2022年新版八年级英语下册第一至第五单元知识点总结 .pdf

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1、知识点大全34. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。【解析 1】as a result 结果（插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）Don t ask him too late into the night, _As a result_ , he is only a small child.【解析 2】fall ill 生病fall asleep 入睡35 .The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for thei

2、r future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。【解析】 the + 比较级，the + 比较级“ 越. 越. ”The more you smile, the _ happier_ you will feel. Unit 4 Why don t you talk to your parents?一、基础知识1. Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？【解析】 Why dont you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不 .呢？【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：(1)What about doing st

3、h ?=How about doing sth? . 怎么样？(2)Why don t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？(3)Let s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth? 我们做 好吗？(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做 /不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做 好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？(8)Would you mind doing sth ？你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的

4、建议时，一般用： Good idea./ That s good idea. 好主意OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ I d love to 是的 / 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用： I don t think so 我认为不是这样Sorry, I can t 对不起，我不能I d love to, but I m afrai

5、d我愿意，但恐怕 2.I have to study too much so I don t get enough sleep.我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。【解析 1】(1)too many + 复数名词许多too many people (2)too much +不可数名词许多too much homework (3)much too +形容词太 much too cold【解析 2】so conj. 因此精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 24 页知识点大全(表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使

6、用）3. My parents don t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。【解析】 allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事【拓展】 allow v 允许allow doing sth 允许做某事They don t allow smoking.allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch T V. be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事【拓展】 allow 与 let 的辨析：allow 指“ 允许 ” ，表示 “

7、 默许，听任，不加阻止” ，allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。Let 指“ 让” ，let sb do sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let 不能用于被动语态。4. What s wrong? 怎么啦？【解析】 What s wro ng( with sb./ sth) （某人 /物）怎么了？5. I m really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。【解析】 until 直到 .时6. Why don t you go to sleep earli

8、er this evening?今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢？【解析】 go to sleep 去睡觉(强调 “ 入睡，睡着 ” 这一动作）7. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。【解析】 look 看起来（系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静二保持： stay/keep （表示持续状态）stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康三变化： become/get/turn （表示状态变化）五起来： sound/look/smell/tast

9、e/feel （表示感觉）8. You _ call him up. 你 _ 给他打电话。【解析】 call up (v + adv) call on 拜访；号召I call up my parents every Sunday. 9.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。【解析 1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class. 类似动词： hear，wa

10、tch, see, feel 【解析 2】look through 浏览【拓展】与look 相关的短语：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through look out look up look around look forward to 10. Yes, but Im still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。【解析】 be angry with sb. 生某人的气精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

11、 -第 2 页，共 24 页知识点大全【拓展】 angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with 后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth 对某事感到生气【at 后接事】(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气11.Although she s wrong, It s not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。【解析 1】although= though 尽管, 用来引导让步状语从句。【注】 though / although 不能与

12、but 连用【拓展】 although/however 辨析although conj，“ 虽然；即使；纵然” ，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。 however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首或句中，意为“ 然而，尽管如此” 。It s raining hard, However, I think we should go out.雨下的很大。尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。【解析 2】It s not a big

13、 deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。【解析】 leave v 遗忘，留下leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。【解析 1】hope v 希望hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句（表示希望）I hope that you ll be better soonwish v 希望wish

14、to do sth I wish to visit Guilin. wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事I wish you to go. wish +that 从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气I wish I were you. 【解析 2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly 等词，表明产生的结果如何。work out 13.My problem is I can t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。【解析】 get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好=get along

15、 with 计算出（答案、数量、价格等）The math problem is too difficult for me to work out 制定出（计划等）I have worked out a new way of doing it. 解决；找出 的答案The government has many problems to work out. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 24 页知识点大全get on well/ badly with 相处的好 /坏14.When they argue,it s like a

16、 big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。【解析 1】argue 争吵 argument n 争论have an argument with sb.与某人辩论argue with sb. 与某人争吵argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵argue about sth 争论某事argue against 争辩；反对He argued against the plan 【解析 2】 hang over 挂在 .之上；悬浮在 .之上hang out 闲逛；常去某处He likes rea

17、ding and he often hangs out in the bookshop. hang on to 紧紧抓住You d better hang on to me in the crowd.hang up 挂电话；悬挂After she finished her conversation 15.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. 【解析】 elder adj.年纪较长的His elder brother is ill. elder 用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语older 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以

18、用作表语，是old 的比较级形式。【解析 2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好be friendly to sb. be good to sb. 16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。【解析】 refuse=say no to v 拒绝refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事【2013 浙江宁波】 74. He invited her to his birthday party but she _( 拒绝 ). 17.Instead he watches whateve

19、r he wants until late at night. 相反，他却想看什么酒看什么，一直到深夜。【解析 1】 instead 代替，反而，替(1) instead 副词，代替， 常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead. 李病了，所以我去了。(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。She wrote to him instead of calling him .=She didn t call him. S

20、he wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。18.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help.如果你的父母有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。【解析】offer to do sth 主动提出做某事【拓展】 offer v 主动给予精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 24 页知识点大全(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给

21、某人某物19.Secondly ,why don t you sit down and communicate with your brother? 其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢？【解析 1】secondly adv.第二；其次【解析 2】communicate v交流communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流20.You should explain that you don t mind him watching TV all the time.你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。【解析】 explain 解释；说明

22、explanation n 解释；说明explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。explain to sb sth给某人解释某事21. Im worried about my school grades. 我很胆小我的学习成绩。【解析】be worried about sth. 担心某事【拓展】 worry v 担心 worried adj. 焦急的worry about = be worried about 为 担心22.My cousin borrows my things without returning them. 我堂弟借我东西没有还我。【解析】 return v 归还

23、 =give back return . to . = give back to . 把.还给 . v 回来；返回= come back 23.My parents give me a lot of presure about school. 我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。【解析】 press v 按；压pressure 压力不可数名词（物理学）压力air pressure 气压blood pressure 血压不可数名词还可指精神上、外界施加的压力= stress under pressure 在压力下24.I have to compete with my classmates at sc

24、hool. 在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。【解析】 compete v竞争；对抗 competition n 竞争compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与 竞争compete for 为 参加比赛25.You should all be _ each other to improve. 你们都应该互相_ 而全面发展。【解析】 improve =make . better 改进improvement n 提高26.Who gives their opinions about the problem? 对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。【解

25、析】 opinion n 意见；想法；看法in one s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。27.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes . 目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 24 页知识

26、点大全因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。【解析】 some time /sometime/some times/sometimes 【口诀】：分开是一段，合起是某时；分开 s 是倍次，合起s是有时(1) some time 一段时间，做时间状语It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，(3) some times 名词词组， “ 几次，几倍 ”Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer. (4)sometimes=at times 有时（一般现在时的

27、标志词）28. Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. 其他人正在练习体育运动，这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。【解析】others pron.“ 其他的人或事物”29.The Taylors are a typical American family. 泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。【解析 1】 The Taylors 泰勒一家。 在姓氏的复数前加冠词the 表示 “ 全家人或夫妻两人” ，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。【解析】 typical 典型的be typical of “是 的特点 ”30. Mayb

28、e I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children s future.或许我可以减少他们的一些活动，但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。【解析】 cut out 删除；删去(v+adv) You d better cut out that sentence.cut up 切碎cut down 砍到cut in 插队cut off 切断（水、电）供应31. I really want them to be successful . 我

29、真的很想他们成功。【解析】 successful 成功的【拓展】succeed v 成功，达到success n成功 successful adj 成功的 successfully adv成功地succeed in doing sth 32.It s time for homework.该写作业了。【解析】 It s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。It s time for lunch.It s time to do sth It s time to go to school.33. In some families, competition starts very young

30、 and continues until the kids get older. 在有些家庭，竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了，一直持续到他们长大。【解析】 continue 继续；持续【拓展】 continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事 (前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）【拓展】 continue， go on, last辨析continue v.继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。He continue the w

31、ork for two days. 他连续两天都在做这项工作。 go on 指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 24 页知识点大全go on to do sth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事；go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons. 做完家庭作业之后，他继续去预习他的研究。last v.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某

32、一动作要延续一段时间。She won t last long in that job. 那个工作她做不了多久。34.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。【解析 1】send sent sent v 发送【短语】： send away 赶走send for 派人去请send off 寄出send out 分发send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物【注】类似的动词有：show (展示；给 看 ) give (给 ) lend (

33、借出 ) offer（提供）return （归还）tell （ 告诉）【解析 2】all kinds of 各种各样的【拓展】 kind (1) n 种类kind of +adj. 有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷a kind of 一种的，某种的all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的What kind of?那种(2) adj. 友好的be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好【辨析】 kind of 与 kinds of: 1 kind of 单独用，表示“ 有

34、点 ” ，后接形容词或副词：He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦 ” I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿 ”Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。2 若 kind of 前有 a, this, that, what 等，译为 “ 种，种类 ” 后加名词。That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答。What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动？35.Kids should have time to rela

35、x and think for themselves, too. 孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。【解析】 have time to do sth 有时间做某事36. And they are always comparing them with other children. 她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。【解析】 compare A with B 将 A 和 B 比较(1)compare with 把 与 .做比较(2) compare to 把 .比做 37. Doctors say too much pressure is not good fora child s dev

36、elopment.医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展。【解析 1】be good for 对.有好处【拓展】 good ( better ; best) adj. 好的 goodness n 好处；善行；美德be good for 对. 有益处（反）be bad for 对 有害处精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 24 页知识点大全be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好

37、【解析 2】development n. 发展38.Dr. Alice Green says all these activities can causea lot of stress for children. 爱丽丝 . 格林医生说所有的这些活动可能给孩子们带来很多压力。【解析】cause v. 造成，使发生(1) cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事(2) cause sb. for sb. 给某人添麻烦【拓展】cause, reason, excuse 辨析cause n.原因，指引起某种结果的“ 原因 ” ，后接介词of. The cause of the accid

38、ent was the fact that he was driving too fast. 事故的原因是他开车开的太快。reason n.理由，原因，指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn t want to miss an important meeting.他开车如此快的原因是他不想错过一个重要的会议。excuse n.辩解，借口，指对某种行为所做的解释，可以是真的，也可以是托词。He made a good excuse for his driving. 他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。3

39、9. .In my opinion, it is important for children/ parents to . 我认为，对于孩子们 /父母来说， . 是重要的。【解析】 in one s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来40. Perhaps children/ parents should / could . 或许孩子们 /父母应该 / 可能 . 【解析】 perhaps 也许；可能【拓展】 perhaps，probably， possibly，maybe 辨析perhaps 意为 “ 也许，可能 ” ，一般指比较小的可能性。Perhaps I will see him

40、the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure. 也许我后天去看他，不过我不能确定。probably“ 很可能，大概” ，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。He will probably refuse the offer. 他很可能会拒绝这份提议。possibly 意为 “ 可能，或许，也许” ，可能性较大。I ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow. 我今天要见你，不过也可能是明天。maybe “或许，大概 ” ，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比perhaps 轻。Maybe you put the

41、letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。41. It s crazy. 这是疯狂的。【解析】 crazy. adj. 不理智的；疯狂的(在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语) be crazy about 对 着迷；热衷于 I m crazy about football.42. Does Cathy Taylor think it s important for kids to join after-school activities? 凯西 . 泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗？【解析】 It s + adj.(easy,difficult,import

42、ant,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth 【注】若形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy ,difficult, hard ,important 等，须用介词for 【形容物，用for】It s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.【注】若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如：good ,kind ,nice, wrong 等，用介词of。【形容人用of】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 24 页知识点大全43. keep on hap

43、pening 持续发生【解析】 keep on doing 继续做某事keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事keep up with 跟上keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事keep away from 避开Mr. Li kept _(work) here for nearly 30 years. 二、重点语法1. 情态动词should 与 could 的用法should的用法should 为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“ 应该 ” ，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldnt。Maybe she should

44、 say sorry to you. 也许她应该跟你说声对不起。could的用法情态动词could 既是 can 的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldnt。My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty. 我的祖父甚至到了80 岁任然能很好地驾车。2.状语从句状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、 条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。1).until 引导的时间状语从句until 意为

45、 “ 直到；在 .之前 ” 。注意 until 和 not.until 在用法上的区别。Until ：在带有till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句里如果主句用肯定式，其含义是 “ 一直到 时” ，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“ 直到 才 ”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。The young man read till the light went out. Let s wait until the rain stops.We won t start until Bob comeDon t get off until the bus stops.Continue in t

46、his direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。I didn t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。2).so that 引导的目的状语从句so that是连词，意为“ 为的是，以便” ，引导目的状语从句。注意 so that, in order that 和 in order to 在用法上的区别。Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later. 让我记下你的号码，为的是以

47、后好打电话给你。3). although 引导的状语从句although 的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然） ，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still 等词连用。 Although the book was old, we decided to buy it. 尽管这本书很旧，我们还是决定买。Although he was tired, he went on working. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 24 页知识点大全Although

48、he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已，却赢得了头等奖。Unit5 What were you doing wneh the rainstorm came? 一.基础知识讲解. 1. What were people doing yesterday at the time o f the rainstorm? 昨天当暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做些什么？【解析 1】过去进行时过去进行时态 .用法：过去某个时间正在发生的动作He was cooking at six last ni

49、ght. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。过去某段时间正在发生的动作I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从 3 月到 5 月，我一直呆在这里。 .与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday / 或有 when the teacher came in/ while he was reading 的提示过去进行时的构成：waswere +现在分词 过去进行时的四个基本句型肯定句He was cooking at six las

50、t night. 否定句He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句Was he cooking at six last night? 两回答Yes ,he was. No, he wasn t.特殊疑问句What was he doing at six last night? 过去进行时的固定句型Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。Jim came