2022年最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全 .pdf

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1、最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全Unit 1 重点短语 : have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one s temperature have a fever go to a doctorto one s surprise agree to (do sth.)get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth. ）give up 语言知识归纳：1. What s the ma

2、tter (with you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：Whats wrong with you?/ Whats the trouble?matter作动词用，意为 “ 要紧”“有关系 ” ，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter? It doesnt matter.【例题】 Does it _ if we cant finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病” ，常用 “have a /an+ 名词”.have a c

3、old have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】 ( )-Does he often have _ cold? -Yes. He also _a cough and a sore throat. A. a; hasB. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息lie down 躺下4.That s probably why. 那可能就是原因。probably意为“ 很可能，大概 ” ，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5. hur

4、t v. 使受伤；伤害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping. 公交车司机， 24岁的王平 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24 岁的” 。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）【例题】 A_girl named DongXinyi looked after her disable

5、d father. A. three-year-oldB. three-years-oldC. Three years old7. expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼expect 的常见用法 :expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his daughter s visit. expect to do sth. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect sb. to do sth. Do you expect him to teach you English? expect +从句I ex

6、pect that you will get there soon. 【辨析】 expect与 look forward to 两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth. 单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie 说谎lied lied lying lie 躺，平放lay lain lying 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页I m looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise. 但是令他吃惊的是 to one s surpris

7、e 表示“ 令人惊奇的是 ” ，相当于 “ 主语+be+surprised”To his surprise, he found the girl was bind. = He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】 in surprise 表示“ 惊奇的 ” ，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。be surprised at表示“ 对感到惊讶 ” 。We are very surpri

8、sed at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很诧异。surprising 表示“ 使人惊奇的 ” ，作表语时，主语是事物。9. They don t want any trouble. 他们不想惹麻烦。 trouble 用作名词，意为 “ 烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等” 。His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充满了烦恼。Whats the trouble? 怎么了？ trouble 用作动词，意为 “ 麻烦，打扰 ” 。I m sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与 trouble 相关的短语in trouble 处于困境中get

9、into trouble陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难【例题】 -How is your English study? -Not bad. But I_learning English grammar. A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble 10. 辨析used to do sth. 与be used to sth. / doing sth. 过去常常 习惯于某事 /做某事We used to draw pictures badly.

10、You will get used to the weather here. In the end, I got used to doing hard work. 11. 辨析 run out 与 run out of 人+ run out of They have run out of the water. 物+ run out (不可用于被动语态）The money is running out. 【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.

11、 A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of 12. make decisions = make a decision 作出决定decision为 decide的名词形式make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth. 13. be in control of 管理；控制A teacher should be in control of his class.重点语法：情态动词 should 的用法（1）should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后加 not, 变一般疑问句时将should 提前

12、。（2）should常用于以下两种情况：提出建议You looked tired. You should lie down and rest. 表推测，意为 “ 该，按理应当 ” 。Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute. Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks.重点短语 : 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页clean up by oneself cheer up put off give out put

13、on used to give away take after set up make a difference care for come up with 语言知识归纳：1. give out 分发，发放【拓展】 give 构成的短语还有：give away 赠给，赠送give in 屈服，投降give up 放弃give off 发出（气味、光、热等）e up with 提出，想出(1)表示“ 想出或提出 ” ，相当于 think of I think she can come up with a good idea (2)come up with还可表示“ 赶上”,相当于 catch u

14、p with. We should study hard to come up with them 【例题】 ( ) We must _a plan to improve your math. A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up 3. Iv run out of it. 我已经把它用完了。run out of 表示 “ 用完，用光 ” ，其主语一般是人。【拓展】 run out of 还可表示 “ 从跑出来 ” 。Bill ran out of the room. Bill 从房间里跑出来。run 构成的短语还有run

15、away 逃走run after 追赶run into difficulties 遇到困难【例题】 ( ) When your money_, please come to me for some. A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out 4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】 take after 与 look like take after意为“ 长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像

16、他爸爸。look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座桥。【拓展】 take 构成的短语take up take off take place take one s time take care【例题】 ( ) -Youve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I _my mother. A. look after B. take after C.

17、take from D. look for 语气。翻译短语位 at most,意为“ 至多，最多 ” 。He kept me waiting at least an hour. There were fifty people there at most. 3. all the time 一直；总是Things are changing all the time. 事情一直在变化。【拓展】 time 相关的短语on time 准时at the same time同时in time 及时From time to time 偶尔the first time 第一次【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项

18、。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页( ) I always go shopping on Friday. A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way 5. I m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累。as.as意为“ 和一样”,表示同级比较。 as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级。This story is as interesting as that one. 这个故事和那个一样有趣。否定式为 not as/s

19、o.as, 意为“ 不如” 。The garden is not so beautiful as you thought. 【例题】 ( ) He speaks French well, but of course not_a person born in France. A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。we drive, _po

20、llution our city will have. A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less 11. in order to 的用法(1) in order to 意为“ 为了” ，强调目的，后接动词原形。In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. We have to study hard in order to pass the exam. In order not to be

21、late for school, she took a taxi. (2)含 in order to 的句子可以转变为由so that或 in order that 引导的状语从句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus. She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus. She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus. 12. as a result的用法as a result用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用

22、标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为 “ 结果是” 。He didn t listen carefully. As a result, he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】 as a result of 的意思是 “ 由于，因为 ” ， 相当于 because of 。Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain. 【例题】 ( ) The boy studied hard. _, he passed the exam. A.

23、Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?重点短语 : look through work out get on with cut out compare.with in one s opiniona big deal so that get into a fight communicate with not.until. call sb. up instead of 语言知识归纳：1. Why don t you talk to your parents?Wh

24、y dont you do sth.= Why not do sth. “为什么不 ?”【拓展】提出建议的句型What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？Youd better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页Why dont you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？2. allow v. 允许，许可 allow sb.

25、to do sth. “允许某人做某事 “My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth. “ 允许做某事 ”She doesn t allow smoking in her house. allow+名词We cant allow such a thing.【例题】 ( ) Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m. A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up 3. work out 产生效果，进展 Thin

26、gs worked out quite well for us. 对我们来说，事情进展很好。He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了这道数学题。Can you work out the problem alone? 你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？4. communicate v. 交流信息；沟通I can t communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我无法同他们进行交流。communication n.交流People can t get on well with each other without communicatio

27、n. 没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。( )People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail. A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate 5. argue vi. 争论；争吵argue with sb. 与某人争论Dont argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母争论。argue的名词形式是“argument ”, have an argument with sb. 与某人辩论。Alice hand an argument wi

28、th her best friend. 【例题】 ( )I never argue _my parents. A.in B.to C.for D.with 6. instead adv. 代替，顶替If you are busy, you may come another day instead. 【辨析】 instead 与 instead of instead 副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。instead of 介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。He didn t answer. He asked his father instead.We eat rice i

29、nstead of noodles. 【例题】 ( ) What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel. A.because of B. instead of C.together with D.out 7. offer v. 提供；提出；建议 offer 做“ 提供” 讲时，可接双宾语。offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered th

30、e man a cup of tea. offer 还有“ 提出，建议 ” 的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。The old man offered to lend the boy some money. 【例题】 ( ) The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought 8. And they are always comparing them with other children. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名

31、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页compare 作动词，意为 “ 比较， 和相比” 。 compare.with. 把同相比较Parents shouldnt always compare their children with others. 父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。 compare.to. 把比作People often compare the life to a stage. 人们常把生活比作一个舞台。【例题】 ( ) My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers.A. to B. with C

32、. on D.for 10. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. return 意为“ 归还” ，其后可接双宾语return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. Dont forget to return me the keys. return 还有“ 返回” 的意思，相当于go back, 后接地点时需要介词to。He 作连词引导时间状语从句，在while 引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生。While I was watching TV, someone kn

33、ocked at the door. when意为“ 当时” ，动作有一前一后的意思。When I passed that room I heard someone singing. while 作连词时也可理解为 “ 然而” ，表示转折关系。I like apples while my sister doesnt.【例题】 ( ) Tom likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast. A.until B.while C.because D.though ( )Mary was talking on the phone _someone k

34、nocked at the door. A.while B.before C.when D.after 2. make sure 查明；确信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 从句【例题】 ( ) Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake in it before you hand it in. A.make sure B.turn up C.come out D.look for 3. I got to the bus stop but I sti

35、ll missed the bus. get意为“ 到达” 时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to。How can I get to the nearest supermarket ? 表示“ 到达” 的三种形式： arrive 意为到达at + 小地点arrive in + 大地点 get to 后接地点名词。He got to school at 7:00 this morning. reach意为“ 到达” ，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。When did you reach America? 【例题】 ( ) Please write to me as soon as yo

36、u _ your school. A.get to B.reach to C.arrive D.come ( ) -When did your aunt_in Shandong? -Yesterday afternoon. A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come 4. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页history

37、. hear动词, 意为“ 听说” 。常用结构为： hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb. /sth. 听说某人或某事 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 hear + that从句听说【例题】 ( )Tom likes to _others but he never writes to them. A.hear B.hear of C.hear about D.hear from ( )-When did you _the news? -Just now. A.hear abou

38、t B.hear from C.heard D.hearing 5. I played the song without any mistakes. without 介词,意为“ 无；没有 ” ，其反义词为 with,后接名词、代词或动词ing。Fish can t live without water.He went to work without having breakfast. 【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。She entered the room_ _at the door. 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？Can you see clearly _your _Unit 6 An old m

39、an tried to move the mountains. 重点短语 : a little bit instead of turn.into once upon a time fall in love get married as soon as instead of give birth to be born turn.into 语言知识归纳：1. try 的用法 try to do sth. 尽力做某事He is trying to learn English. try doing sth. 试着做某事You should try taking more exercise. try o

40、nes best 尽力I ll try my best to help him. try on 试穿Would you like to try this dress on? 2. remind vt. 使想起，提醒 remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事The song remind me of my childhood. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Peter reminded her to attend the meeting on time. 4. What do you think of .? 你认为 怎么样？What do yo

41、u think of .? = How do you like.? 注：think 后接动名词， like 后接带 to 的不定式如：What do you think of going climbing tomorrow? =How do you like to go climbing tomorrow? 你认为明天去爬山怎么样？【例题】 ( ) -_do you think of the football match? -It s perfect. Its more exciting than_match that I have ever watched. A. How; any othe

42、r B. How; any others C. What; any other D. What; any others 5. Neither of you is wrong. 你们两个都没错。neither 两者都不；也不e.g. Neither of the ideas is good. I like neither subject. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页neither 作连词，表示 “ 既不也不” ，连接两个主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。e.g. Neither you nor he is in

43、 this team. Neither he nor I am a teacher. 【例题】 ( ) -Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walk man? -_. I prefer a computer. A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither 5. unless的用法unl A.enough; to B.as;as C.so; that 7. as soon as 一就as soon as 为连词，引导时间状语从句当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称“ 主将从现 ” 。e.g. Ill tel

44、l her about the matter as soon as she returns home. I ll ring you up as soon as I got to Sanya.【例题】 ( )-Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? -Sure. Ill give it to her_she arrives here.A.before B.until C.because D.as soon as 8. the whole family 全家whole 的用法作形容词，意为 “ 全部的；完整的 ” 。the whole night

45、整夜in the whole world 全世界作名词，意为 “ 全部，全体，整个 ” 。as a whole作为整体the whole of China 整个中国【辨析】 whole 与 all whole 一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后，而all 则位于这些词之前all the time/ the whole time 整个时间all my life/ my whole life 我的一生all the class/ the whole class 整个班级【例题】 ( ) Alison has been skating for_two hours. A.the all B.whol

46、e the C.the whole D.all of 9. be made of 与 be made from 由制成be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可以看出原材料The desks are made of wood. be made from 看不出原材料，属于化学变化Paper is made of wood. 【例题】 ( )This pair of shoes_by hand, and it _very comfortable. A.is made from; is felt B.are made of; feels C.is made by; feels Unit 7 Wha

47、ts the highest mountain in the world?重点短语 : feel free as far as I know in the face of even though at birth walk into fall over or so take in many times endangered animals achieve ones dream 语言知识归纳：2. 比较级和最高级的特殊句型 “get/ become + 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级” 表示“ 变得越来越 ” ，当形容词为多音节词（少数双音节词）时，用“ more and more +

48、 原级” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. “the + 形容词比较级 ，the + 形容词比较级 ” 意为“ 越就越” 。The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. “one of the +最高级 +可数名词复数 ” 表示“ 最之一” 。Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in

49、China. This is/was + the + 最高级 +名词+that 引导的定语从句。This is the most interesting story I have ever read. 三级句型之间的转换 形容词比较级 +than any other+ 单数名词This book is more difficult than any other book here. = This book is the most difficult of all. 形容词比较级 +than the other+ 复数名词Bill is taller than the other student

50、s in his class. 同级比较用 as.as., 否定式为 not as/so.as. He is as tall as his father. He is not as tall as his father. “more+ 形容词” 与“less+ 形容词 ” 及“not so/as .as”的互换。This question is more difficult than that one. =That question is less difficult than this one. =That question isnt so difficult as this one.2.