英语句子成分课件.ppt

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1、句子成分,定义,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。,英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）宾语补足语(objectcomplement表语（predicative）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)同位语（appositive）,1.主语：是句子要说明的人或物，说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。名词（短语）、代

2、词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句皆可做主语。,1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式短语,主语从句,1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2

3、.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）表示一类人,7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.9

4、.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesntgrowontrees.,（主语从句）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,(it作形式主语,真正的主语为that从句,2.谓语,谓语(Verb)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形或者连系动词+表语构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Heha

5、scaughtabadcold.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,(所有实义动词时态,语态的构成都叫谓语,3.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be,become)之后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。,1)WangPingsfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.

6、7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.,名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词短语,表语从句,高考必须掌握的连系动词：(1)变化系(8个)-变得.,becomeadoctor/turngreen(red,pale)/getlong(short)/growold/fallill/cometrue/gomad(wrong)/runloose(dry),become,turn,get,grow,fall,come,go,run,(2)感官系（4个）,feel,smell,sound,taste,feelhappy,smelldelicious

7、,soundbeautiful,tastegood,(3)持续系(5个)保持,仍然,使处于某种状态,keep,remain,stay,stand,lie,keepquiet,remainseated,lieawake,staysingle,standstill(不要动)(stilladj静止的,不动的),(4)表象系（3个）-看起来,好像,look,seem,appear,(5)终止系(2个)-prove,turnout证明是/结果是Theplanprovedtobeuseful证明是有有用的Theweatherturnedouttobefine.天气结果很好。,(6)状态系(1个)be(am

8、,is,are,was,were）,作表语的词可以是：形容词，名词，代词，数词副词，介词短语，doing,done,todo,tobedone,tobedoingtobe+形容词-作表语的是句子就称作表语从句,4.宾语,宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,

9、4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：跟to:write,pass,give,send,promise,lend,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterd

10、ay.跟for:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.,Lendmeyourdictionary,please,Lendyourdictionarytome,please,Sheboughthermotheragift,Sheboughtagiftforhermother,(3)形式宾语：若宾语是动词不定式，动名词或从句，可用it作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其到宾补之后。,Ifounditdifficulttofinish

11、thetaskintime.Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?Wehavemadeitclearthatwedisagreed.,WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.（双宾语）me间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。anovel直接宾语表示动作的直接承受者或结果。,有6个词常常这样用：consider,think,find,feel,make,believe,5.宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.,Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词作宾补）Wewillmakethemhapp

12、y.（形容词作宾补）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词作宾补)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语作宾补）Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式作宾补）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式作宾补）Dontkeepthefireburning.（现在分词作宾补）Illhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词作宾补）,双宾语和宾补的区别,Hegavemeabook.(他给我一本书）在这个句子中，me作间接宾语，abook作直接宾语。如果一个句子中的某一个动词接了两个宾语，那么，指“人”的

13、是间接宾语，指“物”的为直接宾语。而且，这两个宾语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系，如，你不能说Iamabook.如果一个动词后所接的两个宾语能够形成逻辑上的主谓关系，则是宾语和宾补的关系。例：Weelectedhimmonitor.在这个句子中，we作主语，elected作谓语，him为宾格，作宾语，monitor作宾语的补足语，而且，此句的宾语him可以和后面的monitor构成逻辑上的主谓关系，即：heisamonitor.,六.定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadev

14、elopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.,（形容词）,（分词）,（名词）,（代词,形容词）,Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.Youshoulddoeve

15、rythingthatIdo.,(介词短语作定语),（现在分词短语作定语）,（过去分词作定语）,（不定式作定语）,（定语从句作定语）,七.状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,4.Heisintheroommakingamo

16、delplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.,（分词短语）,（名词）,（状语从句）,10种状语种类：,1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语

17、）,6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,八.同位语是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如：,Westudentsshouldstudy

18、hard.(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）Weareallstudents.(all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们）Thenewsthatwerehavingaholidaytomorrowistrue.（从句作同位语）,9.插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink/suppose/believe等，如：Tobefrank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.我相信,这个故事还远没结束.,练习,说出下列划线部分单词或词组在句子中各充当

19、什么成分,Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.Hebrokeapieceofglass.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.,主,谓语,宾语,定语,主语,谓语,谓语,谓语,主,主,主,定语,宾语,宾语,状语,定语,宾语,表语,（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallanswery

20、ourquestionafterclass.4.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.5.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.,6.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.7.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.8.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.9.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.10.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.11.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish,12.Icoul

21、dntunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.13.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.14.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.15.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.16.IllbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.17.Swimmingkeepsmefit.18.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesntgrowontrees.,练习,（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什

22、么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.,主语,宾语,间/直宾,谓语,状语,定语,谓语,状语,6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmt

23、onight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.,主语,表语,宾语,表语,主语,表语,谓语,宾语,状语,宾语,宾补,表语,14.Icouldntunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.15.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.16

24、.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.17.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.18.IllbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.19.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.20.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesntgrowontrees.,状语,谓语,宾补,宾语,宾补,主语,宾语,句子成分练习题(二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwellgodependontheweather.2.Peoplesstanda

25、rdsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.Illreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmthatIdliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.

26、,主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语,宾语,定语,定语,定语,定语,句子成份练习,1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Thesunkeepsuswarm.6、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.7、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.,状语,表语,间宾+直宾,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,8.Ithinkitdifficulttofinishtheworkthismorning.9.

27、Thereseemslittlehopesofsuccess.10、Toourjoy,theyarrivedsafe.11、Thefactisveryclearthatourteamwillwinthegame.12.Aftergraduationhewillworkwherehecamefrom.,宾语+宾补,主语,状语,同位语,状语,Homework,分析句子成分,1.Themilktastesfresh.2.Timefliesfast.3.Itissillytotalklikethat.4.Canyougethimtohelpme?5.WecalledXiaoLiuourscientis

28、t.6.Shegavehimalecture.7.Heboughtsomesweetsforhisson?,Homework,8.Itwasapitythatyoudidntwatchthatwonderfulfootballmatch.9.Doyouwanttocometotheparty?10.Whatyousaidmademehappy.11.Whichseasondoyoulikebetter,springorsummer?12.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.13.Theletterisfromherson.14.Whereishegoing?15.Willyoudomeafavour?,Thatsall.Thankyou!,