定语从句归纳总结.docx

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1、 定语从句1（attributive clause）定语从句的组成：先行词连接词从句连接词是高考的重点考查考点，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：which（先行词是物，充当主语宾语和表语）、who（先行词是人，充当主语宾语和表语）、whom（充当宾语）、that（先行词是物或者人，充当主语宾语和表语）、whose(充当定语，有从属关系）、as（充当主语宾语和表语）。1. 例：The famous basketball star,（）tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention.A. Where B. when C. which D

2、. who后面从句缺少主语，首先可以排除A和B选项，关系副词并不充当任何成分，前面的先行词是star，那么只能选D。2. 例：I wish to thank Professor Smith,without( ) help I would never have got this far.A. Who B. whose C.whom D. which观察后面从句，发现不缺少主语或者宾语或表语，那么其实A C D都可以直接排除了。再观察一下，发现先行词和help 是有从属关系的，是史密斯教授的帮助，因此选择whose。Whose的考察难点：whose =of which +the+ n =the n

3、 +of +whichMary lives in the room,the door ( ) opens east.A. of it B.of which C.of that D.whose根据whose= the n +of +which，本题选择B，B和D容易混淆，但是名词door前面有the,则D排除。关系代词 that和which的考察难点： 1. 先行词是不定代词all、much、little、something、everything、nothing、none等时，必须用that而不用which。2. 先行词前面有the only、the very、any、few、little、no

4、、all等修饰时，只用that。3. 先行词前面有形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。4. 先行词前面有序数词修饰时，只用that。5. 先行词既是人又是物的时候。例如：She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.6. 主句的主语是疑问词时，只用that。例如：Which is the bike that you lost.7. 当有两个定语从句时，其中一个用which，另一个用that。例如：They secretly built up a small factory ,which produ

5、ced things that could cause pollution.8. 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语，即双表语问题，则只用that。例如：My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.Place 在句子中是主句的表语，也是先行词，而关系代词也充当从句的表语，那么关系只能用that而不能用which。1. 非限定定语从句（逗号打开），只能用which而不能用that。2. 在介词的后面只能用which而不能用that。例如：This is the village in which he was born

6、.难点：in that 的特殊用法。In that 可以有在于的意思，相当于because的用法，可引导原因状语从句。但在定语从句里，并没有in that的用法。 关系代词as和which的区别（as和which引导的非限定定语从句）As引导的非限定定语从句可放在主句前，也可在主句后，还可插进主句中，而which引导的非限定定语从句只能放在主句后。当从句表示否定时，只能用which。而表达“正如”的意思时，则用as。Such as 和such that 的区分：例如：It is such a small ball as everyone can heave(举起）. It is such a

7、small ball that everyone can heave it.观察两句，不难发现使用such as的时候，后面从句其实是缺少成分宾语的，但使用such that的时候，从句并不缺少任何成分。由此，可以联想到定语从句与强调句的区别。It is the cinema where i watched the film.It is at the cinema that i watched the film.思考一下，哪个是强调句，哪个是定语从句，两者究竟有什么区别。总结：关系代词:观察从句是否缺少成分，如果缺少成分，则选择对应的关系代词。Warm-up1. I hope that the

8、 little () I have been able to do has been of some use.A. what B.which C.that D.as2. He lives in a hotel,() is only five minutes walk from here.A.that B.which C.in which D.where3. It was at our college library ()I borrowed the novel.A. which B.in which C.that D.where4. All() is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which5. Id like to tell you _ I saw in the exhibition.A. which B. that C. what D. /Answer:CBCBC 5 / 5