高中英语语法：主谓一致.ppt

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1、 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即、和和原则。原则。 一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。数形式上保持一致。1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用

2、复数形式。语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：如：His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 由由what引导的主语从句引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数

3、或what从句从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。词用复数形式。如：如：What I bought were three English books. What I say and do is （are） helpful to you. 2. 由连接词由连接词and或或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：如：Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the gir

4、l were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. （1）若）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：如：The writer and artist has come. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. （2）由）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，

5、each， every （3）more than a （an）/one ， many a （an）修饰时，其修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。谓语动词要用单数形式。如：如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， in

6、cluding等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She， like you and Tom， is very tall. 4. either， neither， each， every 或或no +单数名词单数名词和由和由some， any， no， every构成的

7、复合不定代词，构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。都作单数看待。如：如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. （1）在口语中当）在口语中当either或或neither后跟有后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。也可用复数。如：如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. （2）若）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的语动

8、词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：如：None of us has （have） been to America.5. 在定语从句时，关系代词在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集

9、体，它的谓语动词用如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有形式。这些词有family, class, crowd,committee, population,audience等。等。如：如：Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复等名词一般都用作复数。数。如：如：The police are looking f

10、or the lost child.7. 由由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词名词”构成的短语以及由构成的短语以及由“分数或百分分数或百分数数+名词名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our

11、class are girls. a number of“许多许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；谓语用复数；the number of“的数量的数量”，主语是，主语是number，谓语用单数。，谓语用单数。8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：如：There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 二、逻辑意义一致原则二、逻辑意义一致原则 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的

12、意义一致逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。但意义为单数）。1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：如：Which is your bag？ Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示表示“时间、重量、长度、价值时间、重量、长度、价值

13、”等的名词的复数作主等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。概念上是一个整体。如：如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 4. 表数量的短语表数量的短语“one and a hal

14、f”后接复数名词作主后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。如：如：One and a half apples is left on the table. 5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以

15、及以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。式。如：如：The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等词作主语时，等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。时

16、，谓语动词用单数。如：如：My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠词定冠词the + 形容词或分词形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用数。，表示某一类人时，动词用数。 9.aircraft，deer ， fish ，means ，species ，series ，works ，sheep 作主语时根据意义决定作主语时根据意义决定如：如：The sheep is big. The sheep are eating grass.11.a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词修

17、饰可数或不可数名词, 其其短语作主语时短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。如：如：A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities一般用复数。一般用复数。如如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短语短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为意为 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。10.population作主语时，谓语用单数，当涉作主语时，谓语用单数，当涉及人口组成时，用复数及人口组成时，用复数。 1

18、2. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓谓语动词通常用复数。语动词通常用复数。如如: A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.三、就近一致原则三、就近一致原

19、则 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由当两个主语由either or， neither nor， whether or ， not only but also连接时，连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right？ 2. the

20、re be句型句型的的be动词动词单复数取决于其后的主语。单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。那个主语保持一致。如：如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here引导的句子用法同上。引导的句子用法同上。如：如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. 1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

21、 （2010 湖南卷）湖南卷） A. is B. are C. has D. have答案：答案：C解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，两项，根据主语与根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除的主动关系，排除A项。项。高考解析高考解析2. Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read, of whose works，however, some_ difficult to understand. （2010 四川卷）四川卷） A. are；are B. is；is C.

22、 are；is D. is：are答案：答案：A 解析：主句中的主语应为解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是，谓语动词也应是复数。故选复数。故选A。3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. （2010 全国全国卷卷） A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn答案：答案：B解析：首先解析

23、：首先the only one of 为先行词时，为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是定语从句修饰的是one，即，即one是主语，而非是主语，而非后面的复数后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，。另外，从从is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除要用一般现在时，排除C，故选，故选A。1. Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A. was B. were C. has been D. have be

24、en2. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come3. Everything, including the clothes, _ stolen that evening. A. is B. was C. are D. wereAABChoose the best answers.4. No one except my parents _ anything about this. A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known5.

25、The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading6. All but one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed ABB7. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. are B. is C. am D. be8. Neither my wife nor I my

26、self _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be9. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A. is B. are C. am D. be10. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. beBCBB11. The e

27、lderly who lost their children in the war _ good care of in the village now. A. has been taken B. were taken C. have been taken D. will be taken12. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered13. When and where to build the

28、 new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided CAA14. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were15. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part

29、in daily communication. A . is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 16. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areCCA17. No one but her parents _ it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing18.

30、The results of the examination _that you have all made great _ . A. show; progress B. shows; progress C. show; progresses D. shows; progresses19. Here _ a new pair of shoes for you. A. is B are C. have D. hasBAA20. How _ your family? Very well, thank you. A. is B. are C. was D. were21. It is said th

31、at the girl and her brother _ from Africa. A. has come B. comes C. come D. had come22. The team _ so large that there are not enough gifts for all members. A. is B. are C. was D. were23. “If anybody _ to buy the book, please put down _ name,” said the mother to her sons. A. wants; his B. want; their C. will buy; his D. wants; theirBCAA