2022年新概念英语第一册语法总结 .pdf

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1、新概念英语第一册语法总结上 八种时态 一时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有 be 动词的句子He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. 变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students? 变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not He is not a te

2、acher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页Yes, they are. No, they are not. 不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes

3、bones. 变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型Does he like books? Does she like him? Does the dog like bones? 变否认句在主语及动词之间加doesnt, 动词变为原型He doesnt like books. She doesnt like him. The dog doesn t like bones. 肯定答复及否认答复：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. Yes, she does. No, she doesnt Yes, it does. No, it doesnt. 注意：第三人称单数形式一般

4、在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. 变疑问句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath? Do we have any meat? Do the students like smart teachers? 变否认句在主语和动词之间加dont. You

5、dont want to have a bath. We don t have any meat. The students dont like smart teachers. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I do. No, I dont. Yes, we do. No, we dont Yes, they do. No, they dont. 2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语 be 动词动词的现在分词其它成分现在分词的构成见附录We are having lunch. He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat.

6、 The boys are swimming across the river. 变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页Are we having lunch? Is he reading a book? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? 变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not We are not having lunch. He is not reading a book. Th

7、e dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. 特殊疑问句： what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? ( 必背) 没有进行时的动词表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉，感官的词see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3. 一般

8、过去时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页表示过去发生的动作或事件， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用， 如 yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为 was，are 的过去式为 wereI was at the butchers. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ag

9、o. 变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers? Were you a student a year ago? Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? 变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not at the butchers. You were not a student a year ago. The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. 肯定答复否认答复Yes, I was. No, I was not. Yes, you wer

10、e. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. 特殊疑问句：What did you do? ( 必背) 不含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant. The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. King Street a y

11、ear ago. 变疑问句在句首加did ，动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday? Did the boy go to a restaurant? Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago? King Street a year ago? 变否认句在主语和动词之间加did not I did not finish my homework yesterday. The boy did not go to a restaurant. The Sawyers did not live at Kin

12、g Street a year ago. King Street a year ago. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I did. No, I didnt. Yes, he did. No, he didnt. Yes, they did. No, they did not. 4. 现在完成时构成：主语 +助动词 have, has+ 过去分词用法：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since 等时间副词连用I have

13、 just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了 ) He has had a cup of tea.不渴了，不用再喝They have already had their holiday. 不能再度假了The boy has already read the book. 已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework? Have you been to Beijing? Have he seen the film? 3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing

14、 for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year. 4) 表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情I have never had a bath. I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris. Have been to表示去过， have gone to表示去了I have been to London.(人已经回来 ) He has gone to London.人还在那里5) 表示一种结果，一般

15、不和时间副词联用精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 22 页I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher. She has broken my heart. 句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后面加not. e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I have. No, I have not. 特殊疑问句：What have you

16、done? What has he done? 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I ve left Beijing for 3 days. 对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days. 5. 一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in fiv

17、e hours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用结构： 主语+助动词 will+ 动词原形精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 22 页I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning. 变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow? Will the pilo

18、t fly to Japan the month after the next? Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 变否认句在助动词后面加not I will not go to America tomorrow. The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I will. No, I will not. Yes, h

19、e/she will. No, he/she will not. Yes, he will. No, he will not. 特殊疑问句：What will you do? 6. 过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构： had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping. They had sold the car before I asked the price. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共

20、22 页The train had left before I arrived at the station. After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework? 变否认句在助动词后面加not She hadnt finished her homework. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, she had. No, she hadnt. 特殊疑问句：What had she done? 7. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作, 经常用在 when, while, as引导

21、的状语从句中。结构： was/were+doing When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor. While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV. 8 过去将来时结构： would do She said she would go here the next morning. 新概念英语第一册语法总结中 句型和词 二特殊句型： there be句型， be going to结构精选学习资

22、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 22 页1. Be going to结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语 +be动词+going to +动词原型I am going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase? Are they going to paint it

23、? Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter? 变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not I am not going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not. 特殊

24、疑问句What are you going to do? What are they going to do? What is the father going to do? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 22 页( 必背) 2. There be句型表示哪里有什么东西 ( 某处有某物 ) There is 单数名词表示场所的词一般为介词词组There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the table There are 复数名词表示场所的词一般为介词词组Ther

25、e are two pens on the table. There are three schools there. 变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Is there a book in this room? Are there two pens on the table? 变否认句在动词后面加not There is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not.

26、三问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否认疑问句2一般疑问句 : 助动词 /be 动词+主语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 22 页Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea? 2特殊疑问句 : 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句What is your name? 2选择疑问句 : or Do you want beef or lamb? 2反意疑问句 : 肯定陈述句 +否认疑问部分，否认陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You dont need

27、that pen, do you? 2否认疑问句 : 一般疑问句 +否认词Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest? 四冠词用法： a/an/the的一般用法详细见笔记五限定词： some, any, many, much2some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句， any 用于否认句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定答复时用some 2 many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用 a lot of, 在否认句中表示很多用many, much. I have a lo

28、t of money. I dont have much money. 六名词：种类，复数，名词所有格1名词分为可数名词和不可数名词2不可数名词无法分开的东西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice米抽象的东西： love, beauty, coldness寒冷不可数名词有以下特点：l. 不能用 a, an 修饰精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 22 页2. 不能加 s 3. 和单数 be 动词或动词搭配2可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s, 名词复数共有以下几种变化：

29、规则变化的名词复数形式规则 1 一般情况 +s e.g. shellshells bookbooks 规则 2 以 s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxes church churches, busbuses, watch watches 规则 3 以 o 结尾+s 或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, hero heroes, tomatotomatoes，口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，剩下一般加s, radioradios 规则 4 以 f, fe结尾的，变 f, fe为 ves e.g. lifelives half ha

30、lves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives 规则 5 以辅音字母 +y 结尾, 变 y 为 i+es e.g. skyskies flyflies 不规则变化的名词复数形式单数man woman foot goose tooth 复数men women feet geese teeth 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 22 页单数child sheep deer mouse fish 复数children sheep deer mice fish 七介词 ( 注意总结书上词组 )

31、八副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化u 副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：The book is very good. He runs fast. She came here quite early. Certainly I will go with you. u 变化：1直接在形容词后加 -ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly, 2以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词，把y 变 I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily 3有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast, hard, late 4有些词加上 -ly 后

32、意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately, 九情态动词的使用： can, must, may, might, need,1情态动词 can能够 , must 必须 , may 可以结构：主语 +can/must/may+动词原型精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 22 页He can make the tea. Sally can air the room. We can speak English. 变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?

33、 Can Sally air the room? Can we speak English? 变否认句在情态动词后面加not He cannot make the tea. Sally cannot air the room. We cannot speak English. 肯定答复及否认答复Yes, he can. No, he cannot. Yes, she can. No, she cannot. Yes, we can. No, we cannot. 特殊疑问句：What can you do? ( 必背) 注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加 S

34、。2Must/have to的区别must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to 是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 22 页must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态3must, may, might表示猜测：must do 表示对现在事实的猜测must have done 表示对过去事实的猜测must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测may/might do, may/might have done表示没有

35、任何事实依据的猜测，might 的可能性更小。cant/couldn t 表示不可能4need 用法：表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I dont. I need to have a rest. u Need doing=need to be done，表示被动The flowers need watering. Need在否认时做情态动词使用You neednt go so early. =You dont need to go so early. Must I clean the de

36、sk right now? No, you neednt. 十不定代词及不定副词：Someanynoeverythingsomething anything nothing everything onesomeone anyone anything everyone wheresomewhere anywhere anywhere everywhere bodysomebody anybody nobody everybody 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 22 页I looked for my book every

37、where, but I cant find it anywhere. If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up. Help! Somebody? Anybody? You are really something. Since everybody is here, lets begin our class. Where did you go? I went nowhere. Nobody is at home. I have nothing left. 新概念英语第一册语法总结下 句型和语法 十

38、一 感慨句：What +名词+主语+谓语What a beautiful girl she is!How + 形容词 +主语+谓语How beautiful the girl is!十二祈使句：第二人称：let+ 其他人称代词祈使句的否认，加dont反意疑问祈使句第二人称精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 22 页祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。肯定句动词原型例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. S

39、tand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否认： Dont+ 动词原型Dont come here.Don t sit down.Don t stand up.Don t give me it.let sb. doLet me pass.Let us have a rest.Let s have a rest.( 反意疑问 ) ：Let s have a walk along the

40、river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?十三倒装句： so/neither的倒装 eg.He can swim. So can I.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 22 页I didn t go to class. Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+ 主语so/neither+助动词+ 主语so/neither+情态动词 + 主语一般现在时 , do, does/am, is, are现在进行时 , am, is, are一般过

41、去时 , did现在完成时 , have, has一般将来时 , will, shall,过去进行时， was, were过去完成时， had过去将来时 , would十四直接引语 / 间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 22 页be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-

42、might时间地点及指示词的变化：herethere, tomorrowthe next day, the following day, thisthat 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。十五直接宾语 / 间接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象， 间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。 所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.me间接宾语 , a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to 或 for主语及物动词直接宾语介词+间接宾语Give me a boo

43、k.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.Show the new dress to him.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 22 页十六从句：宾语从句， 定语从句限定性，表语从句， 状语从句if引导的真实条件句宾语从句：如果宾语从句的主句中的动词为过去时，那么宾语从句中的时态要和主句统一；如果宾语从句为疑问词引导，那么语序要用陈述语序，即主语在前，动词在后。定语从句：表语从句：状语从句 if

44、引导的真实条件句：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时What will you do if you win a lot of money?If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.十七 动词不定式做宾语及宾语补语的用法( 详细用法请见 NECII)结构： to do,用法： 可以做除谓语以外的所有成分，语法上称之为非谓语动词。做宾语： 在一些动词后常用不定式做宾语，例如：want, like, ask ,try做宾补： want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 22 页