：Shesaworker.Issheaworker?Sheisntaworker.情态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Icantplaythepiano.行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydontwanttoeatanytomatoes.Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesnthaveawatch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就运用进行时态，结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.I

19、mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?Imnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisntwritingaletter.Theyrelisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyarentlisteningtothepopmusic.扩展阅读：七年级下册英语语法点总结七年级下册英语语法点总结Unit1Wheresyourpenpalfrom?(语法点总结)一短语：1befrom=comefrom来

20、自于-2livein居住在-3onweekends在周末4writetosb=writealettertosb给某人写信；写信给某人5intheworld在世界上inChina在中国6penpal笔友14yearsold14岁favoritesubject最喜爱的科目7theUnitedStates美国theUnitedKingdom英国NewYork纽约8speakEnglish讲英语likeanddislike爱憎9gotothemovies去看电影playsports做运动二重点句式：1Wheresyourpenpalfrom?=Wheredoesyourpenpalfrom/2Wher

21、edoeshelive?3Whatlanguage(s)doeshespeak?4IwantapenpalinChina.5IcanspeakEnglishandalittleFrench.6Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourself.7Canyouwritetomesoon?8Ilikegoingtothemovieswithmyfriendsandplayingsports.三本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1Canada-Canadian-English/French2France-French-French3Japan-Japanese-Japanese4Aust

22、ralia-Australian-English5theUnitedStates-American-English6theUnitedKingdom-British-EnghishUnit1Wheresyourpenpalfrom?(短语句型汇总)一、词组befrom=comeform来自.penpal=penfriend笔友likeanddislike好恶；爱憎livein.在.居住speakEnglish讲英语playsports做体育运动alittleFrench一些法语gotothemovies去看电影anactionmovie一部动作片onweekends在周末Excuseme对不起

23、，打搅getto到达、抵达beginningof在.起先的时候attheendof在.结束的时候arriveat/二、句型（）、Where主+be+主语from?主语be+from+地点.（）、heredo/does+主语live?主语live/livesin（）、hatlanguagedo/does+主语+speak?主语speak/speaks.（）、主语like/likes+doing三、日常交际用语hereisyourpenpalfrom?HesfromChina.heredoesshelive?-ShelivesinTokyo.3DoesshespeakEnglish?Yes,she

24、does/No,shedosent.4Isthatyournewpenpal?Yes,heis/No,eisnt.5Whatlanguagedoesshespeak?ShespeaksEnglish.Unit2Wheresthepostoffice?(语法点总结)一Askingways:(问路)1Whereis(thenearest)？（最近的）在哪里？2Canyoutellmethewayto？你能告知我去的路吗？3HowcanIgetto？我怎样到达呢？4Istherenearhere/intheneighborhood?旁边有吗？5Whichisthewayto？哪条是去的路？二Show

25、ingtheways:（指路）1.Gostraightdown/alongthisstreet.沿着这条街始终走。2.Turnleftatthesecondturning.在其次个路口向左转。3.Youwillfinditonyourright.你会在你右手边发觉它。4.Itisaboutonehundredmetresfromhere.离这里大约一百米远。5.Youdbettertakeabus.你最好坐公交车去。（Youdbetter+动词原形）三词组1.acrossfrom在的对面acrossfromthebank在银行的对面2.nextto紧靠nexttothesupermarket紧

26、靠超市3.betweenand在和之间betweentheparkandthezoo在公园和动物园之间among表示位于三者或三者以上之间4.infrontof在前面Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.课室前面有棵树。inthefrontof在（内）的前部Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。5.behind在后面behindmyhouse在我家后面6.turnleft/right向左/右拐ontheleft/rightof在某物的左/右边ontheleftofourschool在我们学校的左边onone

27、sleft/right在某人的左/右边onmyleft在我左边7.gostraight始终走8.down/along沿着（街道）down/alongCenterStreet沿着中心街9.intheneighborhood=nearhere在旁边10welcometo欢迎来到11.take/haveawalk漫步12.thebeginningof的起先,前端atthebeginningof在的起先,前端inthebeginning起初，一起先13.havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得快乐，过得开心我昨天玩得很快乐。Ihadfunyesterday.Ihadag

28、oodtimeyesterday.Ienjoyedmyselfyesterday.14.haveagoodtrip旅途开心15.takeataxi坐出租车16.到达：getto+地方gethere/there/home到这/那/家arrivein+大地方IarriveinBeijing.arriveat+小地方Iarriveatthebank.reach+地方17goacross从物体表面横过goacrossthestreet横过公路gothrough从空间穿过gothroughtheforest穿过树林18on+街道的名称。Eg:onCenterStreetat+详细门牌号+街道的名称Eg:

29、at6CenterStreet三重难点解析1enjoydoingsth享受做某事的乐趣，宠爱做某事Ienjoyreading.我宠爱读书。到目前为止，我们学了两个特别的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带doing.Ifinishcleaningtheroom.我扫完了这间屋子。2hopetodosth希望做某事Ihopetopassthisexam.我希望通过这次考试。hope+从句Ihopetomorrowwillbefine.我希望明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrowwillbefine是一个从句，它又放在Ihope

30、的后面，形成句中有句。）3.if引导一个表示假设的句子。IfIhavemuchmoney,Iwillgotothemoon.假如我有很多钱，我就会去月球。Ifyouarehungry,youcanbuysomefoodinthesupermarket.假如你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四本单元的反义词、近义词配对1newold2quiet-busy3dirty-clean4big-smallUnit2Wheresthepostoffice(短语句型汇总)一、词组postoffice邮局payphone投币式公用电话nextto在.隔壁acrossfrom在.对面infrontof在.前面

31、betweenand在.和.之间onastreet在街上intheneighborhood在旁边ontheright/left在右边在左边ononesright/left在某人的右边左边turnright/left向右左转takeawalk漫步havefun玩得快乐thewayto去.的路takeataxi打的乘出租车godown(along)沿着.走gothrough.穿过.haveagoodtrip旅途开心二、句型(1)、Isthereabanknearhere?Yes,thereis.ItsonCentreStreet.No,thereisnt.(2)、Wheresthesupermar

32、ket?Itsnexttothelibrary.(3)、BridgeStreetisagoodplacetohavefun.(4)、Ihopeyouhaveagoodtrip.(5)、Ifyouarehungry,youcanbuyfoodintherestaurant.(6)、Talkawalkthoughthepark.(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.Doyouenoy(=like)yourwork?Doyouenjoy(=like)livinginthecity?三、日常交际用语(1)、Istherea.?句型Eg:-Excuseme.Isthereahotelinthen

33、eighborhood.-Yes,thereis.No，thereisnt(2)、Whereis?句型Eg:-Whereisthepark,，please?-Itsbehindthebank.(确定回答)-ImsorryIdontknow.(否定回答)(3)、Whichisthewayto+地点?句型.例如：-Whichisthewaytothelibrary.(4)、HowcanIgetto+地点?句型.例如：-HowcanIgettotherestaurant?(5)、Canyoutellmethewayto+地点？句型.例-Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffic

34、e?(6)、Letmetellyouthewaytomyhouse.(7)、Justgostraightandturnleft.Unit3Whydoyoulikekoalabears?(语法点总结)一重点词组eatgrasseatleavesbequietveryshyverysmartverycuteplaywithherfriendskindofSouthAfricaotheranimalsatnightinthedayeverydayduringtheday二.交际用语1.Whydoyoulikepandas?Becausetheyreveryclever.2.Whydoeshelike

35、koalas?Becausetheyrekindofinteresting.3.Wherearelionsfrom?TheyarefromSouthAfrica.4.Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?Ilikedogs,too.Why?Becausetheyrefriendlyandclever.5.Mollylikestoplaywithherfriendsandeatgrass.6.Shesveryshy.7.HeisfromAustralia.8Hesleepsduringtheday,butatnighthegetsupandeatsleaves.9Heusually

36、sleepsandrelaxes20hourseveryday.10Letsseethepandasfirst.11Theyrekindofinteresting.12Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?13Whydoyouwanttoseethelions?三.重点难点释义1、kindof有点，略微Koalabearsarekindofshy.考拉有点羞涩。kind还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的allkindsofWehaveallkindsofbeautifulflowersinourschool.2、Chinan.中国African.非洲China和Africa都是专出

37、名词，首字母都应当大写，而且和介词in连用。TherearemanykindsoftigersinChina.TherearemanykindsofscaryanimalsinAfrica.3、friendlyadj.友好的，亲善可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，经常和be动词连用,befriendly。ThepeopleinChengduareveryfriendly.4、withprep.跟，同，和在一起Iusuallyplaychesswithmyfather.留意区分与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，假如有I,I通常放在and之后，如：Myfatheran

38、dIusuallyplaychesstogether.Playwith“和一起玩耍”“玩”Ioftenplaywithmypetdog.Dontplaywithwater!5、day和night是一对反义词，day表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。通常说intheday,duringtheday,atnight。Koalabearsoftensleepduringthedayandeatleavesatnight.6、leafn.叶子复数形式为：leaves,类似的改变还有：wifewives,wolfwolves,knifeknives等。7、hourn.小时；点钟hour前边通常加上

39、冠词an表示“一个小时”，即：anhour。Thereare24hoursinadayand60minutesinanhour.8、befrom来自befrom=comefromPandasarefromChina.=PandascomeformChina.9、meatn.（食用的）肉，为不行数名词，表示“很多”时，运用much来修饰，即：muchmeatHeeatsmuchmeateveryday.10、grassn.草，为不行数名词，表示“很多”时，运用much来修饰，即：muchgrass。Thereismuchgrassontheplayground.四.语法学问特别疑问句通常以“wh

40、at”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“howold”、“howmany”等开头，对某一详细问题进行提问。特别疑问句的基本构成有两种状况：1.疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的状况。例如：Whatsyourgrandfatherstelephonenumber?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Whoisthatboywithbigeyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜爱哪个季节？Whenishegoingtoplaythepiano?他什么时候弹钢琴？Wheredoeshelive?他住在哪儿？Howareyo

41、u?你好吗？Howoldareyou?你多大了？Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?你有几个兄弟姐妹？2.疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Whoisondutytoday?今日谁值日？Whichmanisyourteacher?哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的What/Howabout+名词/代词+其他？也是特别疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：IlikeEnglish.What/Howaboutyou?我喜爱英语。你呢？Whataboutplayingbasketball?打篮球怎么样？Unit3Whydoyoulikekoalas?(短语

42、句型汇总)一、词组wanttodosth.想要做某事wantsbtodosth想要某做某事wantsth想要某物Letsbdosth让某人做某事kindof有几分种类akindof一种yearsold年龄如：tenyearsold十岁liketodosth喜爱做某事likedoingsthplaywith与.一起玩bequiet宁静duringtheday在白天atnight在夜间havealookat.看.onetheother一个.另一个.二、句型(1)、-whydoyoulikepandas?你为什么喜爱熊猫？-Becausetheyreverycure.因为它们很可爱。(2)、-Why

43、dosehelikekoalas?他为什么喜爱树袋熊？-Becausetheyarekindofinteresting.因为她们有点好玩。(3)、-Wherearelionsfrom?狮子来自何处？-TheyarefromSouthAfrica.她们来自南非。(4)、-Whatanimalsdoyoulike?你喜爱什么动物？-Ilikeelephants.我喜爱大象。三、日常交际用语(1)、-Letsseethelions.咱们看狮子吧。(2)-Whydoyouwanttoseethelions?你为什么想看狮子？-Becausetheyareverycute.因为它们很可爱。(3)-Doy

44、oulikegiraffes?你喜爱长颈鹿吗？Yes,Ido./No,Idont是的，我喜爱。/不，我不喜爱。(4)-Whatotheranimaldoyoulike?你还喜爱其他什么动物？_Ilikedogs.Too我也喜爱狗。other+名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围theother+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.(5)-Whyareyoulookingatme?你为什么看着我？-Becauseyouareverycute.因你很可爱。(6)-Letusplaygames.Great!咱们玩嬉戏吧。-太棒了。Letmesee.让我看看。Unit4Iwanttobeanactor.(语

45、法点总结)一短语：1wanttodosth想要作某事2givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物/把某物给某人3helpsbdosth帮助某人作某事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherdosomehouseworkathome.4helpsbwithsth帮助某人谋事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherwithsomehouseworkathome5intheday在白天6atnight在晚上7talkwith/tosb和-谈话8bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Eg:Heisbusylisteningtotheteacher.9inahospital在医院l10

46、work/studyhard努力工作11EveningNewspaper晚报二重点句式及留意事项：1询问职业的特别疑问词是what；有三种主要句式What+is/are+sb?What+does/do+sb+do?What+is/are+名词全部格/形容词性物主代词+job?2Peoplegivemetheirmoneyorgettheirmoneyfromme.3SometimesIworkinthedayandsometimesatnight.4Iliketalkingtopeople.5Iworklate.Imverybusywhenpeoplegoouttodinners.6Where

47、doesyoursisterwork?7thenwehaveajobforyouasawaiter.8Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?Thencomeandworkforusasareporter.9Doyouliketoworkeveningsandweekends?10Weareaninternationalschoolforchildrenof5-12.三本单元中的名词复数。1policeman-policemen2womandoctor-womendoctors3thief-thievesUnit4Iwanttobeanactor.(短语句型汇总)一、词组wanttobe+职业想要成为。shopassistant店员bankclerk银行职员workwith与。一起工作wor