2022年新牛津译林版8Bunit4知识点 .pdf

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1、 8Bunit 4 A good read 一短语归纳1do with 处理 2 give sth. to sb.给某人某物3be interested in 对感兴趣 4in ones spare time 在某人空闲时间5be tired out 筋疲力尽 6by the time 到的时候7fall down 倒下 8.wake up 醒来9stand up站起来，起立 10. look down 向下看11.all over 遍及 12. shout at sb朝某人喊13 talk to sb.和某人交谈 14. run away 逃跑15 hand in 上交 16so far 到

2、目前为止17 fall over 摔倒 18at first 起初19 ask for 请求（给予） 20. by the way 顺便问一下21.on time 准时 22in the future 将来23 at a time 每次 24. low long 多长时间，多久25 for example 例如 26.look for 寻找27 the same as和一样 28an army of 一大群29. and so on等等 30. less than 不到，少于31. more than 超过，多于 32open up 开启，开创33 publishing house 出版社 3

3、4translate. . . Into. .把译成35 be tied to the ground 被捆绑到地上 36sharewith. . . 与分享37 get away 离开 38. different types of 不同类型的二重要句型1Have you decided what to do with these books,Hobo? (1) what to do with these books 是“疑问词 +不定式”结构。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页不定式可以和疑问代词who , what

4、 , which 及疑问副词when,how,where 连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中，担当主语，宾语，表语等成分。 What to do is a big problem.( 做主语 ) I know how to pronounce the word. （作宾语） Can you tell me how to get to the post office? （作宾语补足语） The question is where to buy the dictionary. （作表语）(2)do with ：在问句中多和what 连用，常译作“处理，安排，容忍，与相处”等。如： What shall

5、 I do with it? 我该怎样处置它呢？拓展） deal with 在问句中多和how 连用，其基本意思有“应付，处理，论述，涉及”等。如： Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道，还治其人之身。2.I didn t know you liked books!我原来不知道你喜欢书！这是一个含有宾语从句(you liked books) 的主从复合句。宾语从句，就是用一个句子来充当宾语，放在谓语动词的后面。宾语从句要注意以下几个问题：(1)引导词：当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导， that常可省略。 eg: I know that t

6、he boy is from Japan. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if 或 whether 引导。 eg: I want to know if he will come back tomorrow. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，用疑问词引导 eg:He didnt know when his mother was born. (2)语序：宾语从句一定要用陈述句的语序。你能告诉我他昨晚待在哪里吗？(,/)Can you tell me where he stayed last night? (X)Can you tell me where did he stay last night? (3

7、)时态：当主句是现在时时，从句用所需的任何时态；当主句是过去时时，从句用过去时态的某种形式。Eg:He said he was playing games at that time. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时，用现在时态。Eg:Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 3. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. reach此处用作及物动词，意

8、为“接触，拿到”。【拓展】 reach作及物动词，还意为“到达，抵达”，后面跟表示地点的名词。Eg:They reached London last night. 4. The Hunchback of Notre Dame by the French writer Victor Hugo is great. 法国作家维克多，雨果的巴黎圣母院很棒。French 此处用作形容词，意为“法国的，法国人的”。Eg:Do you like French bread? 【拓展】French 作不可数名词，意为“法语”。My uncle can speak French. Frenchman 可数名词，意

9、为“法国人，法国男人”，复数形式为Frenchmen; Frenchwornan“法国女人”，复数形式为Frenchwomen。France 名词，意为“法国”。5. The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me.丑男人卡西莫多的故事确实触动了我。touched 是动词 touch 的过去式。此处用作及物动词，意为“触动，感动”，在语气上比move 要弱一些 . Eg:The brave mother touched everyone. 6. After our ship crashed against the rocks,I sw

10、am as far as I could.当我们的船撞到礁石损坏之后，我奋力前游。(1)crash(crashed，crashed)用作不及物动词，意为“碰撞，倒下，坠落，（飞机）坠毁”。The plane crashed in the mountains那架飞机在山中坠毁了。(2)against 介词，意为“紧靠，碰，撞”。The rain beat against the windows. 雨点打在窗户上。My bike hit against a tree 我的自行车撞到了一棵树上。be against反对；违背 It is quite against the school rules.

11、 这完全违反校规。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页(3) as. . . as one can/could表示“尽某人所能”，相当于asas possible. Please come as early as you can. =Please come as early as possible 7.By the time I finally felt the land under my feet,I was tired out.等到我终于感觉到脚下的陆地时，我已筋拔力尽。（1）by the time 意为“到时为止

12、”，引导时间状语从句。 By the time I came in,Tom had written his name on the blackboard. （2） be tired out 意为“筋疲力尽”。 I was tired out when we got back from the long climb. 【拓展】 be tired of 意为“对感到厌烦，厌倦”。 Kitty was tired of eggs 基蒂厌倦了吃鸡蛋。8.I woke up as the sun was rising当太阳升起时我醒了过来（1） wake up” 醒来”，在此用作不及物动词短语，此时后面

13、不加宾语；还可用作及物动词短语，后可跟宾语，意为“把叫醒”，若宾语为代词，则要放在wake 和 up 中间。Eg:I usually wake up at six in the morning. Mum,will you please wake me up earlier tomorrow morning? （2）as连词，意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 As time goes on，he knows his students.随着时间的推移，他了解了他的学生。（3） rise(rose， nsen，rising) 不及物动词，意为“升起，上升”。Eg:The water in the

14、 river rose after the heavy rain. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. raise 及物动词意为“提高，筹集，抬起，举起”Eg:The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions. The workers want the boss to raise their wages. We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family. 9.My arms,legs an

15、d hair were tied to the ground! 句中的 tie(tied，tied，tying) 用作及物动词，意为“捆，绑，系”。tieto意为“把系拴到上”。be tied to 是它的被动语态，意为“被捆拴到上”。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页Please tie the tree to the stick to keep it straight. 请把树绑到木棍上，使树直立。The dog was tied to the tree狗被拴到了树上。【拓展】 tie 还可用作可数名词，意为“领

16、带，带子”。 He is wearing a blue tie. 他打着一条蓝领带。10.It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它向上爬过我的腹部和脖子，直到站在我的脸附近。until 用作连词，意为“直到为止，其主要用法有：(1)与延续性动词连用时，表示“直到”，动词用肯定形式，指主句的动作一直持续到until 后的动作发生为止。We walked until it got dark. 我们一直走到天黑。Go straight on until you come to the white

17、 building.继续走，直到你来到那座白色的楼前。（2）notuntil 意为“直到才”The little girl didn t stop crying until she saw her mother. 那小女孩直到看到她妈妈才不哭了。【拓展】 until 也可作介词，意为“直到为止”。 We talked until 10 0 clock.我们一直谈到10 点钟。11.He was the same size as my little finger!他不过就我小手指那么点大！the same size as 意为“和一样尺寸，与一样大小”。My mother s shoes are

18、 the same size as mine 我妈妈的鞋和我的鞋号码相同。【拓展】 the same as意为“和一样”。My uniform is the same as Simon s.我的校服与西蒙的（校服）相同。the sameas，一意为“和一样“翻译：我的外套和你的颜色相同。_ 12.There were around 40 0f them.有大约 40 个。around 既可作介词，又可作副词。具体用法: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页(1)介词，意为“大约”，相当于about。 My uncle

19、and aunt arrived at around 10 o clock. (2)介词，意为“遍及，在四周”。 There are many trees around the house. (3)副词，意为“在周围，到处，四周”。 I looked around, but saw nothing. 13.I shouted at them-the loud noise made them all fall over. (1) shout at 意为“冲大喊大叫” eg: Don t shout at others. It is impolite. (2)辨析： noise，voice 与 s

20、ound (3)make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,省略 to 的动词不定式在make后作宾语补足语。【拓展】除省略to 的动词不定式外，形容词、名词等也可在make后作宾语补足语。 Light music makes me happy. (2013 .重庆 )He lost his key.It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wife s return. A.to stay B stayed C stays DStay (4)fall over 意为“摔倒”。 He fell over when he was skating. 他

21、溜冰的时候摔倒了。【拓展】fall off 意为“（从上）捧下” The boy fell off the tree yesterday. fall down 意为“摔倒；落下；倒塌”。fall behind 意为“落后”。如果你学习不努力，你会落在同学后面._ 14. However,they soon got up again and continued moving across my body. 然而，他们很快又爬了起来，继续在我的身体上走动。Continue 此处用作及物动词，意为“继续”。continue doing sth. 表示“继续做某事” ,contmue 后也可跟动词不定

22、式，continue to do sth.也表示“继续做某事”。15. One of these small men began talking to me”one of+复数名词代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Eg：One of my hobbies is playing basketball. 【拓展】 one of后的名词前经常用形容词最高级修饰，即“one of+the 十形容词最高精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页级+复数名词”，意为“最的之一”。翻译：天津是中国最大的城市之一。_ 16. I tri

23、ed to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. 我尽力挣脱一只手，最后设法弄断了绳索。（1）try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事，努力做某事”。 try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事“。（2）manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”。The box was very heavy but he managed to carry it ，这个箱子很重，但是他设法搬动了。17.When I lifted my left hand into the air当我把我的左手举到空中时句中的

24、 lift 用作及物动词，意为“举起，抬高；提高”。Can you help me lift the bike onto the truck? 你能帮我把自行车抬到卡车上去吗？【拓展】 lift 作可数名词，意为“电梯”。We ll take a lift to go up and down. 我们将乘电梯上下楼。18.Keep doing something 一直做某事keep doing sth.意为“不断地做某事，一直做某事”。The boy kept crying. 那个男孩不停地哭。【拓展】keep on doing sth.意为“反复做某事”。Prices keep on incr

25、easing物价不停地上涨。keep sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中介词from 不能省略。We should keep the farmers from cutting down many trees. keep 及物动词，意为“保存，保管”。How long can I keep the book? keep 及物动词，意为“饲养，养活”。My grandfather likes keeping pets keep 及物动词，意为“保持”，可用于复合宾语结构，其宾语补足语可以是介词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。When you do eye e

26、xercises,you should keep your eyes closed. You should keep your hair away from the fire. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页Don t keep him waiting so long. 18.Gulliver found himself unable to move.格列佛发现自己不能动弹。unable 形容词，意为“不能的，不会的”。unable只能作表语，(be) unable to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，相当于

27、(be) not able to do sth.。The girl was so young that she was unable to lift the bag. 【拓展】 un-是否定前缀，用在一些形容词前，使其有否定的含义。healthy-unhealthy( 不健康的 ) kind-unkind( 不善良的 ) popular-unpopular( 不流行的 ) fair-unfair( 不公平的 ) happy-unhappy( 不开心的 ) friendly-unfriendly( 不友好的 ) welcome-unwelcome( 不受欢迎的 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页